The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease (a review)
Tài liệu tham khảo
Touyz, 2005, Molecular and cellular mechanism in vascular injury in hypertension: role of angiotensin II, Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens, 14, 125, 10.1097/00041552-200503000-00007
Griendling, 2003, Oxidative stress and cardiovascular injury part 1: basic mechanisms and in vivo monitoring of ROS, Circulation, 108, 1912, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000093660.86242.BB
Mazor, 2010, Tumor necrosis factor-α: a possible priming agent for the polymorphonuclear leukocyte-reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in hypertension, Hypertension, 55, 353, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.144154
Fukutomi, 2013, Low-grade inflammation and ambulatory blood pressure response to antihypertensive treatment: the ALPHABET study, Am J Hypertens, 26, 784, 10.1093/ajh/hpt024
Pietri, 2006, Relationship between low-grade inflammation and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension, J Hypertens, 24, 2231, 10.1097/01.hjh.0000249701.49854.21
Weiner, 2014, Systemic inflammation and brachial artery endothelial function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), Heart, 100, 862, 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304893
Vasilev, 2013, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) as circulating markers for endothelial dysfunction in patients with pheochromocytoma, Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 121, 551, 10.1055/s-0033-1353183
Weiss, 2013, Components of the interlukin-6 transsignalling system are associated with the metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, Metabolism, 62, 1008, 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.019
Deanfield, 2007, Endothelial function and dysfunction: testing and clinical relevance, Circulation, 115, 1285, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.652859
Schiffrin, 2008, Oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthase, and superoxide dismutase: a matter of imbalance underlies endothelial dysfunction in the human coronary circulation, Hypertension, 51, 31, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.103226
Angela, 2013, LOX-1, ox-LDL and atherosclerosis, Mediat Inflamm, 2013
Sies, 1997, Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants, Exp Physiol, 82, 291, 10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004024
Nickening, 2002, The AT-1-type angiotensin receptor in oxidative stress and hypertension part I: oxidative stress and atherogenesis, Circulation, 105, 393, 10.1161/hc0302.102618
Ray, 2005, NADPH oxidase and endothelial cell function, Clin Sci, 109, 217, 10.1042/CS20050067
Ebrahimian, 2011, Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 in angiotensin II-induced inflammation and hypertension: regulation of oxidative stress, Hypertension, 57, 245, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.159889
Sies, 2007, Total antioxidant capacity: appraisal of a concept, J Nutr, 137, 1493, 10.1093/jn/137.6.1493
Wang, 2013, Plasma and dietary antioxidant status as cardiovascular disease risk factors: a review of human studies, Nutrients, 5, 2969, 10.3390/nu5082969
Mann, 2007, Nrf2/ARE regulated antioxidant gene expression in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in oxidative stress: implications for atherosclerosis and preeclampsia, Acta Phys Sin, 59, 117
Vaziri, 2008, Causal link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension, Iran J Kidney Dis, 2, 1
Cai, 2000, Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress, Circ Res, 87, 840, 10.1161/01.RES.87.10.840
Majzunova, 2013, Redox signaling in pathophysiology of hypertension, J Biomed Sci, 20, 69, 10.1186/1423-0127-20-69
Ishibashi, 2013, Molecular hydrogen: new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases, Curr Pharm Des, 19, 6375, 10.2174/13816128113199990507
Ng, 2012, The role of repeatedly heated soybean oil in the development of hypertension in rats: association with vascular inflammation, Int J Exp Pathol, 93, 377, 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00839.x
Savoia, 2011, Vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in experimental hypertension, Int J Hypertens, 2011, 1, 10.4061/2011/281240
Pacurari, 2014, The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in vascular inflammation and remodeling, Int J Inflamm, 2014, 1, 10.1155/2014/689360
Horio, 2014, Role of endothelial cell-derived angptl2 in vascular inflammation leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression, Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 34, 790, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.303116
Devaraj, 2011, C-reactive protein induces release of both endothelial microparticles and circulating endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo: further evidence of endothelial dysfunction, Clin Chem, 57, 1757, 10.1373/clinchem.2011.169839
Leong, 2009, Intake of repeatedly heated palm oil causes elevation in blood pressure with impaired vasorelaxation in rats, Tohoku J Exp Med, 219, 71, 10.1620/tjem.219.71
Steyers, 2014, Endothelial dysfunction in chronic inflammatory diseases, Int J Mol Sci, 15, 11324, 10.3390/ijms150711324
Lemkens, 2012, Dual neural peptidase/endothelin-converting enzyme inhibition improves endothelial function in mesenteric resistance arteries of young spontaneously hypertensive rats, J Hypertens, 30, 1799, 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283569c7a
LaMarca, 2009, Hypertension in response to autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA) in pregnant rats: role of endothelin-1, Hypertension, 54, 905, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.137935
Donato, 2009, Vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging: endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 297, H425, 10.1152/ajpheart.00689.2008
Widyantoro, 2010, Endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 promotes cardiac fibrosis in diabetis hearts through stimulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Circulation, 121, 2407, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.938217
Barhoumi, 2014, Erythropoietin-induced hypertension and vascular injury in mice overexpressing human endothelin-1: exercise attenuated hypertension, oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response, J Hypertens, 32, 784, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000101
Saleh, 2010, Endothelin-1 increases glomerular permeability and inflammation independent of blood pressure in the rat, Hypertension, 56, 942, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.156570
Deacon, 2010, Endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases the expression of remodeling genes in vascular smooth muscle through linked calcium and cAMP pathwyas: role of phospholipase A(2)(sPLA(2))/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostacyclin receptor-dependent autocrine loop, J Biol Chem, 285, 25913, 10.1074/jbc.M110.139485
Sun, 2014, Endothelin-1 induces a glycolytic switch in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via the mitochondrial translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 50, 1084, 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0187OC
Kuo, 2013, Vasomotor regulation of coronary microcirculation by oxidative stress: role of arginase, Front Immunol, 4, 237, 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00237
Honavar, 2011, Chlorine gas exposure causes systemic endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent signaling, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 45, 419, 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0151OC
Weldy Chad, 2011, DIESEL particulate exposed macrophages alter endothelial cell expression of eNOS, iNOS, MCP1, and glutathione synthesis genes, Toxicol in Vitro, 25, 2064, 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.08.008
Zhao, 2011, CRP enhances soluble LOX-1 release from macrophages by activating TNF-α converting enzyme, J Lipid Res, 52, 923, 10.1194/jlr.M015156
Forstermann, 2011, Therapeutic effect of enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling, Br J Pharmacol, 164, 213, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01196.x
Oliveira-Paula, 2014, Inducible nitric oxide synthase as a possible target in hypertension, Curr Drug Targets, 15, 164, 10.2174/13894501113146660227
Sankaralingam, 2010, Arginase contributes to endothelial cell oxidative stress in response to plasma from women with preeclampsia, Cardiovasc Res, 85, 194, 10.1093/cvr/cvp277
Ryoo, 2011, Ox-LDL-dependent activation of arginase II is dependent on the LOX-1 receptor and downstream RhoA signalling, Atherosclerosis, 214, 279, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.044
Auclair, 2013, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ mutations responsible for lipodystrophy with severe hypertension activate the cellular renin–angiotensin system, Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33, 829, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300962
Martin, 1997, Cytokine induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells depends on the cooperative action of NF-χB and AP-1, Eur J Immunol, 27, 1091, 10.1002/eji.1830270508
Desai, 2012, META060 attenuates TNF-α-activated inflammation, endothelial-monocyte interactions, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 in THP-1 monocytes, Atherosclerosis, 223, 130, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.004
Sprague, 2009, Inflammatory cytokines in vascular dysfunction and vascular disease, Biochem Pharmacol, 78, 539, 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.029
Bisaillon, 2010, Essential role for STIM1/Orai 1-mediated calcium influx in PDGF-induced smooth muscle migration, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 298, C993, 10.1152/ajpcell.00325.2009
Carnevale, 2012, PI3Kγ inhibition reduces blood pressure by a vasorelaxant Akt/L-type calcium channel mechanism, Cardiovasc Res, 93, 200, 10.1093/cvr/cvr288
Sarmiento, 2014, Increases in reactive oxygen species enhance vascular endothelial cell migration through a mechanism dependent on the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 ion channel, Microvasc Res
Yeh, 2013, Lercanidipine and labedipinedilol-A attenuate lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-induced inflammation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells through inhibition of HMGB1 release and MMP-2, 9 activities, Atherosclerosis, 226, 364, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.12.005
Ledoux, 2006, Calcium-activated potassium channels and the regulation of vascular tone, Physiology, 21, 69, 10.1152/physiol.00040.2005
Yamamoto, 2008, TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ influx induces chemokine production in monocytes that aggravates inflammatory neutrophil infiltration, Nat Med, 14, 738, 10.1038/nm1758
Schepers, 2009, Role of symmetric dimethylarginine in vascular damage by increasing ROS via store-operated calcium influx in monocytes, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 24, 1429, 10.1093/ndt/gfn670
Zhang, 2010, Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury, Nature, 464, 104, 10.1038/nature08780
Li, 2013, Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 potentiates EDH-type relaxations in the mesenteric artery of the spontaneously hypertensive rat, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 305, H1471, 10.1152/ajpheart.00962.2012
Nagano, 2013, Apelin elevates blood pressure in ICR mice with L-NAME-induced endothelial dysfunction, Mol Med Rep, 7, 1371, 10.3892/mmr.2013.1378
Zhang, 2014, Tumor necrosis factor-α produced in the kidney contributes to Angiotensin-II-dependent hypertension, Hypertension, 64, 1275, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03863
Tinsley, 2010, Interleukin-10 reduces inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood pressure inhypertensive pregnant rats, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 298, R713, 10.1152/ajpregu.00712.2009
Toma, 2011, Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of amlodipine action to improve endothelial cell dysfunction induced by irreversibly glycated LDL, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 411, 202, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.137
Armoza, 2013, Tomato extract and the carotenoids lycopene and lutein improve endothelial function and attenuate inflammatory NF-kB signaling in endothelial cells, J Hypertens, 31, 521, 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835c1d01
Giles, 2012, Impaired vasodilation in the pathogenesisn of hypertension: focus on nitric oxide, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors, and prostaglandins, J Clin Hypertens, 14, 198, 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00606.x
Ozkor, 2011, Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and vascular function, Cardiol Res Pract, 1, 156146
Renna, 2013, Role of renin–angiotensin system and oxidative stress on vascular inflammation in insulin resistence model, Int J Hypertens, 2013, 1, 10.1155/2013/420979
Hayenga, 2013, Stiffness increases mononuclear cell transendothelial migration, Cell Mol Bioeng, 6, 253, 10.1007/s12195-013-0284-9
Van Bussel, 2012, Low-grade inflammation, but not endothelial dysfunction, is associated with greater carotid stiffness in the elderly: the Hoorn study, J Hypertens, 30, 744, 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328350a487
Gkaliagkousi, 2012, Elevated levels of MMP-9 in untreated patients with stage I essential hypertension, Clin Exp Hypertens, 34, 561, 10.3109/10641963.2012.681726
Goyal, 2012, Current concepts of the role of oxidized LDL receptors in atherosclerosis, Curr Atheroscler Rep, 14, 150, 10.1007/s11883-012-0228-1
Pirillo, 2013, LOX-1, ox-LDL, and atherosclerosis, Mediat Inflamm, 2013, 152786, 10.1155/2013/152786
Stein, 2010, SIRT1 decreases LOX-1-mediated foam cell formation in atherogenesis, Eur Heart J, 31, 2301, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq107
Chen, 2010, The reciprocal relationship between adiponectin and LOX-1 in the regulation of endothelial dysfunction in ApoE knockout mice, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 299, H605, 10.1152/ajpheart.01096.2009
Zhou, 2014, Combination therapy of amlodipine and atorvastatin has more beneficial vascular effects than monotherapy in slat-sensitive hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 27, 873, 10.1093/ajh/hpt272
Lubrano, 2014, LOX-1 and ROS, inseparable factors in the process of endothelial damage, Free Radic Res, 48, 841, 10.3109/10715762.2014.929122
Zhou, 2013, Ox-LDL downregulates eNOS activity via LOX-1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress, Int J Mol Med, 32, 1442, 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1513
Adam, 2008, Effects of repeatedly heated palm oil on serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and homocystein levels in a post-menopausal rat model, McGill J Med, 11, 145
Kenney, 2012, Cutaneous microvascular dysfunction correlates with serum LDL and sLOX-1 receptor concentrations, Microvasc Res, 85, 112
Ozyazgan, 2013, Lectin-like oxidised LDL receptor-1 as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in Bechet's disease, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 31, 71
Goncalves, 2012, Evidence supporting a key role of Lp-PLA2-generated lypophosphatidylcholine in human atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 32, 1505, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.249854
Racherla, 2012, Utility of Lp-PLA2 in lipid-lowering therapy, Am J Ther, 19, 115, 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181e70d32
Borsch-Haubold, 1998, Direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase −1 and −2 by the kinase inhibitors SB 203580 and PD 98059 SB 203580 also inhibits thromboxane synthase, J Biol Chem, 273, 28766, 10.1074/jbc.273.44.28766
Dileep, 2012, Binding to PLA2 may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of cathecol, Chem Biol Drug Des, 79, 143, 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01258.x
Mendes, 2012, Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2: risks and benefits, Rev Bras Reumatol, 52, 767
Toniolo, 2013, Cyclooxygenase-1 and prostacyclin production by endothelial cells in the presence of mild oxidative stress, PLoS ONE, 8, e56683, 10.1371/journal.pone.0056683
Kirby, 2012, Cyclooxygenase-1, not cyclooxygenase-2, is responsible for physiological productionof prostacyclin in the cardiovascular system, PNAS, 109, 17597, 10.1073/pnas.1209192109
Davi, 2007, Mechanisms of disease: platelet activation and atherothrombosis, N Engl J Med, 357, 2482, 10.1056/NEJMra071014
Buie, 2014, Role of interferon alpha in endothelial dysfunction: insights into endothelial nitric oxide synthase-related mechanisms, Am J Med Sci, 348, 168, 10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000284
Sedeek, 2009, Molecular mechanisms of hypertension: role of Nox family NADPH oxidases, Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens, 18, 122, 10.1097/MNH.0b013e32832923c3
Munzel, 2010, Is oxidative stress a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease?, Eur Heart J, 31, 2741, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq396
Jasinska, 2007, Statins: a new insight into teir mechanisms of action and consequent pleiotropic effects, Pharmacol Rep, 59, 483
Taguchi, 2013, Irbesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, exhibit metabolic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in patients with high-risk hypertension, Hypertens Res, 36, 608, 10.1038/hr.2013.3
Halliwell, 2007
Litescu, 2010, Methods for determination of antioxidant capacity in food and raw materials, 698(18), 241
Flores-Mateo, 2006, Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis, Am J Clin Nutr, 84, 762, 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.762
Nishi, 2010, Vitamin C prevents DNA damage induced by renovascular hypertension in multiple organs of Wistar rats, Hum Exp Toxicol, 29, 593, 10.1177/0960327109358267
Botelho-Ono, 2011, Acute superoxide scavenging restores depressed baroreflex sensitivity in renovascular hypertensive rats, Auton Neurosci, 159, 38, 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.07.025
Bruno, 2012, Effect of acute administration of vitamin C on muscle sympathetic activity, cardiac sympathovagal balance, and baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive patients, Am J Clin Nutr, 96, 302, 10.3945/ajcn.112.035022
Albaghdadi, 2007, Baroreflex control of long-term arterial pressure, Rev Bras Hipertens, 14, 212
Yamazaki, 2012, Oral vitamin C enhances the adrenergic vasoconstrictor response to local cooling in human skin, J Appl Physiol, 112, 1689, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00043.2012
Esmaeilpour-Bezenjani, 2013, Effect of administration of ascorbic acid and dopamine D2 receptors agonist in the hippocampal CA1 area on spatial learning and memory in adult male rats, Iran J Vet Res, 14, 126
Chelazzi, 2011, Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation, 2011
Uzun, 2013, Does vitamin C or its combination with vitamin e improve radial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients awaiting coronary artery bypass surgery?, Cardiovasc J Afr, 24, 255, 10.5830/CVJA-2013-046
May, 2013, Role of vitamin C in the function of the vascular endothelium, Antioxid Redox Signal, 19, 2068, 10.1089/ars.2013.5205
Carr, 2013, Synthetic or food-derived vitamin C-Are they equally bioavailable?, Nutrients, 5, 4284, 10.3390/nu5114284
Agarwal, 2012, Differing relations to early atherosclerosis between vitamin C from supplements vs. food in the Los Angeles atherosclerosis study: a prospective cohort study, Open Cardiovasc Med J, 6, 113, 10.2174/1874192401206010113
Loke, 2010, Specific dietary polyphenols attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e-knockout mice by alleviating inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 30, 749, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199687
Scoditti, 2012, Mediterranean diet polyphenols reduce inflammatory angiogenesis through MMP-9 and COX-2 inhibition in human vascular endothelial cells: a potentially protective mechanism in atherosclerotic vascular disease and cancer, Arch Biochem Biophys, 527, 81, 10.1016/j.abb.2012.05.003
Mukai, 2011, Polyphenol-containing azuki bean (Vigna angularis) seed coats attenuate vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats, J Nutr Biochem, 22, 16, 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.11.004
Natsume, 2014, Suppressive effects of cacao polyphenols on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, Subcell Biochem, 77, 189, 10.1007/978-94-007-7920-4_16
Cuevas, 2014, Identification of microRNAs involved in the modulation of pro-angiogenic factors in atherosclerosis by a polyphenol-rich extract from propolis, Arch Biochem Biophys, 557, 28, 10.1016/j.abb.2014.04.009
Widmer, 2013, Beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich olive oil in patients with early atherosclerosis, Eur J Nutr, 52, 1223, 10.1007/s00394-012-0433-2
Botden, 2012, Red wine polyphenols do not lower peripheral or central blood pressure in high normal blood pressure and hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 25, 718, 10.1038/ajh.2012.25
Ras, 2013, Effect of polyphenol-rich grape seed extract on ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with pre- and stage I hypertension, Br J Nutr, 110, 2234, 10.1017/S000711451300161X
Da Costa, 2012, Euterpe oleracea Mart-derived polyphenols prevent endothelial dysfunction and vascular structural changes in renovascular hypertensive rats: role of oxidative stress, Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol, 385, 1199, 10.1007/s00210-012-0798-z
Hou, 2012, Effect of the flavonoid fraction of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd on spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats, J Ethnopharmacol, 143, 441, 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.016
Li, 2012, Effect of total flavonoids in Apocynum venetum leaves on rat hypertension induced by high fat and high salt and its molecular mechanism, Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 43, 540
Harari, 2013, Prevention of atherosclerosis progression by 9-cis-β-carotene rich alga dunaliella in apoE-deficient mice, Biomed Res Int, 2013, 169517, 10.1155/2013/169517
Meydani, 2014, Long-term vitamin E supplementation reduces atherosclerosis and mortality in Ldlr−/− mice, but not when fed Western style diet, Atherosclerosis, 233, 196, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.006
Boni, 2010, Antioxidant vitamins and prevention of atherosclerosis in childhood, Rev Paul Pediatr, 28, 373, 10.1590/S0103-05822010000400014
Bozaykut, 2014, Effects of vitamin E on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 in hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis, Free Radic Biol Med, 70, 174, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.017
Che Idris, 2014, Oil palm phenolics and vitamin E reduce atherosclerosis in rabbits, J Funct Foods, 7, 541, 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.002
Rasool, 2006, Dose dependent elevation of plasma tocotrienol levels and its effect on arterial compliance, plasma total antioxidant status, and lipid profile in healthy humans supplemented with tocotrienol rich vitamin E, J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 52, 473, 10.3177/jnsv.52.473
Young, 2001, Measurement of total antioxidant capacity, J Clin Pathol, 54, 339, 10.1136/jcp.54.5.339
Weydert, 2010, Measurement of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cultured cells and tissue, Nat Protoc, 5, 51, 10.1038/nprot.2009.197
Mahajan, 2007, Antihypertensive and antioxidant action of amlodipine and vitamin C in patients of essential hypertension, J Clin Biochem Nutr, 40, 141, 10.3164/jcbn.40.141
Rodrigo, 2008, Decrease in oxidative stress through supplementation of vitamins C and E is associated with a reduction in blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension, Clin Sci, 114, 625, 10.1042/CS20070343
Plantinga, 2007, Supplementation with vitamins C and E improves arterial stiffness and endothelial function in essential hypertensive patients, Am J Hypertens, 20, 392, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.09.021
Milman, 2008, Vitamin E supplementation reduces cardiovascular events in a subgroup of middle-aged individuals with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and the haptoglobin 2–2 genotype: a prospective double-blinded clinical trial, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 28, 341, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.153965
Shargorodsky, 2010, Effect of long-term treatment with antioxidants(vitamin C, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 and selenium)on arterial compliance, humoral factors and inflammatory markers in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, Nutr Metab, 7, 55, 10.1186/1743-7075-7-55
Hawkes, 2009, Selenium supplementation does not improve vascular responsiveness in healthy North American men, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 296, H256, 10.1152/ajpheart.00935.2008
Edwards, 2007, Quercetin reduces blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, J Nutr, 137, 2405, 10.1093/jn/137.11.2405
Cook, 2007, A randomized factorial trial of vitamins c, e, and beta-carotene in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in women: results from the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study (WACS), Arch Intern Med, 167, 1610, 10.1001/archinte.167.15.1610
Sesso, 2008, Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized trial, JAMA, 300, 2123, 10.1001/jama.2008.600
Belch, 2008, The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease, BMJ, 337, a1840, 10.1136/bmj.a1840
Kidd, 2009, Bioavailability and activity of phytosome complexes from botanical polyphenols: the silymarin, curcumin, green tea, and grape seed extract, Altern Med Rev, 14, 226
McCullough, 2012, Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults, Am J Clin Nutr, 95, 454, 10.3945/ajcn.111.016634
Mink, 2007, Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women, Am J Clin Nutr, 85, 895, 10.1093/ajcn/85.3.895
Mursu, 2008, Flavonoid intake and the risk of ischaemic stroke and CVD mortality in middle-aged Finnish men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, Br J Nutr, 100, 890, 10.1017/S0007114508945694
Lin, 2007, Dietary intakes of flavonols and flavones and coronary heart disease in US women, Am J Epidemiol, 165, 1305, 10.1093/aje/kwm016
Buijsse, 2008, Both a- and b carotene, but not tocopherols and vitamin C, are inversely related to 15-year cardiovascular mortality in Dutch elderly men, J Nutr, 138, 344, 10.1093/jn/138.2.344
Del Rio, 2011, Total antioxidant capacity of the diet is associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke in a large Italian cohort, J Nutr, 141, 118, 10.3945/jn.110.125120
Rautiainen, 2012, Total antioxidant capacity of diet and risk of stroke: a population-based prospective cohort of women, Stroke, 43, 335, 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.635557