Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents

WHO, 2020 de Wit, 2016, SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nat Rev Microbiol, 14, 523, 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81 Chan, 2020, A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster, Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9 Otter, 2016, Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination, J Hosp Infect, 92, 235, 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.08.027 Dowell, 2004, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on hospital surfaces, Clin Infect Dis, 39, 652, 10.1086/422652 Geller, 2012, Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies, Viruses, 4, 3044, 10.3390/v4113044 Kampf, 2018 Ijaz, 1985, Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E, J Gen Virol, 66, 2743, 10.1099/0022-1317-66-12-2743 Bean, 1982, Survival of influenza viruses an environmental surfaces, J Infect Dis, 146, 47, 10.1093/infdis/146.1.47 Ansari, 1991, Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14, J Clin Microbiol, 29, 2115, 10.1128/JCM.29.10.2115-2119.1991 Kwok, 2015, Face touching: a frequent habit that has implications for hand hygiene, Am J Infect Contr, 43, 112, 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.10.015 WHO, 2020 WHO. Annex G, 2014, 65 Siddharta, 2017, Virucidal Activity of World Health Organization-Recommended Formulations Against Enveloped Viruses, Including Zika, Ebola, and Emerging Coronaviruses, J Infect Dis, 215, 902, 10.1093/infdis/jix046 Yen, 2010, Quantitative evaluation of infection control models in the prevention of nosocomial transmission of SARS virus to healthcare workers: implication to nosocomial viral infection control for healthcare workers, Scand J Infect Dis, 42, 510, 10.3109/00365540903582400 Alshammari, 2018, Comparison of perceived and observed hand hygiene compliance in healthcare workers in MERS-CoV endemic regions, Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 6, 122 Al-Tawfiq, 2019, Infection control influence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A hospital-based analysis, Am J Infect Contr, 47, 431, 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.09.015 Wong, 2005, Handwashing practice and the use of personal protective equipment among medical students after the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong, Am J Infect Contr, 33, 580, 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.025 Wiboonchutikul, 2016, Lack of transmission among healthcare workers in contact with a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Thailand, Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 5, 21, 10.1186/s13756-016-0120-9 Ki, 2019, Risk of transmission via medical employees and importance of routine infection-prevention policy in a nosocomial outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a descriptive analysis from a tertiary care hospital in South Korea, BMC Pulm Med, 19, 190, 10.1186/s12890-019-0940-5 van Doremalen, 2013, Stability of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) under different environmental conditions, Euro Surveill, 18, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.38.20590 Casanova, 2010, Effects of air temperature and relative humidity on coronavirus survival on surfaces, Appl Environ Microbiol, 76, 2712, 10.1128/AEM.02291-09 Warnes, 2015, Human Coronavirus 229E Remains Infectious on Common Touch Surface Materials, mBio, 6, e01697, 10.1128/mBio.01697-15 Sizun, 2000, Survival of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 in suspension and after drying on surfaces: a possible source of hospital-acquired infections, J Hosp Infect, 46, 55, 10.1053/jhin.2000.0795 Duan, 2003, Stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and environment and its sensitivity to heating and UV irradiation, Biomed Environ Sci, 16, 246 Lai, 2005, Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Clin Infect Dis, 41, e67, 10.1086/433186 Chan, 2011, The Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Viability of the SARS Coronavirus, Adv Virol, 734690 Rabenau, 2005, Stability and inactivation of SARS coronavirus, Med Microbiol Immunol, 194, 1, 10.1007/s00430-004-0219-0 Rabenau, 2005, Efficacy of various disinfectants against SARS coronavirus, J Hosp Infect, 61, 107, 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.12.023 Saknimit, 1988, Virucidal efficacy of physico-chemical treatments against coronaviruses and parvoviruses of laboratory animals, Jikken Dobutsu Exp Anim, 37, 341 Wood, 1998, The action of three antiseptics/disinfectants against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, J Hosp Infect, 38, 283, 10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90077-9 Pratelli, 2007, Action of disinfectants on canine coronavirus replication in vitro, Zoonoses Publ Health, 54, 383, 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01079.x Dellanno, 2009, The antiviral action of common household disinfectants and antiseptics against murine hepatitis virus, a potential surrogate for SARS coronavirus, Am J Infect Control, 37, 649, 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.03.012 Omidbakhsh, 2006, Broad-spectrum microbicidal activity, toxicologic assessment, and materials compatibility of a new generation of accelerated hydrogen peroxide-based environmental surface disinfectant, Am J Infect Control, 34, 251, 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.06.002 Pratelli, 2008, Canine coronavirus inactivation with physical and chemical agents, Vet J (London, England : 1997), 177, 71, 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.03.019 Kariwa, 2006, Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions and chemical reagents, Dermatol (Basel, Switzerland), 212, 119, 10.1159/000089211 Eggers, 2015, Rapid and Effective Virucidal Activity of Povidone-Iodine Products Against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA), Infect Dis Ther, 4, 491, 10.1007/s40121-015-0091-9 Eggers, 2018, In Vitro Bactericidal and Virucidal Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine Gargle/Mouthwash Against Respiratory and Oral Tract Pathogens, Infect Dis Ther, 7, 249, 10.1007/s40121-018-0200-7 Hulkower, 2011, Inactivation of surrogate coronaviruses on hard surfaces by health care germicides, Am J Infect Control, 39, 401, 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.08.011 Sattar, 1989, Chemical disinfection of non-porous inanimate surfaces experimentally contaminated with four human pathogenic viruses, Epidemiol Infect, 102, 493, 10.1017/S0950268800030211 Goyal, 2014, Evaluating the virucidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour, J Hosp Infect, 86, 255, 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.02.003