18F-fluoride positron emission tomography for identification of ruptured and high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a prospective clinical trial

Naghavi, 2003, From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part I, Circulation, 108, 1664, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000087480.94275.97 Virmani, 2000, Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 20, 1262, 10.1161/01.ATV.20.5.1262 Virmani, 2006, Pathology of the vulnerable plaque, J Am Coll Cardiol, 47, C13, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.065 Rogers, 2011, Imaging of coronary inflammation with FDG-PET: feasibility and clinical hurdles, Curr Cardiol Rep, 13, 138, 10.1007/s11886-011-0168-3 Libby, 2010, The vascular biology of atherosclerosis and imaging targets, J Nucl Med, 51, 33S, 10.2967/jnumed.109.069633 Rogers, 2010, Feasibility of FDG imaging of the coronary arteries: comparison between acute coronary syndrome and stable angina, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 3, 388, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.01.004 Dweck, 2012, Coronary arterial 18F-sodium fluoride uptake: a novel marker of plaque biology, J Am Coll Cardiol, 59, 1539, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.037 Dweck, 2013, Aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis, and skeletal bone: is there a common link with calcification and inflammation?, Eur Heart J, 34, 1567, 10.1093/eurheartj/eht034 Dweck, 2012, Assessment of valvular calcification and inflammation by positron emission tomography in patients with aortic stenosis, Circulation, 125, 76, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.051052 Tawakol, 2006, In vivo 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging provides a noninvasive measure of carotid plaque inflammation in patients, J Am Coll Cardiol, 48, 1818, 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.05.076 Rudd, 2002, Imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, Circulation, 105, 2708, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000020548.60110.76 Wykrzykowska, 2009, Imaging of inflamed and vulnerable plaque in coronary arteries with 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with suppression of myocardial uptake using a low-carbohydrate, high-fat preparation, J Nucl Med, 50, 563, 10.2967/jnumed.108.055616 Cheng, 2012, Coronary arterial 18F-FDG uptake by fusion of PET and coronary CT angiography at sites of percutaneous stenting for acute myocardial infarction and stable coronary artery disease, J Nucl Med, 53, 575, 10.2967/jnumed.111.097550 Thygesen, 2012, Third universal definition of myocardial infarction, Eur Heart J, 33, 2551, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs184 1991, Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis, N Engl J Med, 325, 445, 10.1056/NEJM199108153250701 Calvert, 2011, Association between IVUS findings and adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: the VIVA (VH-IVUS in Vulnerable Atherosclerosis) Study, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 4, 894, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.05.005 Murray, 2013, Defining the magnitude of measurement variability in the virtual histology analysis of acute coronary syndrome plaques, Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, 14, 167, 10.1093/ehjci/jes138 Stone, 2011, A prospective natural-history study of coronary atherosclerosis, N Engl J Med, 364, 226, 10.1056/NEJMoa1002358 Ehara, 2004, Spotty calcification typifies the culprit plaque in patients with acute myocardial infarction: an intravascular ultrasound study, Circulation, 110, 3424, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000148131.41425.E9 Mintz, 2001, J Am Coll Cardiol, 37, 1478, 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01175-5 García-García, 2009, Tissue characterisation using intravascular radiofrequency data analysis: recommendations for acquisition, analysis, interpretation and reporting, EuroIntervention, 5, 177, 10.4244/EIJV5I2A29 Motoyama, 2009, Computed tomographic angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques subsequently resulting in acute coronary syndrome, J Am Coll Cardiol, 54, 49, 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.068 Burke, 1997, Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly, N Engl J Med, 336, 1276, 10.1056/NEJM199705013361802 Aikawa, 2007, Osteogenesis associates with inflammation in early-stage atherosclerosis evaluated by molecular imaging in vivo, Circulation, 116, 2841, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.732867 New, 2013, Macrophage-derived matrix vesicles: an alternative novel mechanism for microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaques, Circ Res, 113, 72, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301036 Vengrenyuk, 2006, A hypothesis for vulnerable plaque rupture due to stress-induced debonding around cellular microcalcifications in thin fibrous caps, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 103, 14678, 10.1073/pnas.0606310103 Raggi, 2004, Progression of coronary artery calcium and risk of first myocardial infarction in patients receiving cholesterol-lowering therapy, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, 1272, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000127024.40516.ef McEvoy, 2010, Coronary artery calcium progression: an important clinical measurement? A review of published reports, J Am Coll Cardiol, 56, 1613, 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.06.038 Derlin, 2010, Feasibility of 18F-sodium fluoride PET/CT for imaging of atherosclerotic plaque, J Nucl Med, 51, 862, 10.2967/jnumed.110.076471 Li, 2012, Association of vascular fluoride uptake with vascular calcification and coronary artery disease, Nucl Med Commun, 33, 14, 10.1097/MNM.0b013e32834c187e Beheshti, 2011, Detection and global quantification of cardiovascular molecular calcification by fluoro18-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography—a novel concept, Hell J Nucl Med, 14, 114 Derlin, 2011, Correlation of inflammation assessed by 18F-FDG PET, active mineral deposition assessed by 18F-fluoride PET, and vascular calcification in atherosclerotic plaque: a dual-tracer PET/CT study, J Nucl Med, 52, 1020, 10.2967/jnumed.111.087452 Saam, 2010, Association of inflammation of the left anterior descending coronary artery with cardiovascular risk factors, plaque burden and pericardial fat volume: a PET/CT study, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 37, 1203, 10.1007/s00259-010-1432-2 Dunphy, 2005, Association of vascular 18F-FDG uptake with vascular calcification, J Nucl Med, 46, 1278 Janssen, 2013, Association of linear (18)F-sodium fluoride accumulation in femoral arteries as a measure of diffuse calcification with cardiovascular risk factors: A PET/CT study, J Nucl Cardiol, 20, 569, 10.1007/s12350-013-9680-8