Myelomeningocele: prenatal diagnosis, pathophysiology and management

Seller, 1995, Recent developments in the understanding of the aetiology of neural tube defects, Clin Dysmorphol, 4, 93, 10.1097/00019605-199504000-00001 Hutchins, 1992, Spinal dysraphia, Am J Hum Genet, 51, A319 Botto, 1999, Neural-tube defects, N Engl J Med, 341, 1509, 10.1056/NEJM199911113412006 1991, Prevention of neural tube defects, Lancet, 338, 131, 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90133-A 1999, Knowledge and use of folic acid by women of childbearing age-United States, 1995 and 1998, MMWR, 48, 325 Edmonds, 1990, Temporal trends in the prevalence of congenital malformations at birth based on the birth defects monitoring program, United States, 1979–1987, MMWR. CDC Surveill Summ, 39, 19 Lary, 1996, Prevalence of spina bifida at birth—United States, 1983–1990, MMWR CDC Surveil Summ, 45, 15 Shaw, 1994, Epidemiologic characteristics of phenotypically distinct neural tube defects among 0.7 million California births, 1983–1987, Teratology, 49, 143, 10.1002/tera.1420490210 Roberts, 1995, Impact of prenatal diagnosis on the birth prevalence of neural tube defects, Atlanta, 1990–1991, Pediatrics, 96, 880, 10.1542/peds.96.5.880 Velie, 1996, Impact of prenatal diagnosis and elective termination on prevalence and risk estimates of neural tube defects in California, 1989–1991, Am J Epidemiol, 144, 473, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008953 Worley, 1996, Survival at 5 years of a cohort of newborn infants with myelomeningocele, Dev Med Child Neurol, 38, 816, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15116.x Hunt, 1990, Open spina bifida, Dev Med Child Neurol, 32, 108, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1990.tb16910.x 1989, Economic burden of spina bifida—United States, 1980–1990, MMWR, 38, 264 Dias, 1993, Hydrocephalus in the child with dysraphism, Neurosurg Clin North Am, 4, 715, 10.1016/S1042-3680(18)30561-8 McLone, 1983, Results of treatment of children born with a myelomeningocele, Clin Neurosurg, 30, 407, 10.1093/neurosurgery/30.CN_suppl_1.407 Caldarelli, 1996, Shunt complications in the first postoperative year in children with meningomyelocele, Child Nerv Syst, 12, 748, 10.1007/BF00261592 Oaks, 1992, Symptomatic chiari malformations in childhood, 104 McComb, 1997, Spinal and cranial neural tube defects, Semin Pediatr Neurol, 4, 156, 10.1016/S1071-9091(97)80034-4 Sarwark, 1996, Tethered cord syndrome in low motor level children with myelomeningocele, Pediatr Neurosurg, 25, 295, 10.1159/000121143 Fone, 1997, Urodynamic findings in the tethered spinal cord syndrome, J Urol, 157, 604, 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65216-9 Patten, 1953, Embryological stages in the establishment of myeloschisis with spina bifida, Am J Anat, 93, 365, 10.1002/aja.1000930304 Osaka, 1978, Myelomeningocele before birth, J Neurosurg, 49, 711, 10.3171/jns.1978.49.5.0711 Hutchins, 1996, Acquired spinal cord injury in human fetuses with myelomeningocele, Pediatr Pathol Lab Med, 16, 701, 10.1080/107710496175327 Meuli, 1997, The spinal cord lesion in human fetuses with myelomeningocele, J Pediatr Surg, 32, 448, 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90603-5 Korenromp, 1986, Early fetal movements in myelomeningocele, Lancet, 1, 917, 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91022-6 Sival, 1997, Perinatal motor behaviour and neurological outcome in spina bifida aperta, Early Hum Develop, 50, 27, 10.1016/S0378-3782(97)00090-X Luthy, 1991, Cesarean section before the onset of labor and subsequent motor function in infants with myelomeningocele diagnosed antenatally, N Engl J Med, 324, 662, 10.1056/NEJM199103073241004 Shurtleff, 1994, Meningomyelocele, Ciba Found Symp, 181, 270 Merrill, 1998, The optimal route of delivery for fetal meningomyelocele, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 179, 235, 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70278-9 Cochrane, 1991, The effects of labor and delivery on spinal cord function and ambulation in patients with meningomyelocele, Childs Nerv Syst, 7, 312, 10.1007/BF00304828 Pang, 1993, Cervical myelomeningoceles, Neurosurgery, 33, 363, 10.1227/00006123-199309000-00003 Sutton, 1995, Lipomyelomeningocele, Neurosurg Clin North Am, 6, 325, 10.1016/S1042-3680(18)30466-2 Duckworth, 1968, Hemimyelocele, Dev Med Child Neurol, 10, 69, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1968.tb04849.x Michejda, 1984, Intrauterine treatment of spina bifida. Primate model, Z Kinderchir, 39, 259 Heffez, 1993, Intrauterine repair of experimental surgically created, Neurosurg, 32, 1005, 10.1227/00006123-199306000-00021 Heffez, 1990, The paralysis associated with myelomeningocele, Neurosurg, 26, 987, 10.1227/00006123-199006000-00011 Meuli, 1995, Creation of myelomeningocele in utero, J Pediatr Surg, 30, 1028, 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90335-6 Meuli, 1995, In utero surgery rescues neurologic function at birth in sheep with spina bifida, Nat Med, 1, 342, 10.1038/nm0495-342 Meuli, 1996, In utero repair of experimental myelomeningocele saves neurologic function at birth, J Pediatr Surg, 31, 397, 10.1016/S0022-3468(96)90746-0 Bouchard, 2001, Correction of hindbrain herniation after in utero repair of myelomeningocele in sheep, Surg Forum, 51, 419 Adzick, 1994, Fetal surgical therapy, Lancet, 343, 897, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90012-4 Kallen, 1997, Teratology, 57, 56, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199802)57:2<56::AID-TERA3>3.0.CO;2-4 Doran, 1963, Studies in spina bifida: Part IV. The frequency and extent of paralysis, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, 26, 545, 10.1136/jnnp.26.6.545 Cochrane, 1996, Prenatal spinal evaluation and functional outcome of patients born with myelomeningocele, Fetal Diag Ther, 11, 159, 10.1159/000264297 Quinn, 1998, Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging enhances fetal diagnosis, J Pediatr Surg, 33, 553, 10.1016/S0022-3468(98)90315-3 Babcook, 1994, Prevalence of ventriculomegaly in association with myelomeningocele, Radiol, 190, 703, 10.1148/radiology.190.3.8115615 Payner, 1994, Acquired chiari malformations, Neurosurg, 34, 429, 10.1227/00006123-199403000-00007 Welch, 1981, Chiari I “malformation” — an acquired disorder?, J Neurosurg, 55, 604, 10.3171/jns.1981.55.4.0604 Mazzola, 2002, Dermoid inclusion cysts and early spinal cord tethering after fetal surgery for myelomeningocele, N Engl J Med, 347, 256, 10.1056/NEJMoa013325 Bruner, 1997, Endoscopic coverage of fetal open myelomeningocele in utero, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 176, 256, 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)80050-6 Tulipan, 1998, Reduced hindbrain herniation after intrauterine myelomeningocele repair, Pediatr Neurosurg, 29, 274, 10.1159/000028735 Adzick, 1998, Successful fetal surgery for spina bifida, Lancet, 352, 1675, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)00070-1 Sutton, 1999, Improvement in hindbrain herniation by serial fetal MRI following fetal surgery for myelomeningocele, JAMA, 282, 1826, 10.1001/jama.282.19.1826 Bruner, 1999, Intrauterine repair of myelomeningocele, ‘hindbrain restoration’ and the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, JAMA, 282, 1819, 10.1001/jama.282.19.1819 Johnson MP, Adzick NS, Rintoul N, et al: Fetal myelomeningocele repair: Short-term clinical outcomes. Am J Ob Gyn (in press) Rintoul, 2002, A new look at myelomeningoceles, Pediatrics, 109, 409, 10.1542/peds.109.3.409 Gardner, 1965, Hydrodynamic mechanism of syringomelia, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, 28, 247, 10.1136/jnnp.28.3.247 Williams, 1981, Chronic herniation of the hindbrain, Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl, 63, 9