Therapeutic Ultrasound for the Heart: State of the Art

Benjamin, 2017, Heart disease and stroke statistics—2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 135, 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485 Townsend, 2016, Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update 2016, Eur Heart J, 42, 3232, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw334 Piepoli, 2016, 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice, Eur Heart J, 37, 2315, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 Szabo TL. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging: inside out. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-861725. Tanter, 2014, Ultrafast imaging in biomedical ultrasound, IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 61, 102, 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.2882 Cikes, 2014, Ultrafast cardiac ultrasound imaging: technical principles, applications, and clinical benefits, JACC: Cardiovasc Imaging, 7, 812 O'Reilly, 2015, Emerging non-cancer applications of therapeutic ultrasound, Int J Hyperth: Off J Eur Soc Hyperth Oncol, North American Hyperthermia Group, 1 O'Brien, 1998, Assessing the risks for modern diagnostic ultrasound imaging, Jpn J Appl Phys, 37, 2781, 10.1143/JJAP.37.2781 Ter Haar, 2011, Ultrasonic imaging: safety considerations, Interface Focus, 1, 686, 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0029 ter Haar, 2016, HIFU tissue ablation: concept and devices, Adv Exp Med Biol, 880, 3, 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_1 Soneson, 2010, Thresholds for nonlinear effects in high-intensity focused ultrasound propagation and tissue heating, IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 57, 2450, 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1711 Sapareto, 1984, Thermal dose determination in cancer therapy, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 10, 787, 10.1016/0360-3016(84)90379-1 Mallory, 2016, Therapeutic hyperthermia: the old, the new, and the upcoming, Crit Rev Oncol/Hematol, 97, 56, 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.003 Khokhlova, 2015, Histotripsy methods in mechanical disintegration of tissue: towards clinical applications, Int J Hyperth, 31, 145, 10.3109/02656736.2015.1007538 Samuels, 2013, Low-frequency (<100 kHz), low-intensity (<100 mW/cm2) ultrasound to treat venous ulcers: a human study and in vitro experiments, J Acoust Soc Am, 134, 1541, 10.1121/1.4812875 Rooze, 2013, Dissolved gas and ultrasonic cavitation – a review, Ultrason Sonochem, 20, 1, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.04.013 Leighton, 1994 Lighthill, 1978, Acoustic streaming, J Sound Vib, 61, 391, 10.1016/0022-460X(78)90388-7 Nightingale, 2002, Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: in vivo demonstration of clinical feasibility, Ultrasound Med Biol, 28, 227, 10.1016/S0301-5629(01)00499-9 Baker, 2001, A review of therapeutic ultrasound: biophysical effects, Phys Ther, 81, 1351, 10.1093/ptj/81.7.1351 Huang, 2014 Camm, 2010, Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation, Eur Heart J, 31, 2369, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq278 Joseph, 2012, Radiofrequency ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: past, present and future, QJM, 105, 303, 10.1093/qjmed/hcr189 Dubuc, 2001, Catheter cryoablation of the atrioventricular node in patients with atrial fibrillation: a novel technology for ablation of cardiac arrhythmias, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 12, 439, 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00439.x Ebbini, 1991, A spherical-section ultrasound phased array applicator for deep localized hyperthermia, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 38, 634, 10.1109/10.83562 Ebbini, 1991, Optimization of the intensity gain of multiple-focus phased-array heating patterns, Int J Hyperth: Off J Eur Soc Hyperth Oncol, North American Hyperthermia Group, 7, 953, 10.3109/02656739109056461 Ebbini, 2015, Ultrasound-guided therapeutic focused ultrasound: current status and future directions, Int J Hyperth, 31, 77, 10.3109/02656736.2014.995238 Carias, 2014, The evaluation of steerable ultrasonic catheters for minimally invasive MRI-guided cardiac ablation, Magn Reson Med, 72, 591, 10.1002/mrm.24945 He, 1994, Preliminary results using ultrasound energy for ablation of the ventricular myocardium in dogs, Am J Cardiol, 73, 1029, 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90167-8 He, 1995, Application of ultrasound energy for intracardiac ablation of arrhythmias, Eur Heart J, 16, 961, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061031 Hynynen, 1997, Cylindrical ultrasonic transducers for cardiac catheter ablation, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 44, 144, 10.1109/10.552244 Nakagawa, 2007, Initial experience using a forward directed, high-intensity focused ultrasound balloon catheter for pulmonary vein antrum isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 18, 136, 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00715.x Haïssaguerre, 1998, Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins, N Engl J Med, 339, 659, 10.1056/NEJM199809033391003 Neven, 2010, Fatal end of a safety algorithm for pulmonary vein isolation with use of high-intensity focused ultrasound, Circulation: Arrhythmia Electrophysiol, 3, 260 Borchert, 2008, Lethal atrioesophageal fistula after pulmonary vein isolation using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), Heart Rhythm, 5, 145, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.08.023 Nair, 2015, Atrioesophageal fistula: a review, J Atrial Fibrillation, 8, 1331 Toupin, 2017, Feasibility of real-time MR thermal dose mapping for predicting radiofrequency ablation outcome in the myocardium in vivo, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 19, 14, 10.1186/s12968-017-0323-0 Koruth, 2015, Pre-clinical investigation of a low-intensity collimated ultrasound system for pulmonary vein isolation in a porcine model, JACC: Clin Electrophysiol, 1, 306 Ninet, 2005, Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with off-pump, epicardial, high-intensity focused ultrasound: results of a multicenter trial, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 130, 803, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.05.014 Mitnovetski, 2009, Epicardial high-intensity focused ultrasound cardiac ablation for surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation, Heart Lung Circulation, 17, 28, 10.1016/j.hlc.2008.08.003 Pizon, 2013, Impact of epicardial ablation of concomitant atrial fibrillation on atrial natriuretic peptide levels and atrial function in 6 months follow-up: does preoperative ANP level predict outcome of ablation?, J Cardiothorac Surg, 8, 218, 10.1186/1749-8090-8-218 Kirchhof, 2016, ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS, Europace, 18, 1609, 10.1093/europace/euw295 Nazer, 2015, Epicardial catheter ablation using high-intensity ultrasound: validation in a swine model, Circulation: Arrhythmia Electrophysiol, 8, 1491 Lee, 2010, Design of focused ultrasound array for non-invasive transesophageal cardiac ablation, Open Med Devices J, 2, 51, 10.2174/1875181401002010051 Constanciel, 2013, Design and evaluation of a transesophageal HIFU probe for ultrasound-guided cardiac ablation: simulation of a HIFU mini-maze procedure and preliminary ex vivo trials, IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 60, 1868, 10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2772 Yin, 2006, Noninvasive transesophageal cardiac thermal ablation using a 2-D focused, ultrasound phased array: a simulation study, IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 53, 1138, 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1642512 Pichardo, 2009, New design for an endoesophageal sector-based array for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: a parametric simulation study, IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 56, 600, 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1076 Constanciel, 2013, Ultrasound-guided transesophageal HIFU exposures for atrial fibrillation treatment: first animal experiment, IRBM, 34, 315, 10.1016/j.irbm.2013.07.002 Bessiere, 2016, Ultrasound-guided transesophageal high-intensity focused ultrasound cardiac ablation in a beating heart: a pilot feasibility study in pigs, Ultrasound Med Biol, 42, 1848, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.007 Greillier, 2017, Transoesophageal HIFU for cardiac ablation: in-vivo experiments in non-human primates, J Acoust Soc Am, 141, 4013, 10.1121/1.4989221 Kwiecinski, 2014, Quantitative evaluation of atrial radio frequency ablation using intracardiac shear-wave elastography, Med Phys, 41, 10.1118/1.4896820 Kwiecinski, 2015, Cardiac shear-wave elastography using a transesophageal transducer: application to the mapping of thermal lesions in ultrasound transesophageal cardiac ablation, Phys Med Biol, 60, 7829, 10.1088/0031-9155/60/20/7829 Hynynen, 2016, Image-guided ultrasound phased arrays are a disruptive technology for non-invasive therapy, Phys Med Biol, 61, R206, 10.1088/0031-9155/61/17/R206 Bobkova, 2011, A therapeutic random phased array, Ultrasound Med Biol, 36, 888, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.03.007 Kluiwstra, 1997, Real time image guided high intensity focused ultrasound for myocardial ablation: in vivo study, 1327 Rong, 2013, Septal ablation induced by transthoracic high-intensity focused ultrasound in canines, J Am Soc Echocardiogr: Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr, 26, 1228, 10.1016/j.echo.2013.06.020 Wu, 2013, Noninvasive cardiac arrhythmia therapy using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation, Int J Cardiol, 166, e28, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.235 Maxwell, 2013, Probability of cavitation for single ultrasound pulses applied to tissues and tissue-mimicking materials, Ultrasound Med Biol, 39, 449, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.09.004 Wang, 2013, Histological and biochemical analysis of mechanical and thermal bioeffects in boiling histotripsy lesions induced by high intensity focused ultrasound, Ultrasound Med Biol, 39, 424, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.10.012 Xu, 2010, Noninvasive creation of an atrial septal defect by histotripsy in a canine model, Circulation, 121, 742, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.889071 Barron, 2009, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Lancet, 374, 551, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60563-8 Owens, 2011, Therapeutic ultrasound to noninvasively create intracardiac communications in an intact animal model, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 77, 580, 10.1002/ccd.22787 Kim, 2011, Non-invasive pulsed cavitational ultrasound for fetal tissue ablation: feasibility study in a fetal sheep model, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 37, 450, 10.1002/uog.8880 Owens, 2012, Intermediate-term effects of intracardiac communications created noninvasively by therapeutic ultrasound (histotripsy) in a porcine model, Pediatr Cardiol, 33, 83, 10.1007/s00246-011-0094-6 Miller, 2013, Histotripsy cardiac therapy system integrated with real-time motion correction, Ultrasound Med Biol, 39, 2362, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.08.004 Villemain, 2016, Pulsed cavitational ultrasound for non-invasive chordal cutting guided by real-time 3D echocardiography, Eur Heart J – Cardiovasc Imaging, 10.1093/ehjci/jew145 Badiwala, 2009, Surgical management of ischemic mitral regurgitation, Circulation, 120, 1287, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.836627 Abe, 2008, In vitro mitral chordal cutting by high intensity focused ultrasound, Ultrasound Med Biol, 34, 400, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.09.003 Otsuka, 2005, In vitro ablation of cardiac valves using high-intensity focused ultrasound, Ultrasound Med Biol, 31, 109, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.09.009 Lindner, 2004, Microbubbles in medical imaging: current applications and future directions, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 3, 527, 10.1038/nrd1417 Faez, 2013, 20 years of ultrasound contrast agent modeling, IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 60, 7, 10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2533 Stride, 2015, Physical principles of microbubbles for ultrasound imaging and therapy, Front Neurol Neurosci, 36, 11, 10.1159/000366223 Rosenberg, 1990, Gene transfer into humans — immunotherapy of patients with advanced melanoma, using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes modified by retroviral gene transduction, N Engl J Med, 323, 570, 10.1056/NEJM199008303230904 Chen, 2016, Prospect of ultrasound-mediated gene delivery in cardiovascular applications, Expert Opin Biol Ther, 2598, 1 Mitragotri, 2005, Healing sound: the use of ultrasound in drug delivery and other therapeutic applications, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 4, 255, 10.1038/nrd1662 Pitt, 2004, Ultrasonic drug delivery—a general review, Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 1, 37, 10.1517/17425247.1.1.37 Unger, 2014, Cardiovascular drug delivery with ultrasound and microbubbles, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 72, 110, 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.012 Sun, 2013, The use of cationic microbubbles to improve ultrasound-targeted gene delivery to the ischemic myocardium, Biomaterials, 34, 2107, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.041 Kondo, 2004, Treatment of acute myocardial infarction by hepatocyte growth factor gene transfer: the first demonstration of myocardial transfer of a “functional” gene using ultrasonic microbubble destruction, J Am Coll Cardiol, 44, 644, 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.04.042 Fujii, 2011, Repeated and targeted transfer of angiogenic plasmids into the infarcted rat heart via ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction enhances cardiac repair, Eur Heart J, 32, 2075, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq475 Lee, 2014, Survivin gene therapy attenuates left ventricular systolic dysfunction in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy by reducing apoptosis and fibrosis, Cardiovasc Res, 101, 423, 10.1093/cvr/cvu001 Schlegel, 2016, Locally targeted cardiac gene delivery by AAV microbubble destruction in a large animal model, Human Gene Ther Methods, 27, 71, 10.1089/hgtb.2015.120 Miller, 2005, Histological characterization of microlesions induced by myocardial contrast echocardiography, Echocardiography, 22, 25, 10.1111/j.0742-2822.2005.03184.x Heldman, 2007, Myectomy or alcohol septal ablation surgery and percutaneous intervention go another round, J Am Coll Cardiol, 49, 358, 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.029 Maron, 2014, Surgical septal myectomy versus alcohol septal ablation, Circulation, 130, 1617, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011580 Miller, 2005, Influence of contrast agent dose and ultrasound exposure on cardiomyocyte injury induced by myocardial contrast echocardiography in rats, Radiology, 237, 137, 10.1148/radiol.2371041467 Zhu, 2015, Quantitative assessment of damage during MCET: a parametric study in a rodent model, J Ther Ultrasound, 3, 18, 10.1186/s40349-015-0039-2 Zhu, 2015, Characterization of macrolesions induced by myocardial cavitation-enabled therapy, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 62, 717, 10.1109/TBME.2014.2364263 Lu, 2015, Maturation of lesions induced by myocardial cavitation-enabled therapy, Ultrasound Med Biol, 1 El Masry, 2008, Alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, Curr Cardiol Rev, 4, 193, 10.2174/157340308785160561 Dickstein, 2010, 2010 Focused Update of ESC Guidelines on device therapy in heart failure, Eur Heart J, 31, 2677, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq337 Vukmir, 1993, Emergency cardiac pacing, Am J Emerg Med, 11, 166, 10.1016/0735-6757(93)90113-P Dalecki, 1993, Effects of pulsed ultrasound on the frog heart: II. An investigation of heating as a potential mechanism, Ultrasound Med Biol, 19, 391, 10.1016/0301-5629(93)90058-V Dalecki, 1993, Effects of pulsed ultrasound on the frog heart: I. Thresholds for changes in cardiac rhythm and aortic pressure, Ultrasound Med Biol, 19, 385, 10.1016/0301-5629(93)90057-U Kohut, 2016, The potential of ultrasound in cardiac pacing and rhythm modulation, Exp Rev Med Dev, 4440 Marquet, 2016, Non-invasive cardiac pacing with image-guided focused ultrasound, Sci Rep, 10.1038/srep36534 Pernot, 2004, 3-D real-time motion correction in high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy, Ultrasound Med Biol, 30, 1239, 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.07.021 N'Djin, 2015, An ultrasound image-based dynamic fusion modeling method for predicting the quantitative impact of in vivo liver motion on intraoperative HIFU therapies: investigations in a porcine model, PLoS ONE, 10, 10.1371/journal.pone.0137317