Efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in patients with an unsatisfactory response to loratadine

Inoue, 1983, Basic studies on antiallergy drug, 4-(p-chlorobenzyl)-2[N-methylperhydroazepinyl-(4)]-1-(2H)-phthalazinone hydrochloride (azelastine), Nichi Idaishi, 50, 65 Zechel, 1981, Pharmacological and toxicological properties of azelastine, a novel antiallergic agent, Arzneimittelforschung, 31, 1184 Chand, 1989, Inhibition of allergic and nonallergic leukotriene C4 formation and histamine secretion by azelastine: implication for its mechanism of action, Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 90, 67, 10.1159/000235002 Hamasaki, 1996, Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis by azelastine, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 76, 469, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63465-5 Matsumura, 1990, Inhibitory effects of azelastine on leukotriene B4, C4, and D4 release and production by bronchial asthmatic eosinophils, Respir Res, 9, 206 Shin, 1992, The effect of azelastine on the early allergic response, Clin Exp Allergy, 22, 289, 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03085.x Shinoda, 1997, Effects of antiallergic drugs on substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in nasal secretions, Am J Rhinol, 11, 237, 10.2500/105065897781751901 Nieber, 1993, Effect of azelastine on substance P content in bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage fluids of patients with allergic asthma, Clin Exp Allergy, 23, 69, 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb02486.x Ueta, 1995, Contrasting influence of peplomycin and azelastine hydrochloride (Azeptin) on reactive oxygen generation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, cytokine generation in lymphocytes, and collagen synthesis in fibroblasts, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 35, 230, 10.1007/BF00686553 Ito, 1998, Effects of azelastine on the level of serum interleukin-4 and soluble CD23 antigen in the treatment of nasal allergy, Arzneimittelforschung, 48, 1143 Ciprandi, 1996, Topical azelastine reduces eosinophil activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells: an antiallergic activity, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 98, 1088, 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)80196-5 Ratner, 1994, A double-blind, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 94, 818, 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90148-1 Storms, 1994, Effectiveness of azelastine nasal solution in seasonal allergic rhinitis, Ear Nose Throat J, 73, 382, 10.1177/014556139407300608 Weiler, 1994, A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and safety of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with an acute model, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 94, 972, 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90115-5 Meltzer, 1994, Azelastine nasal spray in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis, Ann Allergy, 72, 354 Banov, 2001, Vasomotor Rhinitis Study Groups. Efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of vasomotor (perennial nonallergic) rhinitis, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 86, 28, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62352-6 Dykewicz, 1998, Diagnosis and management of rhinitis: complete guidelines of the Joint Task Force on practice parameters in allergy, asthma and immunology, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 81, 478, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63155-9 Borres, 1997, How many teenagers think they have allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and what they do about it, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 78, 29, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63367-4 Heaton, 1998, The treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in managed care: the role of azelastine, 7 Physician Survey sponsored by American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; October 19–29, 2001. Available from: Harris Interactive Inc, Rochester, NY. Wang, 1997, Effect of topical applications of budesonide and azelastine on nasal symptoms, eosinophil count and mediator release in atopic patients after nasal allergen challenge during the pollen season, Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 114, 185, 10.1159/000237665 Berger, 2002, Desloratadine Study Group. Safety and efficacy of desloratadine 5 mg in asthma patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 89, 485, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62086-8 Wilson, 2002, Effects of fexofenadine and desloratadine on subjective and objective measures of nasal congestion in seasonal allergic rhinitis, Clin Exp Allergy, 32, 1504, 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01509.x Yanai, 1999, New findings in pharmacological effects induced by antihistamines: from PET studies to knock-out mice, Clin Exp Allergy, 29, 29, 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00008.x-i1