National Income Inequality and Declining GDP Growth Rates Are Associated with Increases in HIV Diagnoses among People Who Inject Drugs in Europe: A Panel Data Analysis

2012, HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe

L Wiessing, 2011, Trends in HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among injecting drug users in Europe, 2005 to 2010, Euro Surveill, 16, 20031, 10.2807/ese.16.48.20031-en

D Paraskevis, 2011, HIV-1 outbreak among injecting drug users in Greece, 2011: a preliminary report, Euro Surveill, 16, 19962, 10.2807/ese.16.36.19962-en

A Pharris, 2011, Human immunodeficiency virus in injecting drug users in Europe following a reported increase of cases in Greece and Romania, Euro Surveill, 16, 20032, 10.2807/ese.16.48.20032-en

2013, European Drug Report 2013: Trends and developments

M Karanikolos, 2013, Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe, Lancet, 381, 1323, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60102-6

SR Friedman, 2009, Theorizing “Big Events” as a potential risk environment for drug use, drug-related harm and HIV epidemic outbreaks, Int J Drug Policy, 20, 283, 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.10.006

T Rhodes, 2005, Transition and the HIV risk environment, The BMJ, 331, 220, 10.1136/bmj.331.7510.220

A Fotiou, 2012, An Updated brief report for the EMCDDA on the recent outbreak of HIV infections among drug injectors in Greece, 31 October 2012

A Botescu, 2012, Report of a recent outbreak and initial response policies

D Stuckler, 2011, Effects of the 2008 recession on health: a first look at European data, Lancet, 378, 124, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61079-9

S Bonovas, 2012, High-burden epidemics in Greece in the era of economic crisis. Early signs of a public health tragedy, J Prev Med Hyg, 53, 169

M Suhrcke, 2011, The impact of economic crises on communicable disease transmission and control: a systematic review of the evidence, PLOS One, 6, e20724, 10.1371/journal.pone.0020724

L Platt, 2013, HIV Epidemics in the European Region: Vulnerability and Response

SA Strathdee, 2010, HIV and risk environment for injecting drug users: the past, present, and future, Lancet, 376, 268, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60743-X

SR Friedman, 2001, 2000 Global Research Network Meeting on HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations. Third Annual Meeting Report. Durban, South Africa, July 5–7, 2000, 147

L Degenhardt, 2010, Prevention of HIV infection for people who inject drugs: why individual, structural, and combination approaches are needed, Lancet, 376, 285, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8

2011, Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Among People Who Inject Drugs

GJ MacArthur, 2014, Interventions to prevent HIV and Hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: A review of reviews to assess evidence of effectiveness, Int J Drug Policy, 25, 34, 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.07.001

SR Friedman, 2006, Relationships of deterrence and law enforcement to drug-related harms among drug injectors in US metropolitan areas, AIDS, 20, 93, 10.1097/01.aids.0000196176.65551.a3

D Paraskevis, 2013, Economic recession and emergence of an HIV-1 outbreak among drug injectors in Athens metropolitan area: a longitudinal study, PLOS One, 8, e78941, 10.1371/journal.pone.0078941

JE Suk, 2009, Wealth inequality and tuberculosis elimination in Europe, Emerg Infect Dis, 15, 1812, 10.3201/eid1511.090916

S Rabe-Hesketh, 2012, Volume II: Categorical Responses, Counts, and Survival

R Costanza, 2014, Development: time to leave GDP behind, Nature, 505, 283, 10.1038/505283a

J Lynch, 2004, Is income inequality a determinant of population health? Part 1. A systematic review, Milbank Q, 82, 5, 10.1111/j.0887-378X.2004.00302.x

CC Lin, 2002, A further study of life expectancy by socioeconomic factors in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, Ethn Dis, 13, 240

R Ram, 2005, Income inequality, poverty, and population health: evidence from recent data for the United States, Soc Sci Med, 61, 2568, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.038

KE Pickett, 2010, Inequality: an underacknowledged source of mental illness and distress, Br J Psychiatry, 197, 426, 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.072066

B Biggs, 2010, Is wealthier always healthier? The impact of national income level, inequality, and poverty on public health in Latin America, Soc Sci Med, 71, 266, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.002

G Holmqvist, 2009, Working Paper

Tsafack-Temah C. The Role of Income and Gender Inequalities in the Spread of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. PhD Dissertation. Clermont-Ferrand: Universite d’Auvergne; 2008.

SR Friedman, 2014, Do metropolitan HIV epidemic histories and programs for people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men predict AIDS incidence and mortality among heterosexuals?, Ann Epidemiol, 24, 304, 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.008

V Sypsa, 2015, Homelessness and other risk factors for HIV infection in the current outbreak among injection drug users in Athens, Greece, Am J Public Health, 105, 196, 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301656