Unexpected Echinococcus multilocularis infections in shepherd dogs and wolves in south-western Italian Alps: A new endemic area?

Alessandro Massolo1,2, Davide Valli1, Marion Wassermann3, Serena Cavallero4, Stefano D'Amelio4, Alberto Meriggi5, Elisa Torretta5, Matteo Serafini5, Adriano Casulli6,7, Laura Zambon1, Chiara Benedetta Boni1, Marika Ori5, Thomas Romig3, Fabio Macchioni8
1Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
2UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environment, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
3Institute of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
4Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
6WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Instituto Superiore di Sanita’, Rome, Italy
7European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Instituto Superiore di Sanita’, Rome, Italy
8Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Tài liệu tham khảo

Beck, 2018, First detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in Croatia, Parasitol. Res., 117, 617, 10.1007/s00436-017-5732-3 Casulli, 2009, Multi-locus microsatellite analysis supports the hypothesis of an autochthonous focus of Echinococcus multilocularis in northern Italy, Int. J. Parasitol., 39, 837, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.12.001 Combes, 2012, Westward spread of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes, France, 2005–2010, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 18, 2059, 10.3201/eid1812.120219 Conraths, 2015, Echinococcus multilocularis: epidemiology, surveillance and state-of-the-art diagnostics from a veterinary public health perspective, Vet. Parasitol., 213, 149, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.027 Deplazes, 2017, Chapter six - global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, 315, 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.11.001 Dinkel, 2004, A PCR system for detection of species and genotypes of the Echinococcus granulosus-complex, with reference to the epidemiological situation in eastern Africa, Int. J. Parasitol., 34, 645, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.12.013 EFSA, 2015, 129 FAO/WHO, 2014 Gori, 2015, The occurrence of taeniids of wolves in Liguria (northern Italy), Int. J. Parasitol.: Parasites and Wildlife, 4, 252 Guerra, 2014, Stability of the southern European border of Echinococcus multilocularis in the Alps: evidence that Microtus arvalis is a limiting factor, Parasitology, 1 Hüttner, 2008, Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the African lion, Int. J. Parasitol., 38, 861, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.10.013 Imbert, 2016, Why do wolves eat livestock?: Factors influencing wolf diet in northern Italy, Biol. Conserv., 195, 156, 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.01.003 Kern, 2017, Chapter four - the Echinococcoses: diagnosis, clinical management and burden of disease, 259, 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.09.006 Kumar, 2016, MEGA7: molecular Evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets, Mol. Biol. Evol., 33, 1870, 10.1093/molbev/msw054 Lalošević, 2016, Spreading of multilocular echinococcosis in southern Europe: the first record in foxes and jackals in Serbia, Vojvodina Province, Eur. J. Wildl. Res., 62, 793, 10.1007/s10344-016-1050-9 Magi, 2015, Extraintestinal nematodes of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in north-west Italy, J. Helminthol., 89, 506, 10.1017/S0022149X1400025X Marucco, 2017, Lo Status del lupo in Regione Piemonte, 151 Mathis, 1996, An improved test system for PCR-based specific detection of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs, J. Helminthol., 70, 219, 10.1017/S0022149X00015443 Moss, 2013, Reinfection studies of canine echinococcosis and role of dogs in transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan communities, Sichuan, China, Parasitology, 140, 1685, 10.1017/S0031182013001200 Oksanen, 2016, The geographical distribution and prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in animals in the European Union and adjacent countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Parasites Vectors, 9, 519, 10.1186/s13071-016-1746-4 Rinaldi, 2008, The role of cattle in the epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in an endemic area of southern Italy, Parasitol. Res., 103, 175, 10.1007/s00436-008-0948-x Romig, 2017, Chapter five - Ecology and life cycle patterns of Echinococcus species, 213, 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.11.002 Sindičić, 2011, Mitochondrial DNA control region as a tool for species identification and distinction between wolves and dogs from Croatia, Vet. Arh., 81, 249 Torgerson, 2010, The global burden of alveolar echinococcosis, PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 4, e722, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000722 Umhang, 2016, Retrospective analyses of fox feces by real-time PCR to identify new endemic areas of Echinococcus multilocularis in France, Parasitol. Res., 115, 4437, 10.1007/s00436-016-5220-1 Vaniscotte, 2011, Role of dog behaviour and environmental fecal contamination in transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan communities, Parasitology, 138, 1316, 10.1017/S0031182011000874 Veit, 1995, Influence of environmental factors on the infectivity of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs, Parasitology, 110, 79, 10.1017/S0031182000081075 Vuitton, 2015, Clinical epidemiology of human AE in Europe, Vet. Parasitol., 213, 110, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.036