A novel intervention on the inhibiting effects of Catunaregam spinosa induced free radical formation and DNA damage in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): a verdict for new perspectives on microorganism targeted vector control approach
Tóm tắt
Plant extracts prompting free radical formation causing DNA damage among especially symbiotic microorganisms of Aedes aegypti has not been extensively examined in previous studies. Here, investigated whether: (1) it was possible to reduce the vectorial capacity by eliminating the microbial consortia of Aedes aegypti larvae, (2) the excess formation of free radical could induce damages of genomic DNA and alter the morphological appearance of Aedes aegypti larvae, and (3) which are the probable mechanisms driving the death of mosquitoes that has been treated with phytochemicals. The toxicity of Catunaregam spinosa seed extracts on the microbial community of Aedes aegypti larvae was determined as previously described. The formation of free radicals was confirmed using the ammonium molybdate method. While the GCMS method was used to assess the phytochemical analysis and the DNA lysing potential. The petroleum ether, ethanol, acetone and water extracts of Catunaregam spinosa has exhibited potent toxicity towards Aedes aegypti larvea’s gut bacterial microbiota, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis with strong MIC values ranging from 0.07 mg/ml to 5.9 mg/ml. Plant extract induced free radical formations and oxidative damage to DNA. The presence of the bioactive element squalene justifies the insecticidal proprieties of Catunaregam spinosa extract. This study reflects the probable mechanisms underlying the lethal effect of Catunaregam spinosa extract on Aedes aegypti, and it potential as a novel biological vector control approach.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=J Phytopathol Pst; citation_title=Essential oil from the stem bark of Casuarina equisetifolia exhibits mosquitocidal potential; citation_author=C Adeosun, I Bamidele, A Ayorinde; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=53-62; citation_id=CR1
AhbiRami R, Zuharah WF, Thiagaletchumi M, Subramaniam S, Sundarasekar J (2014) Larvicidal efficacy of different plant parts of railway creeper, Ipomoea cairica extract against dengue vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J Insect Sci 14.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieu042
citation_journal_title=Toxicol Environ Chem; citation_title=Efficacy of Ruta graveolens extract and its synergistic effect with cypermethrin against Anopheles stephensi Liston larvae; citation_author=A-A Aivazi, V Vijayan; citation_volume=92; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=893-890; citation_doi=10.1080/02772240903092306; citation_id=CR3
citation_journal_title=J Sci Eng; citation_title=Phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of Rumex nervosus natural populations grown in Sarawat Mountains Kingdom of Saudi Arab; citation_author=NA Yahya, SA Alrumman, MF Moustafa; citation_volume=43; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=3465-3476; citation_doi=10.1007/s13369-018-3136-z; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=J Commun Disord; citation_title=Laboratory selection of carbofuran tolerant line of Culex quinquefasciatus say, the filarial vector at Mysore; citation_author=E Aneesh, V Vijayan; citation_volume=42; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=201-207; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=SOJ Microbiol Infect Dis; citation_title=Screening of a few traditionally used medicinal plants for their larvicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti Linn (diptera: culicidae), a dengue fever vector; citation_author=AN Anoopkumar, S Puthur, S Rebello, EM Aneesh; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=1-5; citation_doi=10.15226/sojmid/5/4/00181; citation_id=CR6
Anoopkumar AN, Puthur S, Varghese P, Rebello S, Aneesh EM (2017b) Life cycle, bio-ecology and DNA barcoding of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). J Commun Disord 49.
https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.201719
Anoopkumar AN, Puthur S, Rebello S, Aneesh EM (2019) Molecular characterization of Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Armigeres vector mosquitoes inferred by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequence analysis. Biologia:1–14.
https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-019-00231-0
Anoopkumar AN, Aneesh EM, Sudhikumar AV (2020) Exploring the mode of action of isolated bioactive compounds by induced reactive oxygen species generation in Aedes aegypti: a microbes based double-edged weapon to fight against Arboviral diseases. Int J Trop Insect Sci 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00104-z
citation_journal_title=J Biofertil Biopestici; citation_title=Larvicidal and adulticidal effects of extracts from some indigenous plants against the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ethiopia; citation_author=D Bekele, B Petros, H Tekie, Z Asfaw; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=1; citation_doi=10.4172/2155-6202.1000144; citation_id=CR10
citation_journal_title=Int J Trop Insect Sci; citation_title=Activity of Turkish medicinal plants against mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae; citation_author=WS Bowers, B Sener, PH Evans, F Bingol, I Erdogan; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=339-341; citation_doi=10.1017/S1742758400019299; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=Bioorg Med Chem Lett; citation_title=New natural products as new leads for antibacterial drug discovery; citation_author=DG Brown, T Lister, TL May-Dracka; citation_volume=24; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=413-418; citation_doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.059; citation_id=CR12
citation_journal_title=J Ethnopharmacol; citation_title=Minimum inhibitory concentrations of medicinal plants used in northern Peru as antibacterial remedies; citation_author=R Bussmann; citation_volume=132; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=101-108; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.048; citation_id=CR13
Chaitanya R, Shashank K, Sridevi P (2016) Oxidative stress in invertebrate systems. In: Free Radicals and Diseases InTech
https://doi.org/10.5772/64573
citation_journal_title=Bioresour Technol; citation_title=Variations in insecticidal activity and chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from Cryptomeria japonica at different ages; citation_author=S-S Cheng, M-T Chua, E-H Chang, C-G Huang, W-J Chen, S-T Chang; citation_volume=100; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=465-470; citation_doi=10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.060; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=Clin Chim Acta; citation_title=Does measurement of oxidative damage to DNA have clinical significance?; citation_author=MS Cooke, R Olinski, MD Evans; citation_volume=365; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=30-49; citation_doi=10.1016/j.cca.2005.09.009; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=Sci Rep; citation_title=Whole metagenome sequencing reveals links between mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance in malaria vectors; citation_author=N Dada, M Sheth, K Liebman, J Pinto, A Lenhart; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=2084; citation_doi=10.1038/s41598-018-20367-4; citation_id=CR17
citation_journal_title=BMC Genomics; citation_title=The midgut transcriptome of Aedes aegypti fed with saline or protein meals containing chikungunya virus reveals genes potentially involved in viral midgut escape; citation_author=S Dong, SK Behura, AW Franz; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=382; citation_doi=10.1186/s12864-017-3775-6; citation_id=CR18
Ertas A, Yilmaz MA, Firat M (2014) Chemical profile by LC–MS/MS, GC/MS and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and crude extracts of two species. Nat Prod Res 29(6):529–534
citation_journal_title=PLoS One; citation_title=Physiological and morphological aspects of Aedes aegypti developing larvae: effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron; citation_author=LC Farnesi, JM Brito, JG Linss, M Pelajo-Machado, D Valle, GL Rezende; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030363; citation_id=CR20
citation_journal_title=Nutr Cancer; citation_title=Oxidative stress and carcinogenesis: potential of phytochemicals in breast cancer therapy; citation_author=GE Forcados, DB James, AB Sallau, A Muhammad, P Mabeta; citation_volume=69; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=365-374; citation_doi=10.1080/01635581.2017.1267777; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=Indian J Med Res; citation_title=Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides; citation_author=A Ghosh, N Chowdhury, G Chandra; citation_volume=135; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=581; citation_id=CR22
citation_journal_title=Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci; citation_title=Mosquito larvicidal efficacy of the leaf extracts of Annona reticulata against Aedes aegypti; citation_author=B Govindarajulu, A Srimathi, R Bhuvana, J Karthikeyan; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=132-140; citation_doi=10.5376/jmr.2015.05.0019; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=Turk J Biol; citation_title=The antioxidant and DNA protection potential of Indian tribal medicinal plants; citation_author=G Guha, V Rajkumar, L Mathew, RA Kumar; citation_volume=35; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=233-242; citation_doi=10.3906/biy-0906-64; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_title=A direct role for dual oxidase in Drosophila gut immunity; citation_author=E-M Ha, C-T Oh, YS Bae, W-J Lee; citation_volume=310; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=847-850; citation_doi=10.1126/science.111731; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=BMC Public Health; citation_title=Malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western Kenya: preliminary findings of a controlled study; citation_author=AF Howard, G Zhou, FX Omlin; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=199; citation_doi=10.1186/1471-2458-7-199; citation_id=CR26
citation_journal_title=PLoS One; citation_title=The antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles in Bacillus subtilis are mediated by released Ag+ ions; citation_author=Y-H Hsueh, K-S Lin, W-J Ke, C-T Hsieh, C-L Chiang, D-Y Tzou, S-T Liu; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=e0144306; citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0144306; citation_id=CR27
citation_journal_title=BMC Res Notes; citation_title=Solvent effects on phytochemical constituent profiles and antioxidant activities, using four different extraction formulations for analysis of Bucida buceras L. and Phoradendron californicum; citation_author=SB Iloki-Assanga, LM Lewis-Luján, CL Lara-Espinoza, AA Gil-Salido, D Fernandez-Angulo, JL Rubio-Pino, DD Haines; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=396; citation_doi=10.1186/s13104-015-1388-1; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=Med Mal Infect; citation_title=Current Zika virus epidemiology and recent epidemics; citation_author=S Ioos, H-P Mallet, IL Goffart, V Gauthier, T Cardoso, M Herida; citation_volume=44; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=302-307; citation_doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2014.04.008; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=Antioxid Redox Signal; citation_title=Redefining oxidative stress; citation_author=DP Jones; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=1865-1879; citation_doi=10.1089/ars.2006.8.1865; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=J Nat Med; citation_title=Potential anti-dengue medicinal plants: a review; citation_author=SLA Kadir, H Yaakob, RM Zulkifli; citation_volume=67; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=677-689; citation_doi=10.1007/s11418-013-0767-y; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=Ann N Y Acad Sci; citation_title=Mechanism of telomere shortening by oxidative stress; citation_author=S Kawanishi, S Oikawa; citation_volume=1019; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=278-284; citation_doi=10.1196/annals.1297.047; citation_id=CR32
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; citation_title=Symbiont-mediated insecticide resistance; citation_author=Y Kikuchi, M Hayatsu, T Hosokawa, A Nagayama, K Tago, T Fukatsu; citation_volume=109; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=8622; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.1200231109; citation_id=CR33
citation_journal_title=Kerala: Rese Signpost; citation_title=A review on natural products with mosquitosidal potentials. Opportunity, challenge and scope of natural products in medicinal chemistry; citation_author=N Kishore, BB Mishra, VK Tiwari, V Tripathi; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=335-365; citation_id=CR34
citation_journal_title=Int J Mol Sci; citation_title=Hormonal regulation of response to oxidative stress in insects—an update; citation_author=D Kodrík, A Bednářová, M Zemanová, N Krishnan; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=25788-25816; citation_doi=10.3390/ijms161025788; citation_id=CR35
citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci; citation_title=The role of reactive oxygen species on Plasmodium melanotic encapsulation in Anopheles gambiae; citation_author=S Kumar; citation_volume=100; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=14139-14144; citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0057014; citation_id=CR36
citation_journal_title=Parasitol Res; citation_title=Mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum (family: Solanaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis, against Culex quinquefasciatus say (Diptera: Culicidae); citation_author=PM Kumar, K Murugan, K Kovendan, J Subramaniam, D Amaresan; citation_volume=110; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=2541-2550; citation_doi=10.1007/s00436-011-2797-2; citation_id=CR37
citation_journal_title=Annu Rev Entomol; citation_title=Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: impact, mechanisms, and research directions; citation_author=N Liu; citation_volume=60; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=537-559; citation_doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020828; citation_id=CR38
citation_journal_title=Parasit Vectors; citation_title=Larvicidal efficacy of Cryptomeria japonica leaf essential oils against Anopheles gambiae; citation_author=FP Mdoe, S-S Cheng, L Lyaruu, G Nkwengulila, S-T Chang, EJ Kweka; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=426; citation_doi=10.1186/1756-3305-7-426; citation_id=CR39
citation_journal_title=Saudi J Biol Sci; citation_title=Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases; citation_author=AA Mostafa, AA Al-Askar, KS Almaary, TM Dawoud, EN Sholkamy, MM Bakri; citation_volume=25; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=361-366; citation_doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.02.004; citation_id=CR40
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_title=Essential role for the peroxiredoxin Prdx1 in erythrocyte antioxidant defence and tumour suppression; citation_author=CA Neumann, DS Krause, CV Carman, S Das, DP Dubey, JL Abraham, RT Bronson, Y Fujiwara, SH Orkin, RA Etten; citation_volume=424; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=561; citation_doi=10.1038/nature01819; citation_id=CR41
citation_journal_title=Acad J Biotechnol; citation_title=Synthetic insecticides, phytochemicals and mosquito resistance; citation_author=OF Nwabor, EI Nnamonu, MP Emenike, O Odiachi; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=118-125; citation_doi=10.15413/ajb.2017.239; citation_id=CR42
citation_journal_title=Insect Biochem Mol; citation_title=Energy metabolism affects susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection; citation_author=JHM Oliveira, RL Gonçalves, GA Oliveira, PL Oliveira, MF Oliveira, C Barillas-Mury; citation_volume=41; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=349-355; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.02.001; citation_id=CR43
citation_journal_title=Int J Pharm Bio Sci; citation_title=Primary phytochemical studies of Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb) Tirven for secondary metabolites; citation_author=MB Patil, PA Khan; citation_volume=8; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=320-323; citation_doi=10.22376/ijpbs.2017.8.2.p320-323; citation_id=CR44
citation_journal_title=Anal Biochem; citation_title=Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E; citation_author=P Prieto, M Pineda, M Aguilar; citation_volume=269; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=337-341; citation_doi=10.1006/abio.1999.4019; citation_id=CR45
Puthur S, Anoopkumar A N, Rebello S, Aneesh EM (2018) Hypericum japonicum: a Double-Headed Sword to Combat Vector Control and Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotech 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-018-2713-7
citation_journal_title=Environ Sustain; citation_title=Synergistic control of storage pest rice weevil using Hypericum japonicum and deltamethrin combinations: a key to combat pesticide resistance; citation_author=S Puthur, AN Anoopkumar, S Rebello, EM Aneesh; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=411-417; citation_doi=10.1007/s42398-019-00086-w; citation_id=CR47
citation_journal_title=Bioresour Technol Rep; citation_title=Zinc oxide phytase nanocomposites as contributory tools to improved thermostability and shelflife; citation_author=S Rebello, AN Anoopkumar, S Puthur, R Sindhu, P Binod, A Pandey, EM Aneesh; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=1-6; citation_doi=10.1016/j.biteb.2018.05.007; citation_id=CR48
Rebello S, Balakrishnan D, Anoopkumar AN, Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey A, Aneesh EM (2019a) Industrial enzymes as feed supplements—advantages to nutrition and global environment. In: Green Bio-processes. Springer, pp 293–304.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3263-0_15
Rebello, S., Anoopkumar, AN., Aneesh, E. M., Sindhu, R., Binod, P., & Pandey, A. (2019b). Sustainability and life cycle assessments of lignocellulosic and algal pretreatments. Bioresour Technol 122678.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122678
citation_journal_title=Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz; citation_title=Microbial control of arthropod-borne disease; citation_author=MA Saldaña, S Hegde, GL Hughes; citation_volume=112; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=81-93; citation_doi=10.1590/0074-02760160373; citation_id=CR51
citation_journal_title=Pak J Bot; citation_title=Host plant resistance relationshiphs in chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.) against gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera hubner; citation_author=M Sarwar, N Ahmad, M Toufiq; citation_volume=41; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=3047-3052; citation_id=CR52
Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Pessarakli M (2012) Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. J Bot.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/217037
.
citation_journal_title=Neuroscience; citation_title=Increased macromolecular damage due to oxidative stress in the neocortex and hippocampus of WNIN/Ob, a novel rat model of premature aging; citation_author=JK Sinha, S Ghosh, U Swain, NV Giridharan, M Raghunath; citation_volume=269; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=256-264; citation_doi=10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.040; citation_id=CR54
Souza VM (2016) Identifying Aedes aegypti mosquitoes by sensors and one-class classifiers. In: Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition. Springer, pp 10–18.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52277-7_2
.
citation_journal_title=Int J Drug Dev; citation_title=Anti-oxidant property of ethanolic extract of Catunaregam spinosa Thunb; citation_author=S Surabhi, S Leelavathi; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=399-403; citation_id=CR56
citation_journal_title=J Vector Borne Dis; citation_title=Chemical composition and larvicidal activities of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) against three mosquito vectors; citation_author=M Tiwary, S Naik, DK Tewary, P Mittal, S Yadav; citation_volume=44; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=198; citation_id=CR57
citation_journal_title=Braz J Microbiol; citation_title=Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products; citation_author=C Valgas, S SMD, EF Smânia, A Smânia; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=369-380; citation_doi=10.1590/S1517-83822007000200034; citation_id=CR58
citation_journal_title=Plos Neglect Trop D; citation_title=Both living bacteria and eukaryotes in the mosquito gut promote growth of larvae; citation_author=L Valzania, VG Martinson, RE Harrison, BM Boyd, KL Coon, MR Brown, MR Strand; citation_volume=12; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006638; citation_id=CR59
citation_journal_title=PLoS One; citation_title=Zika virus infection modulates the bacterial diversity associated with Aedes aegypti as revealed by metagenomic analysis; citation_author=LE Villegas; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0190352; citation_id=CR60
citation_journal_title=Plos Negl Trop D; citation_title=Transcriptome sequencing reveals large-scale changes in axenic Aedes aegypti larvae; citation_author=KJ Vogel, L Valzania, KL Coon, MR Brown, MR Strand; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005273; citation_id=CR61
citation_journal_title=PLoS One; citation_title=Antibacterial activity of tannins isolated from Sapium baccatum extract and use for control of tomato bacterial wilt; citation_author=TT Vu, H Kim, VK Tran, HD Vu, TX Hoang, JW Han, YH Choi, KS Jang, GJ Choi, JC Kim; citation_volume=12; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0181499; citation_id=CR62
citation_journal_title=J Clin Pathol; citation_title=A routine method for embedding animal tissues in Spurr resin for electron microscopy; citation_author=M Wallis, R Griffin; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=1973; citation_pages=77; citation_doi=10.1136/jcp.26.1.77; citation_id=CR63
WHO (2005) World Health Organization. Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides Geneva: World Health Organization:p 1–41.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69101
citation_journal_title=Nat Protoc; citation_title=Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances; citation_author=I Wiegand, K Hilpert, RE Hancock; citation_volume=3; citation_issue=163; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=175; citation_doi=10.1038/nprot.2007.521; citation_id=CR65
World Health Organization (2017) Global vector control response 2017–2030 Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available at:
https://www.who.int/vector-control/publications/global-control-response/en/
. (Last Accessed on 01-04-2020)
citation_journal_title=Parasit Vectors; citation_title=Molecular characterization of midgut microbiota of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti from Arunachal Pradesh, India; citation_author=KK Yadav, A Bora, S Datta, K Chandel, HK Gogoi, G Prasad, V Veer; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=641; citation_doi=10.1186/s13071-015-1252-0; citation_id=CR67