Alcohol Drinking Patterns Differentially Affect Central Adiposity as Measured by Abdominal Height in Women and Men

Yano, 1977, Coffee, alcohol and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese men living in Hawaii, N. Engl. J. Med, 297, 405, 10.1056/NEJM197708252970801 Marmot, 1981, Alcohol and mortality, a U-shaped curve, Lancet, 1, 580, 10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92032-8 Klatsky, 1982, Alcohol use and cardiovascular disease: the Kaiser-Permanente experience, Circulation, 64, 32 Kozarevic, 1982, Drinking habits and coronary heart disease. The Yugoslavia Cardiovascular Disease Study, Am. J. Epidemiol, 116, 748, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113464 Thun, 1997, Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly US adults, N. Engl. J. Med, 337, 1705, 10.1056/NEJM199712113372401 Stampfer, 1988, A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women, N. Engl. J. Med, 319, 267, 10.1056/NEJM198808043190503 Kuller, 1991, Epidemiologic data. In: Alcohol and Atherosclerosis (Steinberg, D., moderator), Ann. Int. Med, 114, 967 Puddey, 1999, Influence of pattern of drinking on cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors—a review, Addiction, 94, 649, 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.9456493.x Murray, 2002, Alcohol volume, drinking pattern and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: is there a U-shaped function?, Am. J. Epidemiol, 155, 242, 10.1093/aje/155.3.242 Mukamal, 2003, Roles of drinking pattern and type of alcohol consumed in coronary heart disease in men, N. Engl. J. Med, 348, 109, 10.1056/NEJMoa022095 Castelli, 1977, Alcohol and blood lipids, Lancet, 2, 153, 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)90176-3 Ernst, 1980, The association of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol with dietary intake and alcohol consumption: The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study, Circulation, 62, 41 Kuller, 1983, Environmental determinants, liver function and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, Am. J. Epidemiol, 117, 406, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113559 Langer, 1992, Lipoproteins and blood pressure as biological pathways for effect of moderate alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease, Circulation, 85, 910, 10.1161/01.CIR.85.3.910 Meade, 1979, Characteristics affecting fibinolytic activity and plasma fibrinogen concentrations, Br. Med. J. [Clinical Research Edition], 1, 153, 10.1136/bmj.1.6157.153 Mikhailidus, 1983, Effect of ethanol on vascular prostacyclin (prostaglandin I-2) synthesis, platelet aggregation and platelet thromboxane release, Br. Med. J, 287, 1495, 10.1136/bmj.287.6404.1495 Moore, 1986, Moderate alcohol consumption and coronary artery disease, Medicine, 65, 242, 10.1097/00005792-198607000-00004 Frankel, 1993, Inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein by phenolic substances in red wine, Lancet, 341, 454, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90206-V Razay, 1992, Alcohol consumption and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors in British women, Br. Med. J, 304, 80, 10.1136/bmj.304.6819.80 Lazarus, 1997, Alcohol intake and insulin levels. The Normative Aging Study, Am. J. Epidemiol, 145, 909, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009050 Kiechel, 1996, Insulin sensitivity and regular alcohol consumption: large, prospective, cross sectional population study (Bruneck study), Br. Med. J, 313, 1040, 10.1136/bmj.313.7064.1040 Slattery, 1992, Association of body fat and its distribution with dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking in blacks and whites, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 55, 943, 10.1093/ajcn/55.5.943 Sakurai, 1997, Relation of total and beverage-specific alcohol intake to body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio: a study of self-defense officials in Japan, Eur. J. Epidemiol, 13, 893, 10.1023/A:1007416322031 Rose, 1998, Genetic and behavioral determinants of waist-hip ratio and waist circumference in women twins, Obes. Res, 6, 383, 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00369.x Haffner, 1986, Upper body and centralized adiposity in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites: relationships to body mass index and other behavioral and demographic variables, Int. J. Obes, 10, 493 Kaye, 1990, The association of body fat distribution with lifestyle and reproductive factors in a population study of postmenopausal women, Int. J. Obes, 14, 583 Dallongeville, 1998, Influence of alcohol consumption and various beverages on waist girth and waist-to-hip ratio in a sample of French men and women, Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 22, 1178, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800744 Lapidus, 1989, Obesity, adipose tissue distribution and health in women—results from a population study in Gothenburg, Sweden, Appetite, 13, 25, 10.1016/0195-6663(89)90024-X Kahn, 1993, Choosing an index for abdominal obesity: an opportunity for epidemiologic clarification, J. Clin. Epidemiol, 46, 491, 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90027-X Pouliot, 1994, Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric index of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women, Am. J. Cardiol, 73, 460, 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90676-9 van der Kooy, 1993, Abdominal diameters as indicators of visceral fat: comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometry, Br. J. Nutr, 70, 47, 10.1079/BJN19930104 Kvist, 1988, Total and visceral adipose-tissue volumes derived from measurements with computed tomography in adult men and women: predictive equations, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 48, 1351, 10.1093/ajcn/48.6.1351 Russell, 1997, Test-retest reliability of the cognitive lifetime drinking history, Am. J. Epidemiol, 146, 975, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009225 Sallis, 1985, Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project, Am. J. Epidemiol, 121, 91, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113987 Block, 1986, A data-based approach to diet questionnaire design and testing, Am. J. Epidemiol, 124, 453, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114416 SAS Institute Inc. (1999–2001) The SAS System for Windows, Release 8.2 (TS2M0), Cary, NC. Vague, 1956, The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: a factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout and uric calculus disease, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 4, 20, 10.1093/ajcn/4.1.20 Lapidus, 1984, Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenberf Sweden, Br. Med. J, 289, 1257, 10.1136/bmj.289.6454.1257 Donahue, 1987, Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men, Lancet, i, 821, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91605-9 Despres, 1990, Regional distribution of body fat, plasma lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease, Arteriosclerosis, 10, 497, 10.1161/01.ATV.10.4.497 Folsom, 1993, Body fat distribution and 5-year risk of death in older women, J. Am. Med. Assoc, 269, 483, 10.1001/jama.1993.03500040049035 Larsson, B. (1988) Fat distribution and risk for death, myocardial infarction and stroke. In: Fat Distribution During Growth and Later Health Outcomes (Bouchard C. & Johnston F. E., eds.), pp. 193–201. Alan R. Liss, New York, NY. Larsson, 1984, Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 13-year follow-up of participants in the Study of Men Born in 1913, Br. Med. J, 288, 1401, 10.1136/bmj.288.6428.1401 Kaplan, 1989, The deadly quartet: upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension, Arch. Intern. Med, 149, 1514, 10.1001/archinte.1989.00390070054005 Kissebah, 1982, Relation of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab, 54, 254, 10.1210/jcem-54-2-254 Krotkiewski, 1983, Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution, J. Clin. Investig, 72, 1150, 10.1172/JCI111040 Bouchard, 1990, Basic and clinical aspects of regional fat distribution, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 52, 946, 10.1093/ajcn/52.5.946 Bjorntorp, 1988, The associations between obesity, adipose tissue distribution and disease, Acta Med. Scand. Suppl, 723, 121 Okosun, 1999, The relation of central adiposity to components of the insulin resistance syndrome in a biracial US population sample, Ethn. Dis, 9, 218 Lapidus, 1988, Regional obesity as a health hazard in women-a prospective study, Acta Med. Scand. Suppl, 723, 53 Higgins, 1988, Hazards of obesity—The Framingham Experience, Acta Med. Scand. Suppl, 723, 23 Rexrode, 2001, Abdominal and total adiposity and risk of coronary heart disease in men, Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 25, 1047, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801615 Salans, 1968, The role of adipose cell size and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in the carbohydrate intolerance of human obesity, J. Clin. Investig, 47, 153, 10.1172/JCI105705 Bjorntorp, 1994, Fatty acids, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance: which comes first?, Curr. Opin. Lipidol, 5, 166, 10.1097/00041433-199405030-00003 Bjorntorp, 1990, ‘Portal’ adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, Arteriosclerosis, 10, 493, 10.1161/01.ATV.10.4.493 Evans, 1984, Relationship between skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and insulin binding: effects of obesity and body fat topography, J. Clin. Investig, 74, 1515, 10.1172/JCI111565 Seidell, 1997, Visceral fat in relation to health: is it a major culprit or simply an innocent bystander?, Int. J. Obes, 21, 626, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800467 Laws, 1990, Behavioral covariates of waist-to-hip ratio in Rancho Bernardo, Am. J. Public Health, 80, 1358, 10.2105/AJPH.80.11.1358 Flanagan, 2000, Alcohol consumption and insulin resistance in young adults, Eur. J. Clin. Investig, 30, 297, 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00624.x McCann, 2003, Alcoholic beverage preference and characteristics of drinkers and nondrinkers in western New York (United States), Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis, 13, 2, 10.1016/S0939-4753(03)80162-X McCann, 1999, Recent alcohol intake as estimated by the Health Habits and History Food Frequency Questionnaire; The Harvard Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and a more detailed alcohol intake questionnaire, Am. J. Epidemiol, 150, 334, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010012