Agglomeration in an innovative and differentiated industry with heterogeneous knowledge spillovers
Tóm tắt
This paper introduces an agent-based simulation model to study the technological development, the economic performance of firms and the evolution of agglomerations in a differentiated industry. The analysis is based on the interaction and behavior of firms, which might share knowledge but at the same time are competitors on the goods markets. Firms do not only compete with quantities they can also introduce process and product innovations. The level of knowledge of a firm describes the capabilities to perform innovations. Knowledge can be accumulated by investing in R&D and by knowledge spillover, which depend on geographical and technological proximity. Simulation runs show that there is an incentive to agglomerate in young industries and that geographical proximity enhances innovation, especially the number of product innovations.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Asheim B, Gertler M (2005) The geography of innovation: regional innovation systems. In: Fagerberg J, Mowery DC, Nelson RR (eds). The Oxford handbook of innovation, chapter,11. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 291–317
Audretsch DB, Feldman MP (1996) Innovative clusters and the industry life cycle. Rev Ind Organ 11(2):253–273
Baptista R, Swann P (1998) Do firms in clusters innovate more?. Res Policy 27(5):525–540
Beaudry C, Breschi S (2003) Are firms in clusters really more innovative? Econ Innov New Technol 12(4):325–342
Boschma RA (2005) Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment. Reg Stud 39(1):61–74
Brenner T (2001) Simulating the evolution of localised industrial clusters – an identification of the basic mechanisms. J of Artif Soc Soc Simul 4(3) http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/4/3/4.html
Caniëls MC, Verspagen B (2001) Barriers to knowledge spillovers and regional convergence in an evolutionary model. J Evolut Econ 11(3):307–329
Cantner U, Pyka A (1998a) Absorbing technological spillovers, simulations in an evolutionary framework. Ind Corporate Change 7(2):369–397
Cantner U, Pyka A (1998b) Technological evolution – an analysis within the knowledge-based approach. Struct Change Econ Dyn 9(1):85–107
Cohen WM, Levinthal DA (1989) Innovation and learning: the two faces of r&d. Econ J 99(397):569–596
Cohen WM, Levinthal DA (1990) Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Adm Sci Q 35(1):128–152
Dawid H (2006) Agent-based models of innovation and technological change. In: Tesfatsion L, Judd K, Intriligator MD, Arrow K (eds) Handbook of computational economics, vol 2: Agent-based computational economics, chapter 25. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 1235–1272
Dawid H, Reimann M (2005a) Diversification: a road to inefficiency in product innovations? Working Paper, University of Bielefeld
Dawid H, Reimann M (2005b) Evaluating market attractiveness: Individual incentives vs. industrial profitability. Comput Econ 24(4):321–355
Dawid H, Wersching K (2006) On technological specialization in industrial clusters: an agent-based analysis. In: Rennard J-P (ed) Handbook of research on nature inspired computing for economics and management, vol 1, chapter 25. Idea Group Reference (forthcoming)
Dixit A (1988) A general model of r&d competition and policy. RAND J Econ 19(3):317–326
Dosi G. (1988). Sources, procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation. J Econ Lit 26(3):1120–1171
Gilbert N, Pyka A, Ahrweiler P (2001) Innovation networks – a simulation approach. J Artif Soc Soc Simul 4(3) http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/4/3/8.html
Jonard N, Yildizoglu M (1998) Technological diversity in an evolutionary industry model with localized learning and network externalities. Struct Change Econ Dyn 9(1):33–51
Keilbach MC (2000) Spatial knowledge spillovers and the dynamics of agglomeration and regional growth. Contributions to Economics. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg
Krugman P (1991) Increasing returns and economic geography. J Polit Econ 99(3):483–499
Llerena P, Oltra V (2002) Diversity of innovative strategy as a source of technological performance. Struct Change Econ Dyn 13(2):179–201
Meagher K, Rogers M (2004). Network density and R&D spillovers. J Econ Behav Organ 53(2):237–260
Nelson RR, Winter SG (1982) An evolutionary theory of economic change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, London
Nooteboom B (2000) Learning and innovation in organizations and economies. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Reinganum JF (1983) Uncertain innovation and the persistence of monopoly. Am Econ Rev 73(4):741–748
Salop SC (1979) Monopolistic competition with outside goods. Bell J Econ 10(1):141–156
Shaver JM, Flyer F (2000) Agglomeration economies, firm heterogeneity, and foreign direct investment in the United States. Strateg Manage J 21:1175–1193
Verspagen B (1993) Uneven growth between interdependent economies. Avebury, Aldershot
Zhang J (2003) Growing silicon valley on a landscape: an agent-based approach to high-technology industrial clusters. J Evolut Econ 13(5):529–548