Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: a review

Atmospheric Environment - Tập 37 - Trang 197-219 - 2003
Roger Atkinson1,2,3, Janet Arey1,4,3
1Air Pollution Research Center, 201 Fawcett Laboratory, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
2Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
3Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
4Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Alvarado, 1998, Products of the gas-phase reactions of O(3P) atoms and O3 with α-pinene and 1,2-dimethyl-1-cyclohexene, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 25541, 10.1029/98JD00524 Alvarado, 1998, Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of OH and NO3 radicals and O3 with the monoterpene reaction products pinonaldehyde, caronaldehyde, and sabinaketone, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 31, 281, 10.1023/A:1006010915971 Alvarado, 1999, Products and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals and O3 with 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 2893, 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00106-5 Arey, 1990, Product study of the gas-phase reactions of monoterpenes with the OH radical in the presence of NOx, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 18539, 10.1029/JD095iD11p18539 Aschmann, 1994, Formation yields of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein from the gas-phase reaction of O3 with isoprene, Environmental Science and Technology, 28, 1539, 10.1021/es00057a025 Aschmann, 1996, OH radical formation from the gas-phase reactions of O3 with methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 2939, 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00013-1 Aschmann, 1997, Products of the gas-phase reactions of cis-3-hexen-1-ol with OH radicals and O3, Atmospheric Environment, 31, 3551, 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00205-7 Aschmann, 1998, Products of the gas-phase reactions of the OH radical with α- and β-pinene in the presence of NO, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 25553, 10.1029/98JD01676 Aschmann, S.M., Atkinson, R., Arey, J., 2002a. Products of reaction of OH radicals with α-pinene. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (D14) 10.1029/2001JD001098, ACH 6-1 to 6-7. Aschmann, 2002, OH radical formation from the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of terpenes, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 4347, 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00355-2 Atkinson, 1991, Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the NO3 radical with organic compounds, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 20, 459, 10.1063/1.555887 Atkinson, 1994, Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Monograph, 2, 1 Atkinson, 1997, Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of volatile organic compounds, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 26, 215, 10.1063/1.556012 Atkinson, 1997, Atmospheric reactions of alkoxy and β-hydroxyalkoxy radicals, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 29, 99, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:2<99::AID-KIN3>3.0.CO;2-F Atkinson, 2000, Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 2063, 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00460-4 Atkinson, 1998, Atmospheric chemistry of biogenic organic compounds, Accounts of Chemical Research, 31, 574, 10.1021/ar970143z Atkinson, 1993, Atmospheric chemistry of the monoterpene reaction products nopinone, camphenilone, and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 16, 337, 10.1007/BF01032629 Atkinson, 1983, Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with a series of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls at 299±2K, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 15, 75, 10.1002/kin.550150108 Atkinson, 1986, Estimation of night-time N2O5 concentrations from ambient NO2 and NO3 radical concentrations and the role of N2O5 in night-time chemistry, Atmospheric Environment, 20, 331, 10.1016/0004-6981(86)90035-1 Atkinson, 1989, Formation of 3-methylfuran from the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with isoprene and the rate constant for its reaction with the OH radical, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 21, 593, 10.1002/kin.550210709 Atkinson, 1990, Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of monoterpenes and related compounds at 296±2K, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 22, 871, 10.1002/kin.550220807 Atkinson, 1992, Formation of OH radicals in the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of terpenes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 6065, 10.1029/92JD00062 Atkinson, 1994, Formation of O(3P) atoms and epoxides from the gas-phase reaction of O3 with isoprene, Research in Chemical Intermediates, 20, 385, 10.1163/156856794X00388 Atkinson, 1995, Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenylacetate, trans-2-hexenal, and linalool with OH and NO3 radicals and O3 at 296±2K, and OH radical formation yields from the O3 reactions, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 27, 941, 10.1002/kin.550271002 Atkinson, 1999, Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry, organic species, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 28, 191, 10.1063/1.556048 Baker, 2002, Reactions of stabilized Criegee intermediates from the gas-phase reactions of O3 with selected alkenes, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 34, 73, 10.1002/kin.10022 Barnes, 1990, Kinetics and products of the reactions of NO3 with monoalkenes, dialkenes, and monoterpenes, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 94, 2413, 10.1021/j100369a041 Becker, 1990, Production of hydrogen peroxide in forest air by reaction of ozone with terpenes, Nature, 346, 256, 10.1038/346256a0 Becker, 1993, Studies on the formation of H2O2 in the ozonolysis of alkenes, Atmospheric Environment, 27A, 57, 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90070-F Benjamin, 1997, A spacially and temporally resolved biogenic hydrocarbon emissions inventory for the California South Coast Air Basin, Atmospheric Environment, 31, 3087, 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00014-9 Benkelberg, 2000, Product distributions from the OH radical-induced oxidation of but-1-ene, methyl-substituted but-1-enes and isoprene in NOX-free air, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2, 4029, 10.1039/b002053m Berndt, 1997, Gas-phase reaction of NO3 radicals with isoprene, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 29, 755, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:10<755::AID-KIN4>3.0.CO;2-L Berndt, 1997, Products and mechanism of the gas-phase reaction of NO3 radicals with α-pinene, Journal of the Chemical Society—Faraday Transactions, 93, 3021, 10.1039/a702364b Berndt, 1996, Reaction of NO3 radicals with 1,3-cyclohexadiene, α-terpinene, and α-phellandrene, Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie, 100, 462, 10.1002/bbpc.19961000410 Calogirou, 1995, Atmospheric oxidation of linalool, Naturwissenschaften, 82, 288, 10.1007/BF01134526 Calogirou, 1997, Product analysis of the gas-phase reaction of β-caryophyllene with ozone, Atmospheric Environment, 31, 283, 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00190-2 Calogirou, 1999, Gas-phase terpene oxidation products, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 1423, 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00277-5 Calogirou, 1999, Gas-phase reactions of nopinone, 3-isopropenyl-6-oxo-heptanal, and 5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-ol with OH, NO3, and ozone, Environmental Science and Technology, 33, 453, 10.1021/es980530j Calvert, J.G., Atkinson, R., Kerr, J.A., Madronich, S., Moortgat, G.K., Wallington, T.J., Yarwood, G., 2000. The Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alkenes. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 552pp. Calvert, J.G., Atkinson, R., Becker, K.H., Kamens, R.M., Seinfeld, J.H., Wallington, T.J., Yarwood, G., 2002. The Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 566pp. Chen, 1998, Measurement of the organic nitrate yield from OH reaction with isoprene, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 25563, 10.1029/98JD01483 Chew, 1996, OH radical formation yields from the gas-phase reactions of O3 with alkenes and monoterpenes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 28649, 10.1029/96JD02722 Chew, 1998, Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radicals with a series of alcohols, glycol ethers, ethers and chloroalkenes, Journal of the Chemical Society—Faraday Transactions, 94, 1083, 10.1039/a708183i Christoffersen, 1998, Cis-pinic acid, a possible precursor for organic aerosol formation from ozonolysis of α-pinene, Atmospheric Environment, 32, 1657, 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00448-2 Corchnoy, 1990, Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of OH and NO3 radicals with 2-carene, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, and terpinolene, Environmental Science and Technology, 24, 1497, 10.1021/es00080a007 Fall, 1999, Biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds from higher plants, 41 Fantechi, 1998, Mechanistic studies of the atmospheric oxidation of methyl butenol by OH radicals, ozone and NO3 radicals, Atmospheric Environment, 32, 3547, 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00061-2 Fenske, 2000, Measurement of absolute unimolecular and bimolecular rate constants for CH3CHOO generated by the trans-2-butene reaction with ozone in the gas phase, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 104, 9921, 10.1021/jp0016636 Ferronato, 1998, Rate and mechanism of the reactions of OH and Cl with 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 25579, 10.1029/98JD00528 Fuentes, 2000, Biogenic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric boundary layer, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 81, 1537, 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<1537:BHITAB>2.3.CO;2 George, 1999, Measurement of free radicals OH and HO2 in Los Angeles smog, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 11643, 10.1029/1998JD100113 Geron, 2000, A review and synthesis of monoterpene speciation from forests in the United States, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 1761, 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00364-7 Gierczak, 1997, Atmospheric fate of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 110, 1, 10.1016/S1010-6030(97)00159-7 Griffin, 1999, Estimate of global atmospheric aerosol from oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 2721, 10.1029/1999GL900476 Griffin, 1999, Organic aerosol formation from oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 3555, 10.1029/1998JD100049 Grosjean, 1994, Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of ozone with unsaturated aliphatic alcohols, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 26, 1185, 10.1002/kin.550261206 Grosjean, 1995, Carbonyl products of the ozone-unsaturated alcohol reaction, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 22815, 10.1029/95JD02094 Grosjean, 1997, The gas phase reaction of unsaturated oxygenates with ozone, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 27, 271, 10.1023/A:1005868119515 Grosjean, 1999, The reaction of unsaturated aliphatic oxygenates with ozone, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 32, 205, 10.1023/A:1006122000643 Grosjean, 1993, Atmospheric chemistry of isoprene and its carbonyl products, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 830, 10.1021/es00042a004 Grosjean, 1993, Atmospheric oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 2754, 10.1021/es00049a014 Grosjean, 1993, Atmospheric chemistry of unsaturated alcohols, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 2478, 10.1021/es00048a026 Grosjean, 1993, A biogenic precursor of peroxypropionyl nitrate, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 979, 10.1021/es00042a023 Grosjean, 1996, Gas-phase reaction of ozone with tran-2-hexenal, trans-2-hexenyl, acetate, ethylvinyl ketone, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 28, 373, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1996)28:5<373::AID-KIN6>3.0.CO;2-S Gu, C.-L., Rynard, C.M., Hendry, D.G., Mill, T., 1984. OH radical oxidation of α-pinene. Report to US Environmental Protection Agency, Grant R8081-10010, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Guenther, 1995, A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 8873, 10.1029/94JD02950 Guenther, 2000, Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 2205, 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00465-3 Gutbrod, 1996, Formation of OH radicals from the gas phase ozonolysis of alkenes, Chemical Physics Letters, 252, 221, 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00126-1 Gutbrod, 1997, On the use of CO as scavenger for OH radicals in the ozonolysis of simple alkenes and isoprene, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 29, 717, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:9<717::AID-KIN9>3.0.CO;2-X Hakola, 1993, Product formation from the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals and O3 with β-phellandrene, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 278, 10.1021/es00039a006 Hakola, 1994, Product formation from the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals and O3 with a series of monoterpenes, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 18, 75, 10.1007/BF00694375 Hallquist, 1999, Aerosol and product yields from NO3 radical-initiated oxidation of selected monoterpenes, Environmental Science and Technology, 33, 553, 10.1021/es980292s Hatakeyama, 1989, Reactions of ozone with α-pinene and β-pinene in air, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 13013, 10.1029/JD094iD10p13013 Hatakeyama, 1991, Reactions of OH with α-pinene and β-pinene in air, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 947, 10.1029/90JD02341 Hein, 1997, An inverse modeling approach to investigate the global atmospheric methane cycle, Global Biogeochemical Cycle, 11, 43, 10.1029/96GB03043 Hoffmann, 1997, Formation of organic aerosols from the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 26, 189, 10.1023/A:1005734301837 Hoffmann, 1998, Molecular composition of organic aerosols formed in the α-pinene/O3 reaction, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 25569, 10.1029/98JD01816 Jang, 1999, Newly characterized products and composition of secondary aerosols from the reaction of α-pinene with ozone, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 459, 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00222-2 Johnson, 2001, The effect of Criegee-intermediate scavengers on the OH yiled from the reaction of ozone with 2-methyl-2-butene, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 105, 2933, 10.1021/jp003975e Kamens, 1999, Aerosol formation from the reaction of α-pinene and ozone using a gas-phase kinetics-aerosol partitioning model, Environmental Science and Technology, 33, 1430, 10.1021/es980725r Koch, 2000, Formation of new particles in the gas-phase ozonolysis of monoterpenes, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 4031, 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00133-3 Kroll, 2001, Mechanism of HOx formation in the gas-phase ozone–alkene reaction. 1. Direct, pressure-dependent measurements of prompt OH yields, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 105, 1554, 10.1021/jp002121r Kroll, 2001, Mechanism of HOx formation in the gas-phase ozone–alkene reaction. 2. Prompt versus thermal dissociation of carbonyl oxides to form OH, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 105, 4446, 10.1021/jp004136v Kroll, 2001, Accurate, direct measurements of OH yields from gas-phase ozone–alkene reactions using an in situ LIF instrument, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 3863, 10.1029/2001GL013406 Kroll, 2002, Gas-phase ozonolysis of alkenes, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124, 8518, 10.1021/ja0266060 Kwok, 1995, Observation of hydroxycarbonyls from the OH radical-initiated reaction of isoprene, Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 2467, 10.1021/es00009a046 Kwok, 1996, Product formation from the reaction of the NO3 radical with isoprene and rate constants for the reactions of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone with the NO3 radical, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 28, 925, 10.1002/kin.10 Lamb, 1987, A national inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions, Atmospheric Environment, 21, 1695, 10.1016/0004-6981(87)90108-9 Lamb, 1993, A biogenic hydrocarbon emission inventory for the U.S.A. using a simple forest canopy model, Atmospheric Environment, 27A, 1673, 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90230-V Larsen, 2001, Gas-phase OH oxidation of monoterpenes, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 38, 231, 10.1023/A:1006487530903 Lewin, 2001, Aspects of the kinetics and mechanism of the gas-phase reactions of ozone with conjugated dienes, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 3, 1253, 10.1039/b010006o Logan, 1985, Tropospheric ozone, Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 10463, 10.1029/JD090iD06p10463 Meyrahn, 1986, Quantum yields for the photodissociation of acetone in air and an estimate for the life time of acetone in the lower troposphere, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 4, 277, 10.1007/BF00052006 Mihelcic, 1993, Simultaneous measurements of peroxy and nitrate radicals at Schauinsland, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 16, 313, 10.1007/BF01032628 Miyoshi, 1994, OH radical-initiated photooxidation of isoprene, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 18779, 10.1029/94JD01334 Montzka, 1993, Isoprene and its oxidation products, methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein, in the rural troposphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 1101, 10.1029/92JD02382 Montzka, 1995, Measurements of 3-methyl furan, methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein at a rural forested site in the southeastern United States, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 11393, 10.1029/95JD01132 National Research Council, 1991. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 500pp. Neeb, 1999, Formation of OH radicals in the gas-phase reaction of propene, isobutene, and isoprene with O3, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 103, 9003, 10.1021/jp9903458 Nouaime, 1998, Sequential oxidation products from tropospheric isoprene chemistry, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 22463, 10.1029/98JD00320 Nozière, 1998, Evidence for formation of a PAN analogue of pinonic structure and investigation of its thermal stability, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 25587, 10.1029/98JD01677 Nozière, 1999, Product study and mechanisms of the reactions of α-pinene and of pinonaldehyde with OH radicals, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 23645, 10.1029/1999JD900778 Nozière, 1999, Kinetics of the reactions of pinonaldehyde with OH radicals and with Cl atoms, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 31, 291, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1999)31:4<291::AID-KIN7>3.0.CO;2-K Oltmans, 1994, Surface ozone measurements from a global network, Atmospheric Environment, 28, 9, 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90019-1 Orlando, 1999, Mechanism of the OH-initiated oxidation of methacrolein, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 2191, 10.1029/1999GL900453 Orlando, 2000, Product studies of the OH- and ozone-initiated oxidation of some monoterpenes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 11561, 10.1029/2000JD900005 Oum, 1998, Formation of molecular chlorine from the photolysis of ozone and aqueous sea-salt particles, Science, 279, 74, 10.1126/science.279.5347.74 Palen, 1992, Fourier transform infrared analysis of aerosol formed in the photo-oxidation of isoprene and β-pinene, Atmospheric Environment, 26A, 1239, 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90385-X Pandis, 1991, Aerosol formation in the photooxidation of isoprene and β-pinene, Atmospheric Environment, 25A, 997, 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90141-S Papagni, 2001, Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with a series of unsaturated alcohols, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 33, 142, 10.1002/1097-4601(200102)33:2<142::AID-KIN1007>3.0.CO;2-F Paulson, 1996, The reactions of ozone with alkenes, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 3727, 10.1029/96GL03477 Paulson, 1992, Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene part II, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 24, 103, 10.1002/kin.550240110 Paulson, 1992, Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene. Part I, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 24, 79, 10.1002/kin.550240109 Paulson, 1997, Evidence for formation of OH radicals from the reaction of O3 with alkenes in the gas phase, Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 3193, 10.1029/97GL03163 Paulson, 1998, Measurement of OH radical formation form the reaction of ozone with several biogenic alkenes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 25533, 10.1029/98JD01951 Pfeiffer, 1998, Tropospheric OH formation by ozonolysis of terpenes, Chemical Physical Letters, 298, 351, 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01208-1 Platt, 1994, Nitrate radicals in tropospheric chemistry, Israel Journal of Chemistry, 34, 289, 10.1002/ijch.199400033 Prinn, 1995, Atmospheric trends and lifetime of CH3CCl3 and global OH concentrations, Science, 269, 187, 10.1126/science.269.5221.187 Prinn, 2001, Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades, Science, 292, 1882, 10.1126/science.1058673 Reissell, 2001, Biogenic volatile organic compounds at Azusa and elevated sites during the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 1607, 10.1029/2000JD900517 Reissell, 1999, Formation of acetone from the OH radical- and O3-initiated reactions of a series of monoterpenes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 13869, 10.1029/1999JD900198 Reissell, 2001, Atmospheric chemistry of camphor, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 33, 56, 10.1002/1097-4601(20010101)33:1<56::AID-KIN7>3.0.CO;2-Y Reissell, A., Aschmann, S.M., Atkinson, R., Arey, J., 2002. Products of the OH radical- and O3-initiated reactions of myrcene and ocimene. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (D12) 10.1029/2001JD001234, ACH 3-1 to 3-6. Rickard, 1999, OH yields in the gas-phase reactions of ozone with alkenes, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 103, 7656, 10.1021/jp9916992 Roelofs, 1997, Model study of the influence of cross-tropopause O3 transports on tropospheric O3 levels, Tellus B, 49, 38, 10.1034/j.1600-0889.49.issue1.3.x Rudich, 1996, Rate coefficients for reactions of NO3 with a few olefins and oxygenated olefins, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 100, 5374, 10.1021/jp953079g Ruppert, 2000, A product study of the OH radical-initiated oxidation of isoprene, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 1529, 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00408-2 Ruppert, 1999, Development of monoterpene oxidation mechanisms, 63 Sauer, 1999, Formation of hydrogen peroxide in the ozonolysis of isoprene and simple alkenes under humid conditions, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 229, 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00152-6 Shu, 1994, Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of terpenes and OH radical formation from the O3 reactions with sesquiterpenes at 296±2K, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 26, 1193, 10.1002/kin.550261207 Shu, 1997, Products of the gas-phase reactions of linalool with OH radicals, NO3 radicals, and O3, Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 896, 10.1021/es960651o Siese, 2001, Direct measurement of OH radicals from ozonolysis of selected alkenes, Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 4660, 10.1021/es010150p Skov, 1992, Products and mechanisms of the reactions of the nitrate radical (NO3) with isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene in air, Atmospheric Environment, 26A, 2771, 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90015-D Skov, 1994, Epoxide formation in the reactions of the nitrate radical with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, cis- and trans-2-butene and isoprene, Atmospheric Environment, 28, 1583, 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90304-2 Smith, 1996, Kinetics and products of the gas-phase reactions of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and trans-cinnamaldehyde with OH and NO3 radicals and O3 at 296±2K, Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 1781, 10.1021/es950871m South Coast Air Quality Management District, 2002. http://www.aqmd.gov/aqmp/. Starn, 1998, Observations of isoprene chemistry and its role in ozone production at a semirural site during the 1995 Southern Oxidant Study, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 22425, 10.1029/98JD01279 Starn, 1998, Nighttime isoprene chemistry at an urban-impacted forest site, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 22437, 10.1029/98JD01201 Tuazon, 1989, A product study of the gas-phase reaction of methyl vinyl ketone with the OH radical in the presence of NOx, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 21, 1141, 10.1002/kin.550211207 Tuazon, 1990, A product study of the gas-phase reaction of isoprene with the OH radical in the presence of NOx, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 22, 1221, 10.1002/kin.550221202 Tuazon, 1990, A product study of the gas-phase reaction of methacrolein with the OH radical in the presence of NOx, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 22, 591, 10.1002/kin.550220604 Van den Bergh, 2000, Identification of the oxidation products of the reaction between α-pinene and hydroxyl radicals by gas and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, Journal of Chromatography, 896, 135, 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00680-4 Wängberg, 1997, Product and mechanistic study of the reaction of NO3 radicals with α-pinene, Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 2130, 10.1021/es960958n Wiedinmyer, 2001, Measurement and analysis of atmospheric concentrations of isoprene and its reaction products in central Texas, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 1001, 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00406-4 Williams, 1997, Regional ozone from biogenic hydrocarbons deduced from airborne measurements of PAN, PPN, and MPAN, Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 1099, 10.1029/97GL00548 Winterhalter, 2000, Products and mechanism of the gas phase reaction of ozone with β-pinene, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 35, 165, 10.1023/A:1006257800929 Wisthaler, 2001, Measurements of acetone and other gas phase product yields from the OH-initiated oxidation of terpenes by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), Atmospheric Environment, 35, 6181, 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00385-5 World Meteorological Organization, 1995. Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1995. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 37, Geneva, Switzerland (Chapter 2). Yokouchi, 1994, Seasonal and diurnal variation of isoprene and its reaction products in a semi-rural area, Atmospheric Environment, 28, 2651, 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90438-3 Yu, 1995, Identifying airborne carbonyl compounds in isoprene atmospheric photooxidation products by their PFBHA oximes using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry, Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 1923, 10.1021/es00008a009 Yu, 1998, Identification of products containing –COOH, –OH, and –CO in atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons, Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 2357, 10.1021/es980129x Yu, 1999, Gas-phase ozone oxidation of monoterpenes, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 34, 207, 10.1023/A:1006254930583 Zhang, 1992, Photochemical aerosol formation from α-pinene and β-pinene, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 20717, 10.1029/92JD02156 Zhang, 2002, Mechanism of OH formation from ozonolysis of isoprene, Chemical Physics Letters, 358, 171, 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00260-9