When is Meaning in Life Most Beneficial to Young People? Styles of Meaning in Life and Well-Being Among Late Adolescents
Tóm tắt
The purpose of this article was to investigate the relationships between different dimensions of meaning in life and subjective and psychological well-being (PWB) among late adolescents. Three hundred and eighty four Polish participants completed The Personal Meaning Profile scale, The Satisfaction With Life Scale, The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, The PWB scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, the findings revealed that personal meaning had strong relations with subjective well-being (SWB) and PWB. In addition, the dimensions of personal meaning were more strongly associated with the cognitive dimension of SWB than with PWB. In Study 2, search for meaning had positive associations with SWB and PWB among those late adolescents who already had substantial meaning in life. Individuals who were in presence and search style had higher levels of SWB and PWB than those in only search style or presence style. The results demonstrate that purpose embedded in the concept of meaning in life appears central to the formation of adolescent well-being as young people come to establish overarching aims.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Boyd, D., & Bee, H. (2012). Lifespan development. Boston: Pearson.
Brassai, L., Piko, B. F., & Steger, M. F. (2011). Meaning in life: Is it a protective factor for adolescents’ psychological health? International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 18(1), 44–51.
Chamberlain, K., & Zika, S. (1988). Religiosity, life meaning, and wellbeing: Some relationships in a sample of women. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27, 411–420.
Debats, D. L., van der Lubbe, P. M., & Wezeman, F. R. A. (1993). On the psychometric properties of the Life Regard Index (LRI): A measure of meaningful life. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 337–345.
Dezutter, J., Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Luyckx, K., Beyers, W., Meca, A., … & Hardy, S. A. (2014). Meaning in life in emerging adulthood: A person-oriented approach. Journal of Personality, 82(1), 57–68.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 71–75.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 187–194). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed. New York: W.W. Norton.
Frankl, V. E. (1965). The doctor and the soul: From psychotherapy to logotherapy. New York: Vintage Books.
Głaz, S. (2013). The role of the meaning of life and religious experience of God’s presence and God’s absence amongst students with different levels of conscience sensitivity. Religions, 4(1), 132–144.
Ho, M. Y., Cheung, F. M., & Cheung, S. F. (2010). The role of meaning in life and optimism in promoting well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(5), 658–663.
Kiang, L., & Fuligni, A. J. (2010). Meaning in life as a mediator of ethnic identity and adjustment among adolescents from Latin, Asian, and European American backgrounds. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(11), 1253–1264.
King, L. A., & Hicks, J. A. (2012). Positive affect and meaning in life: The intersection and hedonism and eudaimonia. In P. T. Wong (Ed.), The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications (pp. 125–142). New York: Routledge.
King, L. A., Hicks, J. A., Krull, J. L., & Del Gaiso, A. K. (2006). Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 179–196.
Klinger, E. (2012). The search for meaning in evolutionary goal-theory perspective and its clinical implications. In P. T. Wong (Ed.), The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications (pp. 23–56). New York: Routledge.
Krok, D. (2009). Religijność a jakość życia w perspektywie mediatorów psychospołecznych [Religiousness and quality of life in the perspective of psychosocial mediators]. Opole: Redakcja Wydawnictw WT UO.
Krok, D. (2011). Poczucie sensu życia a dobrostan psychiczny [Meaning in life and well-being]. Psychologia Jakości Życia, 10(2), 95–115.
McDonald, M. J., Wong, P. T. P., & Gingras, D. T. (2012). Meaning-in-life measures and development a brief version of the Personal Meaning Profile. In P. T. Wong (Ed.), The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications (pp. 357–382). New York: Routledge.
Park, N., Park, M., & Peterson, C. (2010). When is the search for meaning related to life satisfaction? Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 2(1), 1–13.
Reker, G. T. (2005). Meaning in life of young, middle-aged, and older adults: Factorial validity, age, and gender invariance of the Personal Meaning Index (PMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 38(1), 71–85.
Riichiro, I., & Masahiko, O. (2006). Effects of a firm purpose in life on anxiety and sympathetic nervous activity caused by emotional stress: Assessment by psycho-physiological method. Stress and Health, 22, 275–281.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13–39.
Steger, M. F. (2009). Meaning in life. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 679–687). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Steger, M. F. (2012). Experiencing meaning in life: Optimal functioning at the nexus of well-being, psychopathology, and spirituality. In P. T. Wong (Ed.), The Human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications (pp. 165–184). New York: Routledge.
Steger, M. F., Bundick, M. J., & Yeager, D. (2012). Meaning in life. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 1666–1677). New York: Springer US.
Steger, M. F., & Frazier, P. (2005). Meaning in life: One link in the chain from religion to well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 574–582.
Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80–93.
Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., Sullivan, B. A., & Lorentz, D. (2008). Understanding the search for meaning in life: Personality, cognitive style, and the dynamic between seeking and experiencing meaning. Journal of Personality, 76(2), 199–228.
Steger, M. F., Oishi, S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(1), 43–52.
Thompson, N. J., Coker, J., Krause, J. S., & Henry, E. (2003). Purpose in life as a mediator of adjustment after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitative Psychology, 48, 100–108.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1991). The PANAS-X: Preliminary manual for the positive and negative affect schedule–expanded form (unpublished manuscript). Iowa City: The University of Iowa.
Wong, P. T. P. (1989). Personal meaning and successful aging. Canadian Psychology, 30(3), 516–525.
Wong, P. T. P. (1998). Implicit theories of meaningful life and the development of the Personal Meaning Profile (PMP). In P. T. P Wong & P. Fry (Eds.), Handbook of personal meaning: Theory, research, and practice (s. 111–140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Wong, P. T. P. (2012). Towards of dual-system models of what makes life worth living. In P. T. Wong (Ed.), The Human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications (pp. 3–21). New York: Routledge.
Zika, S., & Chamberlain, K. (1992). On the relation between meaning in life and psychological well-being. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 133–145.