Jiangtang Xiaozhi Recipe (降糖消脂方) prevents diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Kuzuya T, Nakagawa S, Satoh J, Kanazawa Y, Iwamoto Y, Kobayashi M, et al. Report of the committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002;55:65–85.

Kim JM, Kwon SW. Effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang on non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus unresponsive to oral hypoglycemic agents: a case report. Chin J Integr Med 2015;21:157–160.

Donaldson M, Dodson PM. Medical treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2003;17:550–562.

Curtis TM, Gardiner TA, Stitt AW. Microvascular lesions of diabetic retinopathy: clues towards understanding pathogenesis? Eye (Lond) 2009;23:1496–1508.

Chistiakov DA. Diabetic retinopathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and current treatments. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2011;5:165–172.

Chappelow AV, Tan K, Waheed NK, Kaiser PK. Panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: pattern scan laser versus argon laser. Am J Ophthalmol 2012;153:137–142.

Yan XF, Ni Q, Wei JP, Lin L. A systematic review and metaanalysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment based on the "three-typed syndrome differentiation" theory in Chinese Medicine. Chin J Intregr Med 2014;20:633–640.

Liu W. What has been overlooked on study of Chinese materia medica in the West? Chin J Intregr Med 2015;21:483–492.

Ge ZY, Jin L, Yan AG, Dong XX, Li HK, Liu JX. Study of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Tablets on decreasing of blood glucose in rat and mouse models of diabetes mellitus. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form (Chin) 2010;16:143–146.

Ge ZY, Jin L, Guo YJ, Yang B, Dong XX, Li HK, et al. Experimental study of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Tablet on decreasing the levels of blood glucose and serum lipids in transgenic mice with diabetes mellitus. Chin J Intregr Med 2012;32:1095–1098.

Zheng YQ, Ge ZY, Jin L, Guo YJ, Yang B, Dong XX, et al. Effect of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Tablets on expression of insulin receptor β and insulin receptor substrate-1 in KKAy transgenic mice model of diabetes mellitus. Chin J Exp Tradit Me Form (Chin) 2013;19:175–179.

Hoo RL, Wong JY, Qiao CF, Xu A, Xu HX, Lam KS. The effective fraction isolated from Radix Astragali alleviates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in db/db diabetic mice through its antiinflammatory activity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010;7:67.

Gao DH, Guo YJ, Li XJ, Li XM, Li ZP, Xue M, et al. An aqueous extract of Radix Astragali, Angelica sinensis, and Panax notoginseng is effective in preventing diabetic retinopathy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:578165.

Cheng L, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Lu X, Zhang F, Ye H, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomized clinical trials of Radix astragali and its prescriptions for diabetic retinopathy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:762783.

Li Z, Geng YN, Jiang JD, Kong WJ. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of berberine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:289264.

Zhang M, Lu X, Li J, Meng Z, Wang Q, Chang W, et al. Sodium caprate augments the hypoglycemic effect of berberine via AMPK in inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012;363:122–130.

Wang YW, Campbell T, Perry B, Beaurepaire C, Qin L. Hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing effects of berberine in high-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Metabolism 2011;60:298–305.

Zhou L, Yang Y, Wang X, Liu S, Shang W, Yuan G, et al. Berberine stimulates glucose transport through a mechanism distinct from insulin. Metabolism 2007;56:405–412.

Tian P, Ge HY, Liu HT, Kern TS, Du LL, Guan LN, et al. Leukocytes from diabetic patients kill retinal endothelial cells: effects of berberine. Mol Vis 2013;19:2092–2105.

Chen ZH, Xia CD, Wei ZX, Huang JN, Shang XH. Clinical study of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Capsule in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med (Chin) 2012;32:910–913.

Kanwar M, Chan PS, Kern TS, Kowluru RA. Oxidative damage in the retinal mitochondria of diabetic mice: possible protection by superoxide dismutase. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:3805–3811.

Wilkinson-Berka JL, Tan G, Jaworski K, Ninkovic S. Valsartan but not atenolol improves vascular pathology in diabetic Ren-2 rat retina. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:423–430.

Hammes HP, Lin JH, Wagner P, Feng YX, Hagen FV, Krzizok H, et al. Angiopoietin-2 causes pericyte dropout in the normal retina: evidence for involvement in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2004;53:1104–1110.

Gardiner TA, Archer DB, Curtis TM, Stitt AW. Arteriolar involvement in the microvascular lesions of diabetic retinopathy: implications for pathogenesis. Microcirculation 2007;14:25–38.

Engerman RL, Kern TS. Retinopathy in animal models of diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev 1995;11:109–120.

Ishibashi T, Inomata H. Ultrastructure of retinal vessels in diabetic patients. Br J Ophthalmol 1993;77:574–578.

Stitt AW, Anderson HR, Gardiner TA, Mclntyre I, and Archer DB. The combined effects of diabetes and ionizinig radiation on the rat retina: an ultrastructural study. Curr Eye Res 1994;13:79–86.

Antonelli-Orlidge A, Saunders KB, Smith SR, D’ Amore PA. An activated form of transforming growth factor β is produced by co-cultures of endothelial cells and pericytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:4544–4548.

Armulik A, Genove G, Betsholtz C. Pericytes: developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises. Dev Cell 2011;21:4544–4548.

Kowluru RA, Kowluru A, Mishra M, Kumar B. Oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015;1–22.

Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HAW, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. Br Med J 2000;321:405–412.

Jin L, Ge ZY, Guo YJ, Yan AG, Dong XX, Li HK, et al. Study of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Tablets on decreasing levels of blood glucose and serum lipid in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form (Chin) 2012;18:161–165.

Rolo AP, Palmeira CM. Diabetes and mitochondrial function: role of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006;212:167–178.

SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY. The role of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in health and disease of the retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2005;24:87–138.

Wrońska-Nofer T, Nofer JR, Jajte J, Dziubatowska E, Szymczak W, Krajewski W, et al. Oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress in subjects occupationally exposed to nitrous oxide (N2O). Mutat Res 2012;731:58–63.

Pourmoradian D, Mahdavi R, Mobasseri M, Faramarzi E, Mobasseri M. Effects of royal jelly supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress factors in type 2 diabetic female: a randomized clinical trial. Chin J Integr Med 2014;20:347–352.

Ge ZY, Jin L, Guo YJ, Yang B, Dong XX, Li HK, et al. The mechanism study of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Tablets on rats with insulin resistance. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form (Chin) 2013;19:218–222.

Patil S, Tawari S, Mundhada D, Nadeem S. Protective effect of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid ameliorates ethanol-induced oxidative stress and memory dysfunction in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015;136:13–20.

Huang X, Liu Y, Song FR, Liu ZQ, Liu SY. Studies on principal components and antioxidant activity of different Radix Astragali samples using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2009;78:1090–1001.

Nagajyothi PC, Sreekanth TVM, Tettey CO, Jun YI, Mook SH. Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of ZnO nanoparticles using Coptidis Rhizoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014;24:4298–4303.