Race and Sex Differences in Hypertension Control in CKD: Results From the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)

Brancati, 1992, The excess incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease among blacks, JAMA, 268, 3079, 10.1001/jama.268.21.3079 Klag, 1997, End-stage renal disease in African-American and white men, JAMA, 277, 1293, 10.1001/jama.277.16.1293 Feldman, 1992, End-stage renal disease in US minority groups, Am J Kidney Dis, 19, 397, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80945-0 Hsu, 2003, Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United States, J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, 2902, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000091586.46532.B4 Neugarten, 2000, Effect of sex on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease: A meta-analysis, J Am Soc Nephrol, 11, 319, 10.1681/ASN.V112319 Coggins, 1998, Differences between women and men with chronic renal disease, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 13, 1430, 10.1093/ndt/13.6.1430 Klag, 1996, Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men, N Engl J Med, 334, 13, 10.1056/NEJM199601043340103 Rahman, 2006, Cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients stratified by baseline glomerular filtration rate, Ann Intern Med, 144, 172, 10.7326/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00005 2005 Peralta, 2005, Control of hypertension in adults with chronic kidney disease in the United States, Hypertension, 45, 1119, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000164577.81087.70 Brown, 2003, Early detection of kidney disease in community settings: The Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP), Am J Kidney Dis, 42, 22, 10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00405-0 El-Achkar, 2005, Higher prevalence of anemia with diabetes mellitus in moderate kidney insufficiency: The Kidney Early Evaluation Program, Kidney Int, 67, 1483, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00226.x Levey, 2006, Using standardized serum creatinine values in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate, Ann Intern Med, 145, 247, 10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00004 Lewis, 2001, Comparison of cross-sectional renal function measurements in African Americans with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and of primary formulas to estimate glomerular filtration rate, Am J Kidney Dis, 38, 744, 10.1053/ajkd.2001.27691 2002, K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, classification and stratification, Am J Kidney Dis, 39, S1 Kausz, 2002, The care of patients with chronic kidney disease, J Gen Intern Med, 17, 658, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.20634.x August, 1999, Hypertension in women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 1862, 10.1210/jc.84.6.1862 Khalil, 2005, Sex hormones as potential modulators of vascular function in hypertension, Hypertension, 46, 249, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000172945.06681.a4 Reyes, 2005, Sex differences in hypertension and kidney disease, Med Clin North Am, 89, 613, 10.1016/j.mcna.2004.11.010 Wang, 2000, Genetic polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system: Relevance for susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, Eur J Pharmacol, 410, 289, 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00822-0 Rana, 2007, Population-based sample reveals gene-sex interactions in blood pressure in white Americans, Hypertension, 49, 96, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000252029.35106.67 Hajjar, 2003, Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000, JAMA, 290, 199, 10.1001/jama.290.2.199 Hertz, 2005, Racial disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, and management, Arch Intern Med, 165, 2098, 10.1001/archinte.165.18.2098 Kotchen, 1998, Hypertension control and access to medical care in the inner city, Am J Public Health, 88, 1696, 10.2105/AJPH.88.11.1696 Duru, 2007, Health insurance status and hypertension monitoring and control in the United States, Am J Hypertens, 20, 348, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.11.007 Brown, 2005, 2005 KEEP Annual Data Report, Am J Kidney Dis, 45, S1, 10.1053/j.ackd.2004.12.001 Levey, 2003, National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification, Ann Intern Med, 139, 137, 10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013 Clase, 2002, Prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate in nondiabetic Americans: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), J Am Soc Nephrol, 13, 1338, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000013291.78621.26 Jafar, 2003, The rate of progression of renal disease may not be slower in women compared with men: A patient-level meta-analysis, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 18, 2047, 10.1093/ndt/gfg317 Sarnak, 2005, The effect of a lower target blood pressure on the progression of kidney disease: Long-term follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study, Ann Intern Med, 142, 342, 10.7326/0003-4819-142-5-200503010-00009 Chobanian, 2003, The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 report, JAMA, 289, 2560, 10.1001/jama.289.19.2560 Mensah, 2005, The state of disparities in cardiovascular health in the United States, Circulation, 111, 1233, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000158136.76824.04