Competing autonomic mechanisms precedethe onset of postoperative atrial fibrillation

Polanczyk, 1998, Supraventricular arrhythmia in patients having noncardiac surgery, Ann Intern Med, 129, 279, 10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00003 Amar, 1995, Clinical and echocardiographic correlates of symptomatic tachydysrhythmias after non-cardiac thoracic surgery, Chest, 108, 349, 10.1378/chest.108.2.349 Maisel, 2001, Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery, Ann Intern Med, 135, 1061, 10.7326/0003-4819-135-12-200112180-00010 Mathew, 1996, Atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery, JAMA, 276, 300, 10.1001/jama.1996.03540040044031 Cox, 1993, A perspective of postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac operations, Ann Thorac Surg, 56, 405, 10.1016/0003-4975(93)90871-E Amar, 2002, Older age is the strongest predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation, Anesthesiology, 96, 352, 10.1097/00000542-200202000-00021 Spach, 1986, Relating extracellular potentials and their derivatives to anisotropic propagation at a microscopic level in human cardiac muscle. Evidence for electrical uncoupling of side-to-side fiber connections with increasing age, Circ Res, 58, 356, 10.1161/01.RES.58.3.356 Allessie, 2001, Pathophysiology and prevention of atrial fibrillation, Circulation, 103, 769, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.5.769 Steinberg, 1993, Value of the P-wave signal-averaged ECG for predicting atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery, Circulation, 88, 2618, 10.1161/01.CIR.88.6.2618 Frost, 1996, Re-evaluation of P-wave duration and morphology as predictors of atrial fibrillation and flutter after coronary artery bypass surgery, Eur Heart J, 17, 1065, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015003 Zaman, 2000, Atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. A model for preoperative risk stratification, Circulation, 101, 1403, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.12.1403 Amar, 1999, Signal averaged P-wave duration does not predict atrial fibrillation after thoracic surgery, Anesthesiology, 91, 16, 10.1097/00000542-199907000-00007 Giri, 2001, Oral amiodarone for prevention of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery, the atrial fibrillation suppression trial (AFIST), Lancet, 357, 830, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04196-9 Frost, 1995, Premature atrial beat eliciting atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, J Electrocardiol, 28, 297, 10.1016/S0022-0736(05)80047-0 Dimmer, 1998, Variations of autonomic tone preceding onset of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, Am J Cardiol, 82, 22, 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00231-8 Hogue, 1998, RR interval dynamics before atrial fibrillation in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, Circulation, 98, 429, 10.1161/01.CIR.98.5.429 Amar, 1997, Effects of diltiazem versus digoxin on dysrhythmias and cardiac function after pneumonectomy, Ann Thorac Surg, 63, 1374, 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)80354-2 Amar, 2000, Effects of diltiazem prophylaxis on the incidence and clinical outcome of atrial arrhythmias after thoracic surgery, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 120, 790, 10.1067/mtc.2000.109538 Myers, 1986, Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in sudden cardiac death, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 33, 1149, 10.1109/TBME.1986.325694 1996, Heart rate variability, Circulation, 93, 1043, 10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043 Goldberger, 1999, Sympathovagal balance, Am J Physiol, 276, H1273 Coumel, 1994, Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, Eur Heart J, 15, 9, 10.1093/eurheartj/15.suppl_A.9 Zaza, 2001, Autonomic indexes based on the analysis of heart rate variability, Cardiovasc Res, 50, 434, 10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00240-1 Chen, 1998, Role of atrial electrophysiology and autonomic nervous system in patients with supraventricular tachycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 32, 732, 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00305-2 Amar, 2002, Perioperative atrial tachyarrhythmias, Anesthesiology, 97, 1618, 10.1097/00000542-200212000-00039 Zimmermann, 2001, Fluctuation in autonomic tone is a major determinant of sustained atrial arrhythmias in patients with focal ectopy originating from the pulmonary veins, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 12, 285, 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00285.x Blommaert, 2000, Effective prevention of atrial fibrillation by continuous atrial overdrive pacing after coronary artery bypass surgery, J Am Coll Cardiol, 35, 1411, 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00608-2 Levy, 2000, Randomized controlled study investigating the effect of biatrial pacing in prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, Circulation, 102, 1382, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.12.1382 Daubert, 2000, Atrial pacing for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 35, 1423, 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00620-3 Jidéus, 2001, Diminished circadian variation in heart rate variability before surgery in patients developing postoperative atrial fibrillation, Scand Cardiovasc J, 35, 238, 10.1080/14017430152581341 Lombardi, 2001, Heart rate variability and early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion, J Am Coll Cardiol, 37, 157, 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)01039-1 Herweg, 1998, Power spectral analysis of heart period variability of preceding sinus rhythm before initiation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, Am J Cardiol, 82, 869, 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00494-9 Bettoni, 2002, Autonomic tone variations before the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, Circulation, 105, 2753, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000018443.44005.D8