Simultaneous PET–MRI in oncology: a solution looking for a problem?

Afaq, 2011, Imaging assessment of tumor response: past, present and future, Future Oncol, 7, 669, 10.2217/fon.11.38 Schnall, 2006, Primer on imaging technologies for cancer, J Clin Oncol, 24, 3225, 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.5656 Levin, 2005, Primer on molecular imaging technology, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 32, S325, 10.1007/s00259-005-1973-y Webb, 1988 Correia, 1990, Editorial: registration of nuclear medicine images, J Nucl Med, 31, 1227 Hasegawa, 1990, Description of a simultaneous emission-transmission CT system. In: Medical imaging IV: image formation, Proc SPIE, 1231, 50, 10.1117/12.18783 Hasegawa, 2002, Dual-modality imaging of function and physiology, Acad Radiol, 9, 1305, 10.1016/S1076-6332(03)80564-0 Beyer, 2000, A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology, J Nucl Med, 41, 1369 Horger, 2006, The role of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in benign and malignant bone disease, Semin Nucl Med, 36, 286, 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2006.05.001 Even-Sapir, 2001, The new technology of combined transmission and emission tomography in evaluation of endocrine neoplasms, J Nucl Med, 42, 998 Pfannenberg, 2003, Benefit of anatomical-functional image fusion in the diagnostic work-up of neuroendocrine neoplasms, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 30, 835, 10.1007/s00259-003-1160-y von Schulthess, 2006, Integrated PET/CT: current applications and future directions, Radiology, 238, 405, 10.1148/radiol.2382041977 Catana, 2008, Simultaneous in vivo positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105, 3705, 10.1073/pnas.0711622105 Judenhofer, 2008, Simultaneous PET–MRI: a new approach for functional and morphological imaging, Nat Med, 14, 459, 10.1038/nm1700 Mawlawi, 2006, PET/CT imaging techniques, considerations, and artifacts, J Thorac Imaging, 21, 99, 10.1097/00005382-200605000-00002 Osman, 2003, Respiratory motion artifacts on PET emission images obtained using CT attenuation correction on PET–CT, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 30, 603, 10.1007/s00259-002-1024-x Goerres, 2002, PET–CT image coregistration in the thorax: influence of respiration, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 29, 351, 10.1007/s00259-001-0710-4 Beyer, 2003, Dual-modality PET/CT imaging: the effect of respiratory motion on combined image quality in clinical oncology, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 30, 588, 10.1007/s00259-002-1097-6 Shao, 1997, Simultaneous PET and MR imaging, Phys Med Biol, 42, 1965, 10.1088/0031-9155/42/10/010 Shao, 1997, Development of a PET detector system compatible with MRI/NMR systems, IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 44, 1167, 10.1109/23.596982 Slates, 1999, A study of artefacts in simultaneous PET and MR imaging using a prototype MR compatible PET scanner, Phys Med Biol, 44, 2015, 10.1088/0031-9155/44/8/312 Pichler, 2008, Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging: the next generation of multimodality imaging?, Semin Nucl Med, 38, 199, 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.02.001 Pichler, 2008, Latest advances in molecular imaging instrumentation, J Nucl Med, 49, 5S, 10.2967/jnumed.108.045880 Lucas, 2006, Development of a combined microPET–MR system, Technol Cancer Res Treat, 5, 337, 10.1177/153303460600500405 Pichler, 2006, Performance test of an LSO-APD detector in a 7-T MRI scanner for simultaneous PET/MRI, J Nucl Med, 47, 639 Maramraju, 2011, Small animal simultaneous PET/MRI: initial experiences in a 9.4 T microMRI, Phys Med Biol, 56, 2459, 10.1088/0031-9155/56/8/009 Boss, 2010, Hybrid PET/MRI of intracranial masses: initial experiences and comparison to PET/CT, J Nucl Med, 51, 1198, 10.2967/jnumed.110.074773 Boss, 2011, Feasibility of simultaneous PET/MR imaging in the head and upper neck area, Eur Radiol, 21, 1439, 10.1007/s00330-011-2072-z Cherry, 2004, PET: physics, instrumentation, and scanners, 1 Bergström, 1982, Determination of object contour from projections for attenuation correction in cranial positron emission tomography, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 6, 365, 10.1097/00004728-198204000-00022 Bailey, 1998, Transmission scanning in emission tomography, Eur J Nucl Med, 25, 774, 10.1007/s002590050282 Visvikis, 2003, CT-based attenuation correction in the calculation of semi-quantitative indices of [18F]FDG uptake in PET, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 30, 344, 10.1007/s00259-002-1070-4 Westerterp, 2007, Quantification of FDG PET studies using standardised uptake values in multi-centre trials: effects of image reconstruction, resolution and ROI definition parameters, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 34, 392, 10.1007/s00259-006-0224-1 Keereman, 2011, The effect of errors in segmented attenuation maps on PET quantification, Med Phys, 38, 6010, 10.1118/1.3651640 Catana, 2010, Toward implementing an MRI-based PET attenuation-correction method for neurologic studies on the MR-PET brain prototype, J Nucl Med, 51, 1431, 10.2967/jnumed.109.069112 Marshall, 2011, A comparison of MR-based attenuation correction in PET versus SPECT, Phys Med Biol, 56, 4613, 10.1088/0031-9155/56/14/024 Malone, 2011, Attenuation correction methods suitable for brain imaging with a PET/MRI scanner: a comparison of tissue atlas and template attenuation map approaches, J Nucl Med, 52, 1142, 10.2967/jnumed.110.085076 Hofmann, 2011, MRI-based attenuation correction for whole-body PET/MRI: quantitative evaluation of segmentation- and atlas-based methods, J Nucl Med, 52, 1392, 10.2967/jnumed.110.078949 Zaidi, 2003, Magnetic resonance imaging-guided attenuation and scatter corrections in three-dimensional brain positron emission tomography, Med Phys, 30, 937, 10.1118/1.1569270 Salomon, 2011, Simultaneous reconstruction of activity and attenuation for PET/MR, IEEE Trans Med Imaging, 30, 804, 10.1109/TMI.2010.2095464 Robson, 2003, Magnetic resonance: an introduction to ultrashort TE (UTE) imaging, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 27, 825, 10.1097/00004728-200311000-00001 Dixon, 1984, Simple proton spectroscopic imaging, Radiology, 153, 189, 10.1148/radiology.153.1.6089263 Seo, 2011, Feasibility of whole-body MRI for detecting metastatic myxoid liposarcoma: a case series, Orthopedics, 34, e748, 10.3928/01477447-20110922-15 Costelloe, 2012, Fast Dixon whole-body MRI for detecting distant cancer metastasis: a preliminary clinical study, J Magn Reson Imaging, 35, 399, 10.1002/jmri.22815 Manenti, 2011, Role of combined DWIBS/3D-CE-T1w whole-body MRI in tumor staging: comparison with PET–CT, Eur J Radiol MacDonald, 2011, Effects of MR surface coils on PET quantification, Med Phys, 38, 2948, 10.1118/1.3583697 Delso, 2010, Evaluation of the attenuation properties of MR equipment for its use in a whole-body PET/MR scanner, Phys Med Biol, 55, 4361, 10.1088/0031-9155/55/15/011 Tellmann, 2011, The effect of MR surface coils on PET quantification in whole-body PET/MR: results from a pseudo-PET/MR phantom study, Med Phys, 38, 2795, 10.1118/1.3582699 Qi, 2006, Iterative reconstruction techniques in emission computed tomography, Phys Med Biol, 51, R541, 10.1088/0031-9155/51/15/R01 Leahy, 1991, Incorporation of anatomical MR data for improved functional imaging with PET, Lect Notes Comput Sci, 511, 105, 10.1007/BFb0033746 Bowsher, 1996, Bayesian reconstruction and use of anatomical a priori information for emission tomography, IEEE Trans Med Imaging, 15, 673, 10.1109/42.538945 Wang, 2003, Incorporation of correlated MR images in MAP reconstruction of PET images, J Nucl Med, 44, 278 Vriens, 2010, Methodological considerations in quantification of oncological FDG PET studies, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 37, 1408, 10.1007/s00259-009-1306-7 Tsoumpas, 2010, Simultaneous PET–MR acquisition and MR-derived motion fields for correction of non-rigid motion in PET, Ann Nucl Med, 24, 745, 10.1007/s12149-010-0418-2 Picard, 1997, Motion correction of PET images using multiple acquisition frames, IEEE Trans Med Imaging, 16, 137, 10.1109/42.563659 Haacke, 1999 King, 2012, Thoracic respiratory motion estimation from MRI using a statistical model and a 2-D image navigator, Med Image Anal, 16, 252, 10.1016/j.media.2011.08.003 Guérin, 2011, Nonrigid PET motion compensation in the lower abdomen using simultaneous tagged-MRI and PET imaging, Med Phys, 38, 3025, 10.1118/1.3589136 Gambhir, 2004, Quantitative assay development for PET, 125 Adam, 2001, Performance of a whole-body PET scanner using curve-plate NaI(Tl) detectors, J Nucl Med, 42, 1821 Zaidi, 2011, Design and performance evaluation of a whole-body Ingenuity TF PET–MRI system, Phys Med Biol, 56, 3091, 10.1088/0031-9155/56/10/013 Hoffman, 1979, Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 1. Effect of object size, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 3, 299, 10.1097/00004728-197906000-00001 Mazziotta, 1981, Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 5. Physical–anatomical effects, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 5, 734, 10.1097/00004728-198110000-00029 Greuter, 2003, Measurement of 18F-FDG concentrations in blood samples: comparison of direct calibration and standard solution methods, J Nucl Med Technol, 31, 206 de Geus-Oei, 2006, Comparison of image-derived and arterial input functions for estimating the rate of glucose metabolism in therapy-monitoring 18F-FDG PET studies, J Nucl Med, 47, 945 Muller-Gartner, 1992, Measurement of radiotracer concentration in brain gray matter using positron emission tomography: MRI-based correction for partial volume effects, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 12, 571, 10.1038/jcbfm.1992.81 Rousset, 1998, Correction for partial volume effects in PET: principle and validation, J Nucl Med, 39, 904 Boussion, 2006, A multiresolution image based approach for correction of partial volume effects in emission tomography, Phys Med Biol, 51, 1857, 10.1088/0031-9155/51/7/016 Meltzer, 1999, Comparative evaluation of MR-based partial volume correction schemes for PET, J Nucl Med, 40, 2053 Shidahara, 2009, Functional and structural synergy for resolution recovery and partial volume correction in brain PET, Neuroimage, 44, 340, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.012 Torres Martin de Rosales, 2011, Synthesis of 64Cu(II)-bis(dithiocarbamatebisphosphonate) and its conjugation with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: in vivo evaluation as dual-modality PET–MRI agent, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 50, 5509, 10.1002/anie.201007894 Glaus, 2010, In vivo evaluation of (64)Cu-labeled magnetic nanoparticles as a dual-modality PET/MR imaging agent, Bioconjug Chem, 21, 715, 10.1021/bc900511j Choi, 2008, Hybrid nanoparticle probe for dual-modality positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, Angew Chem Int Ed, 47, 6259, 10.1002/anie.200801369 Lee, 2008, PET/MRI dual-modality tumor imaging using arginine–glycine–aspartic (RGD)-conjugated radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles, Nucl Med, 49, 1371, 10.2967/jnumed.108.051243 Gaertner, 2010, Molecular imaging of αvβ3 expression in cancer patients, Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 54, 309 Frullano, 2010, Bimodal MR–PET agent for quantitative pH imaging, Angewandte Chemie, 122, 2432, 10.1002/ange.201000075 Vees, 2009, Assessment of various strategies for 18F-FET PET-guided delineation of target volumes in high-grade glioma, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 36, 182, 10.1007/s00259-008-0943-6 Thorwarth, 2011, Simultaneous 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/MRI for IMRT treatment planning for meningioma: first experience, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 81, 277, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.10.078 Huang, 2011, A comparative study of fused FDG PET/MRI, PET/CT, MRI, and CT imaging for assessing surrounding tissue invasion of advanced buccal squamous cell carcinoma, Clin Nucl Med, 36, 518, 10.1097/RLU.0b013e318217566f Tatsumi, 2011, 18F-FDG PET/MRI fusion in characterizing pancreatic tumors: comparison to PET/CT, Int J Clin Oncol, 16, 408, 10.1007/s10147-011-0202-x Moy, 2010, Role of fusion of prone FDG-PET and magnetic resonance imaging of the breasts in the evaluation of breast cancer, Breast J, 16, 369 Jansen, 2010, Noninvasive assessment of tumor microenvironment using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography imaging in neck nodal metastases, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 77, 1403, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.009 Cho, 2009, Noninvasive multimodality imaging of the tumor microenvironment: registered dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography studies of a preclinical tumor model of tumor hypoxia, Neoplasia, 11, 247, 10.1593/neo.81360 Zhang, 2011, Multimodality imaging of tumor response to Doxil, Theranostics., 1, 302, 10.7150/thno/v01p0302 Atuegwu, 2010, The integration of quantitative multi-modality imaging data into mathematical models of tumors, Phys Med Biol, 55, 2429, 10.1088/0031-9155/55/9/001 Hricak, 1984, Body MRI: alleviation of claustrophobia by prone positioning, Radiology, 152, 819, 10.1148/radiology.152.3.6463267 Quirk, 1989, Evaluation of three psychologic interventions to reduce anxiety during MR imaging, Radiology, 173, 759, 10.1148/radiology.173.3.2682775 Quirk, 1989, Anxiety in patients undergoing MR imaging, Radiology, 170, 463, 10.1148/radiology.170.2.2911670 Flaherty, 1989, Emotional distress during magnetic resonance imaging, N Engl J Med, 320, 467, 10.1056/NEJM198902163200716 Meléndez, 1993, Anxiety-related reactions associated with magnetic resonance imaging examinations, JAMA, 270, 745, 10.1001/jama.1993.03510060091039 Katz, 1994, Anxiety and its determinants in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging, J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 25, 131, 10.1016/0005-7916(94)90005-1 Murphy, 1997, Adult claustrophobia, anxiety and sedation in MRI, Magn Reson Imaging, 15, 51, 10.1016/S0730-725X(96)00351-7 Hamblen, 2003, Clinical 18F-FDG oncology patient preparation techniques, J Nucl Med Technol, 31, 3 Mawlawi, 2008, Factors affecting quantification in PET/CT imaging, Curr Med Imaging Rev, 4, 34, 10.2174/157340508783502778 Cohade, 2003, Uptake in supraclavicular area fat (“USA-Fat”): description on 18F-FDG PET/CT, J Nucl Med, 44, 170 Yeung, 2003, Patterns of [18]F FDG uptake in adipose tissue and muscle: a potential source of false-positives for PET, J Nucl Med, 44, 1789 McQuattie, 2008, Pediatric PET/CT imaging: tips and techniques, J Nucl Med Technol, 36, 171, 10.2967/jnmt.108.051995 Veitch, 2000, Pediatric nuclear medicine, part I: developmental cues, J Nucl Med Technol, 28, 3 Eisenhauer, 2009, New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1), Eur J Cancer, 45, 228, 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026