Systemic Therapy in Breast Cancer

A’Hera RP, Ebbs SR, Baum MB. Does chemotherapy improve survival in advanced breast cancer? A statistical overview. British Journal of Cancer 57: 615–618, 1988 Aisner J, Weinberg V, Perloff M, et al. Chemoimmunotherapy for advanced breast cancer: a randomised comparison of 6 combinations (CMF, CAF, CAFVP) each with and without MER immunotherapy. A CALGB study. Abstract C-433. Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 22: 443A, 1981 Alexiera-Figusch J, van Gilse HA, Hop WCJ, et al. Progestin therapy in advanced breast cancer: megestrol acetate - an evaluation of 160 treated cases. Cancer 46: 2369, 1980 Allegra J, Lippman M, Thompson E, et al. Oestrogen receptor status: an important variable in predicting response to endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 16: 323–331, 1990 Anseld FJ, Kallas GJ, Singson JP. Clinical results with megestrol acetate in patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics 155: 888–890, 1982 Ansfield FJ, Ramirez G, Mackman S, et al. A ten year study of 5-flurouracil in disseminated breast cancer with clinical results and survival time. Cancer Research 29: 1062–1066, 1969 Antman K, Gale RP. Advanced breast cancer high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow autotransplants. Annals of Internal Medicine 108: 570–574, 1988 Beatson GT. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma in mamma: suggestion for new method of treatment with illustrative cases. Lancet 2: 104–107, 1896 Bedwinek J, Rao D, Perez C. Stage III and localised stage IV breast cancer. Irradiation alone versus irradiation plus surgery. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology Physics 8: 31–36, 1982 Bonadonna G. Conceptual and practical advances in the management of breast cancer. Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. Journal of Clinical Oncology 7: 1380–1397, 1989 Bonadonna G, Brusamolino E, Valgussa P, et al. Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 244: 405–410, 1976 Bonadonna G, Valagussa P. Chemotherapy of breast cancer. Current views and results. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 9: 279–297, 1983 Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Tancini G, et al. Current status of Milan adjuvant chemotherapy trials for node positive and node negative breast cancer. National Cancer Institute Monographs 1: 45–49, 1986 Breast Cancer Trials Committee, Scottish Cancer Trials Office (MRC), Edinburgh. Adjuvant tamoxifen in the management of operable breast cancer. The Scottish trial. Lancet 1: 171–178, 1987 Bryson HM, Plosker GL. Tamoxifen. A review of pharmacoeconomic and quality of life considerations for its use as adjuvant therapy in women with breast cancer. PharmacoEconomics 4: 40–66, 1992 Butzow R, Huntaniemi I, Clyton R, et al. Cultured mammary carcinoma cells contain gonadotrophin-releasing hormone like immunoreactivity, GnRH binding sites and chorionic gonadotropin. International Journal of Cancer 39: 498–501, 1987 Byar D, Sears M, McGuire W. Relationship between oestrogen receptor values and clinical data in predicting response to endocrine therapy for patients with advanced breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 15: 299–310, 1979 Ciocca DR, Puy LA, Fasoli LC, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in biopsies from breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 15: 175–184, 1990 Cooper RG. Combination chemotherapy in hormone resistant breast cancer. Abstract 57. Proceedings of the American Association of Cancer Research 10: 15, 1969 Coyle D, Tolley K. Discounting of health benefits in the pharmacoeconomic analysis of drug therapies: an issue for debate? PharmacoEconomics 2: 153–162, 1992 Creech R, Catalano RB, Harris DT, et al. Low dose chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate, 5-flurouracil (CAMF) versus sequential cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-flurouracil (CMF) and adriamycin. Cancer 43: 51–59, 1979 Daly E, Roche M, Barlow D, et al. HRT: an analysis of benefits, risks and costs. British Medical Bulletin 48: 368–400, 1992 Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. Beneficial effect of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in primary breast cancer patients with high oestrogen receptor values. Lancet 1: 16–19, 1985 de Koning HJ, van Ineveld BM, de Haes JCJM, et al. Advanced breast cancer and its prevention by screening. British Journal of Cancer 65: 950–955, 1992 De Nosaquo N. Androgens and estrogens in the treatment of disseminated mammary cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association 17: 1271–1283, 1960 Desch CE, Hillner BE, Smith TJ, et al. Should the elderly receive chemotherapy for node-negative breast cancer? A cost-effectiveness analysis examining total and active life-expectancy outcomes. Journal of Clinical Oncology 11: 777–782, 1993 Deusch CE, Lasala MR, Smith TJ, et al. The optimal timing of autologous bone marrow transplantation in Hodgkin’s disease patients after a chemotherapy relapse. Journal of Clinical Oncology 10: 200–209, 1992 Drammond MF, Stoddart GL, Torrance GW. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford, New York, Toronto, 1987 Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy. Lancet 339: 1–15, 71–85, 1992 Edelson JT, Weinstein MC, Tosteson ANA, et al. Long-term cost-effectiveness of various initial monotherapies for mild to moderate hypertension. Journal of the American Medical Association 263; 407–413, 1990 Epstein RJ. Does the breast cancer dollar make sense? European Journal of Cancer 28: 486–491, 1992 Fey MF, Brunner KW, Sonntag RW. Prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Clinical Trials 4: 237–247, 1981 Fisher B, Bauer M, Wickerham L, et al. Relation of the number of positive axillary nodes to the prognosis of patients with primary breast cancer. Cancer 52: 1551–1557, 1983 Fisher B, Brown AM, Dimitrov NV, et al. Two months of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide with and without interval re-induction therapy compared with six months of CMF in positive node breast cancer patients with tamoxifen non-responding tumors: results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-15. Journal of Clinical Oncology 8: 1483–1496, 1990 Fisher B, Costantino J, Redmond C, et al. A randomised clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node negative breast cancer who have ER positive tumors. New England Journal of Medicine 320: 479–484, 1989 Fisher B, Slack N, Katrych D, Wolmark IV et al. Ten year follow-up results of patients with carcinoma of the breast in a cooperative clinical trial evaluating surgical adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgery Gynecology and Obstetrics 140: 528–534, 1975 Fornander T, Cedermark B, Mattson A, et al. Adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer: occurrence of new primary cancers. Lancet 2: 117–120, 1989 Freund DA, Dittus RS. Principles of pharmacoeconomic analysis of drug therapy. PharmacoEconomics 1: 20–32, 1992 Garner TI, Dardis TI. Cost-effectiveness analysis of end-stage renal disease treatments. Medical Care 25: 25–34, 1987 Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A. A new endpoint for the assessment of adjuvant chemotherapy in postmenopausal women with operable breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 4: 1772–1779, 1986 Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Cavalli F. Quality-of-life-adjusted evaluation of adjuvant therapies for operable breast cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine 114: 621–628, 1991 Glasziou PP, Simes RJ, Gelber RD. Quality adjusted survival analysis. Statistics in Medicine 9: 1259–1276, 1990 Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Simes RJ, et al. Costs and benefits of adjuvant therapy in breast cancer: a quality adjusted survival analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology 7: 36–44, 1939 Gundersen S, Kvinnsland S, Klepp O. Weekly adriamycin versus VAC in advanced breast cancer. A randomised trial. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 12: 1431–1434, 1986 Haagensen C, Stout A. Carcinoma of the breast: criteria of operability. Annals of Surgery 118: 859–870, 1943 Hacene K, Desplaces A, Brunet M, et al. Competitive prognostic value of clinicopathological and bioimmunological factors in primary breast cancer. Cancer 57: 245–250, 1986 Hahnel R, Woodings T, Vivian AB. Prognostic value of estrogen receptors in primary breast cancer. Cancer 44: 671–675, 1979 Harris JR, Morrow M, Bonadonna G. Cancer of the Breast. In De Vita et al. (Eds) Cancer. Principles and practice of oncology, 4th ed., pp. 1264–1332, JB Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1993 Hayward JL, Rubens RD, Carbone PP, Heuson JC, Kumaoka S et al. Assessment of response to therapy in advanced breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer 35: 292–298, 1977 Hillner BE, Smith TJ. Efficacy and cost effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with node-negative breast cancer. A decision-analysis model. New England Journal of Medicine 324: 161–168, 1991 Hillner BE, Smith TJ. Estimating the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of adjuvant tamoxifen versus tamoxifen plus adjuvant chemotherapy in post menopausal node positive breast cancer. A decision analysis model. Abstract 46, Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 11: 55, 1992 Hillner BE, Smith TJ, Desch CE. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of autologous bone marrow transplantation in metastatic breast cancer. Estimates using decision analysis while awaiting clinical trial results. Journal of the American Medical Association 267: 2055–2061, 1992 Hillner BE, Smith TJ, Desch CE. Assessing the cost effectiveness of adjuvant therapies in early breast cancer using a decision analysis model. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 25: 97–105, 1993 Hryniuk W, Levine MN. Analysis of dose intensity for adjuvant chemotherapy trials in stage II breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 4: 1162–1170, 1986 Huggins C, Bergenstal DM. Inhibition of human mammary and prostatic cancer by adrenalectomy. Cancer Research 1: 134–141, 1952 Hurley SF, Huggins RM, Snyder RD, et al. The cost of breast cancer recurrences. British Journal of Cancer 65: 449–455, 1992 Irvin RJ, Kuhn JG. Financial considerations in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Treatment and Research 60: 207–222, 1992 Kaplan RM. Quality of life assessment for cost/utility studies in cancer. Cancer Treatment Review 19(Suppl. A): 85S–96S, 1993 Katz DA, Welch HG. Discounting in cost-effectiveness analysis of healthcare programmes. PharmacoEconomics 4: 276–285, 1993 Kennedy BJ. Massive oestrogen administration in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 15: 641–648, 1962 Kiang DT, Kennedy BJ. Tamoxifen (antiestrogen) therapy in advanced breast cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine 87: 687–690, 1977 Klijn JGM, de Jong FH. Treatment with luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone analogue (buserelin) in premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. Lancet 1: 1213–1226, 1982 Kofman S, Nagamani D, Buenger RE, et al. The use of prednisolone in the treatment of disseminated breast cancer. Cancer 11: 226–232, 1958 Kvinnsland S, Lønning PE, Dahl O. Treatment of breast carcinoma with aminoglutethimide. Acta Radiologica e Oncologica 23: 421–424, 1984 Landefeld JS, Seskin EP. The economic value of life: linking theory to practice. American Journal of Public Health 72: 555–566, 1982 Langlands AO, Pocock SJ, Kerr GR, et al. Long-term survival of patients with breast cancer: a study of the curability of the disease. British Medical Journal 2: 1247–1251, 1979 Laupacis A, Feeny D, Detsky AS, Tugwell PX. How attractive does a new technology have to be to warrant adoption and utilization? Tentative guidelines for using clinical and economic evaluations. Canadian Medical Association Journal 146(4): 473–481, 1991 Littenberg B, Garber AM, Sox HC. Screening for hypertension. Annals of Internal Medicine 112: 192–202, 1990 Love R, Wiebe DA, Newcomb PA, et al. Effects of tamoxifen on cardiovascular risk factors in premenopausal women. Annals of Internal Medicine 115: 860–864, 1991 Luft R, Olivecrona H, Sjøgren B. Hypophysectomy in man. Nordic Medicine 47: 351–354, 1954 Magriples U, Naftolin F, Schartz PE, et al. High grade endometrial carcinoma in tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology 11: 485–490, 1993 McGuire WL. Steroid receptors in human breast cancer. Cancer Research 38: 4289–4291, 1978 Muir C, Waterhouse J, McK T, Powell J, Whelan S. Cancer incidence in five continents, Volume 5, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987 Murray RML, Pitt P. Aminoglutethimide in tamoxifen-resistant patients: the Melbourne experience. Cancer Research 42(Suppl, 8): 3437S–3441S, 1982 Newsome HH, Brown PW, Terz JJ, et al. Medical and surgical adrenalectomy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancer 39: 542–546, 1977 Nissen-Meyer R, Vogt JH. Cortisone treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Acta Unione Internationale Contra Cancrum 15: 1140–1143, 1959 Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation. Controlled trial of tamoxifen as a single adjuvant agent in the management of early breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer 57: 608–611, 1988 Olsen JA. Time preferences for health gains: an empirical investigation. Health Economics 2: 257–265, 1993 Padmanabhan N, Howell A, Rubens RD. Mechanism of action of adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer. Lancet 23: 411–414, 1986 Padmanabhan N, Wang DY, Moore JW, et al. Ovarian function and adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 23: 745–748, 1987 Pandya SJ, McFadden ET, Kalish LA, et al. A retrospective study of earliest indicators of recurrence in patients on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trials for breast cancer. Cancer 55: 202–205, 1985 Plosker GL, Milne RJ. Ondansetron: a pharmacoeconomic and quality-of-life evaluation of its antiemetic activity in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. PharmacoEconomics 2: 285–304, 1992 Ravdin RG, Lewison EF, Slack NH, et al. Results of a clinical trial concerning the worth of prophylactic oophorectomy for breast cancer. Surgery Gynecology and Obstetrics 131: 1055–1064, 1970 Richards MA, Braysher S, Gregory WM, et al. Advanced breast cancer: use of resources and cost implications. British Journal of Cancer 67: 856–860, 1993 Ross MB, Buzdar AU, Smith TL, et al. Improved survival of patients with metastatic breast receiving combination chemotherapy. Comparison of consecutive series of patients in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Cancer 55: 341–346, 1985 Rutqvist LE. Increasing incidence and constant mortality rates of breast cancer: item trends in Stockholm County 1961-1973. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 4: 233–243, 1984 Rutqvist LE, Mattsson A. Cardiac and thromboembic morbidity among postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer in a randomised trial of adjuvant tamoxifen. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85: 1398–1406, 1993 Sackett DL, Torrance GW. The utility of different health states as perceived by the general public. Journal of Chronic Diseases 31: 697–704, 1978 Santen RJ, Manni A, Harvey H, et al. Endocrine treatment of breast cancer in women. Endocrine Reviews 11: 221–265, 1990 Schapira DV. Breast cancer surveillance - a cost-effective strategy. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 25: 107–111, 1993 Shapiro CL, Henderson IC, Gelman RS. A randomised trial of 15 versus 30 weeks of adjuvant chemotherapy in high risk breast cancer patients. Results after a median follow-up of 9.1 years. Abstract 50, Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 10: 44, 1991 Schulman KA, Lynn LA, Glick HA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of low-dose zidovudine therapy for asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Annals of Internal Medicine 114: 798–802, 1991 Sheldon T, Hayes D, Cady B, et al. Primary radiation for locally advanced breast cancer. Cancer 60: 1219–1225, 1987 Sleven ML, Stubbs L, Plant HJ, et al. Attitude to chemotherapy: comparing views of patients with cancer with those of doctors, nurses, and general public. British Medical Journal 300: 1458–1460, 1990 Smith RD, Hall J, Gurney H, et al. A cost-utility approach to the use of flumuracil and levamisole as adjuvant chemotherapy for Duke’s C colonic carcinoma. Medical Journal of Australia 158: 319–321, 1993 Smith LE, Harris AL, Morgen M, et al. Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethamide in advanced breast carcinoma: a randomised cross-over trial. British Medical Journal 283: 1432–1434, 1981 Smith TJ, Hillner B. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of adjuvant therapy of early breast cancer in premenopausal women. Journal of Clinical Oncology 11: 771–776, 1993 Sprangers MAG, Aaronson NK. The role of health care providers and significant others in evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic disease: a review. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 45: 743–760, 1992 Swain MS. Selection of therapy for stage III breast cancer. Surgery Clinics of North America 70: 1061–1080, 1990 Swenerton KD, Legha SS, Smith T, et al. Prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer treatment with combination chemotherapy. Cancer Research 39: 1552–1562, 1979 The Scottish Breast Cancer Committee. Fatal myocardial infarction in the Scottish adjuvant tamoxifen trial. British Medical Journal 303: 435–437, 1991 Weinstein MC, Stason WB. Foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis for health and medical practices. New England Journal of Medicine 296: 716–721, 1977 Weinstein MC, Stason WB. Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 66(Suppl. 8): 56S–66S, 1982 Winchester DP, Sener SF, Khanderkar ID. Symptomatology as an indicator of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 43: 956–960, 1979 Zwaveling A, Albers GMR, Felthuis W, et al. An evaluation of routine follow up for detection of breast cancer recurrences. Journal of Surgical Oncology 34: 194–197, 1987