Sự hỗ trợ xã hội được cảm nhận giữa những kẻ bắt nạt, nạn nhân và những người vừa là kẻ bắt nạt vừa là nạn nhân

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Tập 36 - Trang 984-994 - 2006
Melissa K. Holt1, Dorothy L. Espelage2
1Research Assistant Professor, Family Research Laboratory and Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, England
2Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng sự hỗ trợ xã hội đóng vai trò bảo vệ trong số thanh thiếu niên, nhưng rất ít nghiên cứu cụ thể đánh giá chức năng của nó trong số những người trẻ tham gia hành vi bắt nạt. Do đó, nghiên cứu này đã xem xét mối quan hệ giữa sự hỗ trợ xã hội, tình trạng kẻ bắt nạt/nạn nhân và tình trạng tâm lý trong một mẫu gồm 784 thanh thiếu niên đa chủng tộc. Chúng tôi đánh giá sự khác biệt trong sự hỗ trợ xã hội được cảm nhận giữa các kiểu kẻ bắt nạt/nạn nhân, và đánh giá sự hỗ trợ xã hội từ bạn bè và mẹ như là những yếu tố bảo vệ trong nhóm nạn nhân, kẻ bắt nạt, và những người vừa là kẻ bắt nạt vừa là nạn nhân. Thanh thiếu niên được phân loại là không tham gia (61.6%), kẻ bắt nạt (14.3%), nạn nhân (12.5%), và những người vừa là kẻ bắt nạt vừa là nạn nhân (11.6%). Những thanh thiếu niên không tham gia báo cáo có sự hỗ trợ từ bạn bè và mẹ nhiều nhất và có mức độ lo âu/trầm cảm thấp nhất. Các phân tích đa biến cho thấy có một sự tương tác đáng kể giữa các nhóm kẻ bắt nạt/nạn nhân và sự hỗ trợ xã hội từ bạn bè. Cụ thể, những kẻ bắt nạt, nạn nhân và những người vừa là kẻ bắt nạt vừa là nạn nhân báo cáo có sự hỗ trợ xã hội từ bạn bè ở mức độ trung bình cũng cho thấy mức độ lo âu/trầm cảm thấp nhất. Kết quả nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc khuyến khích thanh thiếu niên phát triển và sử dụng hiệu quả các mạng lưới hỗ trợ bạn bè như một phần của các chương trình can thiệp chống bắt nạt.

Từ khóa

#sự hỗ trợ xã hội #thanh thiếu niên #bắt nạt #nạn nhân #tress tâm lý #hỗ trợ từ bạn bè #can thiệp chống bắt nạt

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