Characterization of the 3D geometry of flow-like landslides: A methodology based on the integration of heterogeneous multi-source data

Aguilar, 2005, Effects of terrain morphology, sampling density and interpolation methods on grid DEM accuracy, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 71, 805, 10.14358/PERS.71.7.805 Angeli, 2000, A critical review of landslide monitoring experiences, Engineering Geology, 55, 133, 10.1016/S0013-7952(99)00122-2 Apel, 2006, From 3D geomodelling systems towards 3D geoscience information systems: data model, query functionality and data management, Computer & Geosciences, 32, 222, 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.016 Arnaud, 2000 Bancroft, 1986, Distribution of kriging error and stationarity of the variogram in a coal property, Mathematical Geology, 18, 635 Bichler, 2004, Three-dimensional mapping of a landslide using a multi-geophysical approach: the Quesnel Forks landslide, Landslides, 1, 29, 10.1007/s10346-003-0008-7 Bishop, 2001, A comparison of prediction methods for the creation of field-extent soil property maps, Geoderma, 103, 149, 10.1016/S0016-7061(01)00074-X Brunsden, 1999, Some geomorphological considerations for the future development of landslides models, Geomorphology, 30, 13, 10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00041-0 Burgess, 1981, Optimal interpolation and isarithmetic mapping of soil properties: sampling strategy, Journal of Soil Science, 32, 643, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1981.tb01737.x Casson, 2003, Seventeen years of the La Clapière landslide evolution analysed from ortho-rectified aerial photographs, Engineering Geology, 68, 123, 10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00201-6 Caumon, 2009, Teacher's aide: 3D modeling of geological structures, Mathematical Geosciences, 41, 927, 10.1007/s11004-009-9244-2 Caumon, 2010, Towards stochastic time-varying geological modeling, Mathematical Geosciences, 42, 555, 10.1007/s11004-010-9280-y Chaplot, 2006, Accuracy of interpolation techniques for the derivation of digital elevation models in relation to landform types and data density, Geomorphology, 77, 126, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.12.010 Clarke, 2004, Confidence in geological interpretation. A methodology for evaluating uncertainty in common two and three-dimensional representations of sub-surface geology Colas, 1993, Glissement et coulée de La Valette dans les Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: présentation générale et modélisation de la coulée, Bulletin de Liaison du Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussées, 187, 19 Cornforth, 2005 Crozier, 2010, Landslide geomorphology: an argument for recognition, with examples from New Zealand, Geomorphology, 120, 3, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.010 Cruden, 1996, Landslide types and processes, 247, 36 Delacourt, 2007, Remote-sensing techniques for analysing landslide kinematics: a review, Bulletin de Société Géologique de France, 178, 89, 10.2113/gssgfbull.178.2.89 Declercq, 1996, Interpolation methods for scattered sample data: accuracy, spatial patterns, processing time, Cartography and Geographical Information Systems, 23, 128, 10.1559/152304096782438882 Desmet, 1997, Effects of interpolation errors on the analysis of DEMs, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 22, 563, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199706)22:6<563::AID-ESP713>3.0.CO;2-3 Erdogan, 2009, A comparison of interpolation methods for producing digital elevation models at the fields scale, Earth Surface Processes Landforms, 34, 366, 10.1002/esp.1731 Evans, 2003, Current themes, issues and challenges concerning the prediction of sub-surface conditions, 359 Fisher, 2006, Causes and consequences of error in digital elevation models, Progress in Physical Geography, 30, 467, 10.1191/0309133306pp492ra Flageollet, 2000, The 3D structure of the Super Sauze earth flow: a first stage towards modelling its behaviour, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 25, 785, 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00102-7 Gallerini, 2009, 3D modeling using geognostic data: the case of the low valley of Foglia river (Italy), Computer & Geosciences, 35, 146, 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.09.012 Genet, J., Malet, J.-P., 1997. Détermination de la structure tridimensionnelle du glissement de terrain de Super-Sauze par une investigation géotechnique, Master Thesis, University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France, 138 pp. Golden Software, 2002, Chapter 4: Creating grid files Grandjean, 2007, Geophysical data fusion by fuzzy logic for imaging the mechanical behaviour of mudslides, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 178, 127, 10.2113/gssgfbull.178.2.127 Gundogdu, 2007, Spatial analysis of groundwater levels using universal kriging, Journal Earth System Sciences, 116, 49, 10.1007/s12040-007-0006-6 Hengl, 2006, Finding the right pixel size, Computer & Geosciences, 32, 1283, 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.008 Jaboyedoff, 2009, Structural analysis of Turtle Mountain (Alberta) using digital elevation model: toward a progressive failure, Geomorphology, 103, 5, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.04.012 Jongmans, 2007, Geophysical investigation of landslides: a review, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 2, 101, 10.2113/gssgfbull.178.2.101 Jones, 2009, Integration of regional to outcrop digital data: 3D visualization of multi-scale geological models, Computer & Geosciences, 35, 4, 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.09.007 Jordan, 2006, Adaptive smoothing of valleys in DEMs using TIN interpolation from ridgeline elevations: an application to morphotectonic aspect analysis, Computer & Geosciences, 33, 573, 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.08.010 Kalenchuk, 2009, Application of spatial prediction techniques to defining three-dimensional shear surface geometry, Landslide, 6, 321, 10.1007/s10346-009-0168-1 Kaufmann, 2008, 3D geological modelling from boreholes, cross-sections and geological maps, application over former natural gas storages in coal mines, Computer & Geosciences, 34, 278, 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.09.005 Kienzle, 2004, The effect of DEM raster resolution on first order, second order and compound terrain derivatives, Transactions in GIS, 8, 83, 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2004.00169.x Lee, 1980, Two algorithms for constructing a Delaunay triangulation, International Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 9, 219, 10.1007/BF00977785 Lelièvre, 2008, Constraining geophysical inversions with geologic information, SEG technical program expanded abstracts, 27, 1223, 10.1190/1.3059139 Maerten, 2006, Chronologic modeling of faulted and fractured reservoirs using geomechanically based restoration; technique and industry applications, Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 90, 1201, 10.1306/02240605116 Malet, 2002, The use of global positioning system for the continuous monitoring of landslides. Application to the Super-Sauze earthflow (Alpes-de-Haute- Provence, France), Geomorphology, 43, 33, 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00098-8 Malet, 2003, Flow susceptibility of heterogeneous marly formations. Implications for torrent hazard control in the Barcelonnette basin (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France), 351 Malet, J.-P., 2003. Les glissements de type écoulement dans les marnes noires des Alpes du Sud. Morphologie, fonctionnement et modélisation hydromécanique. PhD Thesis in Earth Sciences, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, 364 pp. Mallet, 2004, Space-time mathematical framework for sedimentary geology, Mathematical Geology, 36, 1, 10.1023/B:MATG.0000016228.75495.7c Marinoni, 2003, Improving geological models using a combined ordinary-indicator kriging approach, Engineering Geology, 69, 37, 10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00246-6 Martelet, 2004, Integrated 3D geophysical and geological modeling of the Hercynian Suture Zone in the Champtoceaux area (south Brittany, France), Tectonophysics, 382, 117, 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.12.009 McKean, 2004, Objective landslide detection and surface morphology mapping using high-resolution airborne laser altimetry, Geomorphology, 57, 331, 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00164-8 Méric, 2007, Seismic noise-based methods for soft-rock landslide characterization, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 178, 137, 10.2113/gssgfbull.178.2.137 Moretti, 2008, Working in complex areas: new restoration workflow based on quality control, 2D and 3D restorations, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25, 205, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.07.001 Oppikofer, 2009, Characterization and monitoring of the Aknes rockslide using terrestrial laser scanning, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 1003, 10.5194/nhess-9-1003-2009 Picarelli, 1995, Modelling earthflow movement based on experiences, 157 Picarelli, 2001, Transition from slide to earthflow, and the reverse Picarelli, 2005, Main features of mudslides in tectonised highly fissured clay shales, Landslides, 2, 15, 10.1007/s10346-004-0040-2 Poeter, 1995, Reducing uncertainty associated with groundwater-flow and transport predictions, Ground Water, 33, 899, 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00034.x Regli, 2004, GEOSSAV: a simulation tool for sub-surface applications, Computer & Geosciences, 30, 221, 10.1016/j.cageo.2003.10.007 Rockworks Royle, 1981, Practical universal kriging and automatic contouring, Geoprocessing, 1, 377 Savage, 1986, A model for the plastic flow of landslides, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1385, 10.3133/pp1385 Savage, 2006, A plastic flow model for the Acquara-Vadoncello landslide in Senerchia, Southern Italy, Engineering Geology, 83, 4, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.024 Shannon, 1949, Communication in the presence of noise, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 37, 10 Sharma, 1997 Schmutz, 2001, Joint electrical and Time Domain Electromagnetism (TDEM) data inversion applied to the Super Sauze earthflow (France), Surveys in Geophysics, 4, 371 Schmutz, 2009, Determination of the 3D structure of an earthflow by geophysical methods: the case of Super Sauze, in the French southern Alps, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 68, 500, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.12.004 Schulz, 2009, Relations between hydrology and velocity of a continuously moving landslide — evidence of pore-pressure feedback regulating landslide motion?, Landslides, 6, 181, 10.1007/s10346-009-0157-4 Sowers, 1978, Field Investigation, in Landslide Analysis and Control Squarzoni, 2003, Nine years of spatial and temporal evolution of the La Valette landslide observed by SAR interferometry, Engineering Geology, 68, 53, 10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00198-9 Teza, 2008, Characterization of landslide ground surface kinematics from terrestrial scanning and strain field computation, Geomorphology, 97, 424, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.09.003 Travelletti, 2008, Monitoring landslides displacements during a controlled rain experiment using a long-range terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), Vol. XXXVII, 485 Travelletti, 2009, Integration of geomorphological, geophysical and geotechnical data to define the 3D morpho-structure of the La Valette mudslide (Ubaye Valley, French Alps), 203 Turner, 1996, Landslides-investigations and mitigation, 247 van Asch, 2006, Influence of landslide geometry and kinematic deformation to describe the liquefaction of landslides: Some theoretical considerations, Engineering Geology, 88, 59, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.08.002 van Den Eeckhaut, 2005, The effectiveness of hillshade maps and expert knowledge in mapping old deep-seated landslides, Geomorphology, 67, 351, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.001 Varnes, 1996, Deformation and control surveys: Slumgullion landslide. U.S, Geological Survey Bulletin, 2130, 43 Weber, 2000, Contribution of digital photogrammetry in spatio-temporal knowledge of unstable slopes: the example of the Super-Sauze landslide (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France), Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 171, 637, 10.2113/171.6.637 Weng, 2006, An evaluation of spatial interpolation accuracy of elevation data, 805 Zimmerman, 1999, An experimental comparison of ordinary and universal kriging and inverse distance weighting, Mathematical Geology, 31, 375, 10.1023/A:1007586507433