Scavenging: how carnivores and carrion structure communities

Moore, 2004, Detritus, trophic dynamics and biodiversity, Ecol. Lett., 7, 584, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00606.x Hairston, 1960, Community structure, population control, and competition, Am. Nat., 94, 421, 10.1086/282146 DeAngelis, 1989, Nutrient dynamics and food-web stability, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 20, 71, 10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000443 Leroux, 2008, Subsidy hypothesis and strength of trophic cascades across ecosystems, Ecol. Lett., 11, 1147, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01235.x Nowlin, 2008, Comparing resource pulses in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, Ecology, 89, 647, 10.1890/07-0303.1 Schmitz, 2008, Scavengers, 3160 Moore, 1993, Influence of productivity on the stability of real and model-ecosystems, Science, 261, 906, 10.1126/science.261.5123.906 Rooney, 2006, Structural asymmetry and the stability of diverse food webs, Nature, 442, 265, 10.1038/nature04887 van der Zanden, 2002, Fishes as integrators of benthic and pelagic food webs in lakes, Ecology, 83, 2152, 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2152:FAIOBA]2.0.CO;2 Swift, 1979 Shurin, 2006, All wet or dried up? Real differences between aquatic and terrestrial food webs, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 273, 1, 10.1098/rspb.2005.3377 Cornwell, 2008, Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter decomposition rates within biomes worldwide, Ecol. Lett., 11, 1065, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01219.x Putman, 1983 Britton, 1994, Marine carrion and scavengers, Vol. 32, 369 DeVault, 2003, Scavenging by vertebrates: behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on an important energy transfer pathway in terrestrial ecosystems, Oikos, 102, 225, 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12378.x Foltan, 2005, The significance of facultative scavenging in generalist predator nutrition: detecting decayed prey in the guts of predators using PCR, Mol. Ecol., 14, 4147, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02732.x Cortés-Avizanda, 2009, Effects of carrion resources on herbivore spatial distribution are mediated by facultative scavengers, Basic Appl. Ecol., 10, 265, 10.1016/j.baae.2008.03.009 Lafferty, 2008, Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links, Ecol. Lett., 11, 533, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01174.x Pascual, 2006, From small to large ecological networks in a dynamic world, 3 McCann, 1998, Weak trophic interactions and the balance of nature, Nature, 395, 794, 10.1038/27427 Polis, 1998, Ecology – stability is woven by complex webs, Nature, 395, 744, 10.1038/27323 Allesina, S., Pascual, M. (2009) Googling food webs: can an Eigenvector measure species’ importance for coextinctions? PLoS Comput. Biol. DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000494 Polis, 1996, Food web complexity and community dynamics, Am. Nat., 147, 813, 10.1086/285880 Holt, 1977, Predation, apparent competition, and structure of prey communities, Theor. Popul. Biol., 12, 197, 10.1016/0040-5809(77)90042-9 Cebrian, 2004, Patterns of herbivory and decomposition in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, Ecol. Monogr., 74, 237, 10.1890/03-4019 Odum, 1984, Resource quality, mutualism, and energy partitioning in food chains, Am. Nat., 124, 360, 10.1086/284279 Burkepile, 2006, Chemically mediated competition between microbes and animals: Microbes as consumers in food webs, Ecology, 87, 2821, 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2821:CMCBMA]2.0.CO;2 Hunter, 2007, To flee or not to flee: predator avoidance by cheetahs at kills, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 61, 1033, 10.1007/s00265-006-0336-4 Sterner, 2002 Mduma, 1999, Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record, J. Anim. Ecol., 68, 1101, 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00352.x Holt, 2008, Theoretical perspectives on resource pulses, Ecology, 89, 671, 10.1890/07-0348.1 Wilmers, 2003, Resource dispersion and consumer dominance: scavenging at wolf- and hunter-killed carcasses in Greater Yellowstone, USA, Ecol. Lett., 6, 996, 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00522.x Blazquez, 2009, Spatio-temporal segregation of facultative avian scavengers at ungulate carcasses, Acta Oecol., 35, 645, 10.1016/j.actao.2009.06.002 Abrams, 1987, On classifying interactions between populations, Oecologia, 73, 272, 10.1007/BF00377518 King, 2008, Molecular analysis of predation: a review of best practice for DNA-based approaches, Mol. Ecol., 17, 947, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03613.x Dunne, 2002, Food-web structure and network theory: the role of connectance and size, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 12917, 10.1073/pnas.192407699 Sigler, 2006, Diet of Pacific sleeper shark, a potential Steller sea lion predator, in the north-east Pacific Ocean, J. Fish Biol., 69, 392, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01096.x Huegel, 1985, Winter foraging patterns and consumption rates of northern Wisconsin coyotes, Am. Midl. Nat., 113, 203, 10.2307/2425365 Hewson, 1984, Scavenging and predation upon sheep and lambs in west Scotland, J. Appl. Ecol., 21, 843, 10.2307/2405051 Both, 2010, Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 277, 1259, 10.1098/rspb.2009.1525 McIlroy, 1993, Seasonal patterns in bait consumption by feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in the hill-country of southeastern Australia, Wildl. Res., 20, 637, 10.1071/WR9930637 Foley, 2008, Severe drought and calf survival in elephants, Biol. Lett., 4, 541, 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0370 Snyder, 2006, Ecological effects of invasive arthropod generalist predators, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst., 37, 95, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110107 Lowe, S. et al. (2004) 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species: a selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. p. 12, IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) Imber, 2000, Interactions between petrels, rats and rabbits on Whale Island, and effects of rat and rabbit eradication, N. Z. J. Ecol., 24, 153 Christian, 2009, More species, fewer specialists: 100 years of changes in community composition in an island biogeographical study, Divers. Distrib., 15, 641, 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00569.x Harvell, 2002, Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota, Science, 296, 2158, 10.1126/science.1063699 Altizer, 2006, Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases, Ecol. Lett., 9, 467, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00879.x Wilson, 2009, Climate change and the spread of infectious ideas, Ecology, 90, 901, 10.1890/08-2027.1 Lafferty, 2004, Fishing for lobsters indirectly increases epidemics in sea urchins, Ecol. Appl., 14, 1566, 10.1890/03-5088 Jennelle, 2009, Deer carcass decomposition and potential scavenger exposure to chronic wasting disease, J. Wildl. Manag., 73, 655, 10.2193/2008-282 Wilmers, 2006, Predicting the influence of wolf-provided carrion on scavenger community dynamics under climate change scenarios, Global Change Biol., 12, 403, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01094.x Wilmers, 2006, Predator disease out-break modulates top-down, bottom-up and climatic effects on herbivore population dynamics, Ecol. Lett., 9, 383, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00890.x Bangs, 1996, Reintroducing the gray wolf to central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park, Wildl. Soc. Bull., 24, 402 Wilmers, 2005, Gray wolves as climate change buffers in Yellowstone, PLoS Biol., 3, 571, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030092 van Dijk, 2008, Diet shift of a facultative scavenger, the wolverine, following recolonization of wolves, J. Anim. Ecol., 77, 1183, 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01445.x Cullet, 1996, Dolphin bycatches in tuna fisheries: A smokescreen hiding the real issues?, Ocean Dev. Int. Law, 27, 333, 10.1080/00908329609546088 Hall, 1996, On bycatches, Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher., 6, 319, 10.1007/BF00122585 Read, 2004, Scavengers and detritivores of kangaroo harvest offcuts in arid Australia, Wildl. Res., 31, 51, 10.1071/WR02051 Pauly, 2002, Towards sustainability in world fisheries, Nature, 418, 689, 10.1038/nature01017 Mollmann, 2009, Reorganization of a large marine ecosystem due to atmospheric and anthropogenic pressure: a discontinuous regime shift in the Central Baltic Sea, Global Change Biol., 15, 1377, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01814.x Wilson, 2009, Life history plasticity magnifies the ecological impact of a social wasp invasion, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 106, 12809, 10.1073/pnas.0902979106 Wilson, 2010, Multiple mechanisms underlie displacement of solitary Hawaiian Hymenoptera by an invasive social wasp, Ecology, 91, 3294, 10.1890/09-1187.1 Forsyth, 2003, Density-dependent seed set in the Haleakala silversword: evidence for an Allee effect, Oecologia, 136, 551, 10.1007/s00442-003-1295-3 Wilmers, 2003, Trophic facilitation by introduced top predators: grey wolf subsidies to scavengers in Yellowstone National Park, J. Anim. Ecol., 72, 909, 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00766.x Gese, 1996, Foraging ecology of coyotes (Canis latrans): The influence of extrinsic factors and a dominance hierarchy, Can. J. Zool., 74, 769, 10.1139/z96-089