Surface-Layer Fluxes in Stable Conditions
Tóm tắt
Micrometeorological tower data from the Microfronts experiment are analyzed. Scale-dependencies of the flux and flux sampling error are combined to automatically determine Reynolds turbulence cut-off time scales for computing fluxes from time series. The computed downward heat flux at the 3 m height averaged over nine nights with 7.3 hours each night is 20% greater than the downward heat flux computed at the 10 m height. In contrast, there is only a 1.2% difference between 3 m and 10 m heat fluxes averaged over daytime periods, and there is less than a 2% difference between 3 m and 10 m momentum fluxes whether averaged over nighttime or daytime periods. Stability functions, φM(z/L) and φH(z/L) are extended to z/L up to 10, where z is the observational height and L is the Obukhov length. For 0.01 < z/L < 1 the estimated φ functions generally agree with Businger-Dyer formulations, though the φH estimates include more scatter compared to the φM estimates. For 1 < z/L < 10, the flux intermittency increases, the flux Richardson number exceeds 0.2, and the number of flux samples decreases. Nonetheless the estimates of the stability function φM based on 3-m fluxes are closer to the formula proposed by Beljaars and Holtslag in 1991 while the φM functions based on 10-m fluxes appears to be closer to the formula proposed by Businger et al. in 1971. The stability function φH levels off at z/L = 0.5.
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