8 Alloimmune conditions and pregnancy

ACOG, 1990, Management of D isoimmunization in pregnancy Ananth, 1989, Does midtrimester ΔOD 450 of amniotic fluid reflect severity of Rh disease?, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 161, 47, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90230-5 Benacerraf, 1985, Sonographic sign for the detection of early ascites in the management of severe isoimmune disease without intrauterine transfusion, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 152, 1039, 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90556-3 Berkowitz, 1981, Intrauterine transfusion utilizing ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 57, 33 Berkowitz, 1982, Death in utero due to Kell sensitization without elevation of the ΔOD 450 value in amniotic fluid, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 60, 746 Berkowitz, 1988, Intravascular monitoring and management of erythroblastosis fetalis, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 158, 783, 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90073-7 Bevis, 1956, Blood pigments in haemolytic disease of the newborn, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 63, 68, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1956.tb05435.x Bowell, 1988, Antenatal fetal blood sampling for the management of alloimmunized pregnancies: effect upon maternal anti-D potency levels, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 95, 759, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06549.x Bowman, 1978, The management of Rh isoimmunization, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 52, 1 Bowman, 1989, Hemolytic disease (erythroblastosis fetalis), 613 Bowman, 1983, Intrauterine fetal transfusions: Winnipeg 1982, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 61, 203 Brown, 1983, The rhesus antigen: a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid, American Journal of Pathology, 110, 127 Burrows, 1988, Incidentally detected thrombocytopenia in healthy mothers and their infants, New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 142, 10.1056/NEJM198807213190304 Bussel, 1988, Antenatal treatment of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 1374, 10.1056/NEJM198811243192103 Caine, 1986, Kell sensitization in pregnancy, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 154, 85, 10.1016/0002-9378(86)90398-4 Chitkara, 1988, The role of sonography in assessing severity of fetal anemia in Rh- and Kell immunized pregnancies, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 71, 393 Copel, 1986, Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling in the management of Kell isoimmunization, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 67, 288, 10.1097/00006250-198602000-00025 Copel, 1988, Pulsed Doppler flow-velocity waveforms before and after intrauterine intravascular transfusion for severe erythroblastosis fetalis, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 158, 768, 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90070-1 Copel, 1989, Pulsed Doppler flow-velocity waveforms in the prediction of fetal hematocrit of the severely immunized pregnancy, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 161, 341, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90516-4 Crombleholme, 1991, Transplantation of fetal cells, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 164, 218, 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90656-C Daffos, 1985, Fetal blood sampling during pregnancy with use of a needle guided by ultrasound: A study of 606 consecutive cases, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 153, 655, 10.1016/S0002-9378(85)80254-4 DeVore, 1981, Dilation of the fetal umbilical vein in rhesus hemolytic anemia: a predictor of severe disease, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 141, 464, 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90612-8 Feinkind, 1990, Abruptio placentae after percutaneous umbilical cord sampling: a case report, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 162, 1203, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90017-2 Frigoletto, 1986, Ultrasonographic fetal surveillance in the management of the immunized pregnancy, New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 430, 10.1056/NEJM198608143150705 Grannum, 1988, The reversal of hydrops fetalis by intravascular intrauterine transfusion in severe isoimmune fetal anemia, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 158, 914, 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90094-4 Harman, 1990, Intrauterine transfusion-intraperitoneal versus intravascular approach: A case-control comparison, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 162, 1053, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)91314-3 James, 1978, Nearest neighbor analysis on the distribution of Rh antigens on erythrocyte membranes, British Journal of Haematology, 40, 657, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1978.tb05841.x Jones, 1988, Maternal-fetal cell surface antigen incompatibilities, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, 2, 577 Kaplan, 1988, Management of alloimmune thrombocytopenia: antenatal diagnosis and in utero transfusion of maternal platelets, Blood, 72, 340, 10.1182/blood.V72.1.340.340 Kodawaki, 1965, XX/YY lymphoid chimerism in congenital deficiency syndrome with thymic alymphoplasia, Lancet, ii, 1152, 10.1016/S0140-6736(65)92559-6 Leggat, 1991, Anti-Kell in pregnancy, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 98, 162, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13362.x Lenke, 1990, Combined intravascular and intraperitoneal transfusions for erythroblastosis fetalis. A report of two cases, Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 35, 425 Liley, 1961, Liquor amnii in the management of the pregnancy complicated by rhesus sensitization, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 82, 1359, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)36265-2 Liley, 1963, Errors in assessment of hemolytic disease from amniotic fluid, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 86, 485, 10.1016/0002-9378(63)90174-1 Lischner, 1967, Lymphocytes in congenital absence of the thymus, Nature, 214, 580, 10.1038/214580a0 LoBuglio, 1967, Red cells coated with immunoglobulin G: binding and sphering by mononuclear cells in man, Science, 158, 1582, 10.1126/science.158.3808.1582 Mennuti, 1974, Obstetric management of isoimmune thrombocytopenia, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 118, 565, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33703-6 Mueller-Eckhardt, 1989, 348 cases of suspected neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, Lancet, i, 363, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91733-9 Naiman, 1969, Possible graft-versus-host reaction after intrauterine transfusion for Rh erythroblastosis fetalis, New England Journal of Medicine, 281, 697, 10.1056/NEJM196909252811303 Nicolaides, 1986, Have Liley charts outlived their usefulness?, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 155, 90, 10.1016/0002-9378(86)90085-2 Nicolaides, 1986, Rh disease: intravascular blood transfusion by cordocentesis, Fetal Therapy, 1, 185, 10.1159/000262267 Nicolaides, 1988, Failure of ultrasonographic parameters to predict the severity of fetal anemia in rhesus isoimmunization, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 158, 920, 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90095-6 Nicolaides, 1990, Prediction of fetal anemia by measurement of the mean blood velocity in the fetal aorta, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 162, 209, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90852-X Nicolini, 1988, Consequences of fetomaternal haemorrhage after intrauterine transfusion, British Medical Journal, 297, 1379, 10.1136/bmj.297.6660.1379 Nicolini, 1988, In-utero platelet transfusion for alloimmune thrombocytopenia, Lancet, ii, 506, 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90147-X Nicolini, 1989, When to perform the next intra-uterine transfusion in patients with Rh allo-immunization: combined intravascular and intraperitoneal transfusion allows longer intervals, Fetal Therapy, 4, 14, 10.1159/000263385 Nicolini, 1990, Continuing controversy in alloimmune thrombocytopenia: fetal hyperimmunoglobulinemia fails to prevent thrombocytopenia, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 163, 1144, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90674-V Owen, 1945, Immunogenetic consequences of vascular anastomoses between bovine twins, Science, 102, 400, 10.1126/science.102.2651.400 Pielet, 1988, Cordocentesis: an appraisal of risks, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 159, 1497, 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90582-0 Poissonnier, 1989, Two hundred intrauterine exchange transfusions in severe blood incompatibilities, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 161, 709, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90386-4 Pollack, 1982, Identification by HLA typing of intrauterine-derived maternal T cells in four patients with severe combined immunodeficiency, New England Journal of Medicine, 307, 662, 10.1056/NEJM198209093071106 Queenan, 1982, Current management of the Rh-sensitized patient, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 25, 293, 10.1097/00003081-198206000-00009 Reece, 1988, Diagnostic fetal umbilical blood sampling in the management of isoimmunization, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 159, 1057, 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90412-7 Rightmire, 1986, Fetal blood velocities in Rh isoimmunization: relationship to gestational age and to fetal hematocrit, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 68, 233 Rodeck, 1981, Direct intravascular fetal blood transfusion by fetoscopy in severe rhesus isoimmunization, Lancet, i, 625, 10.1016/S0140-6736(81)91549-X Rote, 1982, Pathophysiology of Rh isoimmunization, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 25, 243, 10.1097/00003081-198206000-00004 Scott, 1990, Immunologic disorders in pregnancy, 461 Scott, 1984, Changes in the management of severely Rh-immunized patients, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 149, 336, 10.1016/0002-9378(84)90234-5 Shulman, 1987, Platelet immunology, 452 Sitarz, 1976, Management of isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 124, 39, 10.1016/0002-9378(76)90008-9 Spinnato, 1991, Amniotic fluid bilirubin and fetal hemolytic disease, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 165, 1030, 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90464-3 Turner, 1966, Cytogenetic evidence concerning possible transplacental transfer of leukocytes in pregnant women, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 95, 831, 10.1016/0002-9378(66)90086-X Watts, 1988, Intraperitoneal fetal transfusion under direct ultrasound guidance, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 71, 84 Weiner, 1989, Effect of diagnostic and therapeutic cordocentesis on maternal serum α-fetoprotein concentration, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 161, 706, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90385-2 Weiner, 1991, Management of fetal hemolytic disease by cordocentesis. II. Outcome of treatment, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 165, 1302, 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90355-U Weinstein, 1982, Irregular antibodies causing hemolytic disease of the newborn: a continuing problem, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 25, 321, 10.1097/00003081-198206000-00012 Wilkins, 1989, Amnionitis and life-threatening respiratory distress after percutaneous umbilical blood sampling, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 160, 427, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90465-1