7 Infectious diarrhoea in tropical and subtropical regions

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laboratories, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62, 693, 10.1016/0035-9203(68)90121-1 Gerna, 1985, Human enteric coronaviruses: antigenic relatedness to human coronavirus OC43 and possible etiologic role in viral gastroenteritis, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 151, 796, 10.1093/infdis/151.5.796 Giannella, 1973, Influence of gastric acidity on bacterial and parasitic enteric actions, Annals of Internal Medicine, 78, 271, 10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-271 Giannella, 1973, Studies of fluid secretion, mucosal invasion, and morphologic reaction in the rabbit ileum, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 52, 441, 10.1172/JCI107201 Gracey, 1982, Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis, Lancet, ii, 1304, 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)91510-0 Greenberg, 1985, E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin, 115 Guerrant, 1974, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and alteration of Chinese hamster ovary cell morphology: a rapid, sensitive in vitro assay for the enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli, Infection and Immunity, 10, 320, 10.1128/IAI.10.2.320-327.1974 Guerrant, 1975, Role of toxigenic and invasive bacteria in acute diarrhea of childhood, New England Journal of Medicine, 293, 567, 10.1056/NEJM197509182931201 Guerrant, 1983, Prospective study of diarrheal illness in northeastern Brazil: patterns of disease, nutritional impact, etiologies, and risk factors, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 148, 986, 10.1093/infdis/148.6.986 Gupta, 1985, Clostridium difficile in hospital patients, Indian Journal of Medical Research, 82, 398 Guth, 1986, Variation in chemical properties and antigenic determinants among type II heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli, Infection and Immunity, 54, 529, 10.1128/IAI.54.2.529-536.1986 Heard, 1986, The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile with use of a typing scheme: nosocomial acquisition and cross-infection among immunocompromised patients, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 153, 159, 10.1093/infdis/153.1.159 Hjelt, 1985, 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hemolyticuremic syndrome following shigellosis, Clinical Nephrology, 21, 126 Krivan, 1986, Cell surface binding site for Clostridium difficile enterotoxin: evidence for a glycoconjugate containing the sequence Gal 1–3Gal 1–4GIcNAc, Infection and Immunity, 53, 573, 10.1128/IAI.53.3.573-581.1986 Lawrence, 1980, Experimental pig-bel: the production and pathology of necrotizing enteritis due to Clostridium welchii type C in the guinea pig, British Journal of Experimental Pathology, 61, 261 Lawrence, 1979, Prevention of necrotising enteritis in Papua, New Guinea by active immunization, Lancet, i, 227, 10.1016/S0140-6736(79)90764-5 Levine, 1973, Long-term shigella-carrier state, New England Journal of Medicine, 288, 1169, 10.1056/NEJM197305312882207 Levine, 1981, Duration of infection-derived immunity to cholera, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 143, 818, 10.1093/infdis/143.6.818 Levy, 1976, Jejunal adenylate cyclase activity in human subjects during viral gastroenteritis, Gastroenterology, 70, 321, 10.1016/S0016-5085(76)80140-0 Lima, 1986, Clostridium difficile toxin A: dose response, time course and histologic effects in vivo and in vitro, Clinical Research, 34, 442A Lima, 1986, Dissociation of tissue culture and intestinal effects of C. difficile toxin A, 290 Ljungh, 1977, Aeromonas hydrophila in acute diarrheal disease: detection of enterotoxin and biotyping of strains, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 6, 96 Lloyd-Evans, 1983, A comparison of the prevalence of Campylobacter, Shigella and Salmonella in faeces of malnourished and well nourished children in the Gambia and northern Nigeria, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77, 245, 10.1016/0035-9203(83)90082-2 Lyerly, 1985, Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals, Infection and Immunity, 47, 349, 10.1128/IAI.47.2.349-352.1985 Marshall, 1984, Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration, Lancet, i, 1311, 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91816-6 Mathan, 1984, Enterotoxigenic Campylobacter jejuni among children in South India, Lancet, ii, 981, 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91193-0 Mathewson, 1985, A newly recognized cause of travellers' diarrhea: enteroadherent Escherichia coil, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 151, 471, 10.1093/infdis/151.3.471 Mhalu, 1979, Rapid emergence of el tor Vibrio cholerae resistant to antimicrobial agents during first six months of fourth cholera epidemic in Tanzania, Lancet, i, 345, 10.1016/S0140-6736(79)92889-7 Mitchell, 1986, Effect of toxin A and B of Clostridium difficile on rabbit ileum and colon, Gut, 27, 78, 10.1136/gut.27.1.78 Morris, 1986, Vibrio and Aeromonas, 101 Morris, 1981, Non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in the United States, Annals of Internal Medicine, 94, 656, 10.7326/0003-4819-94-5-656 Morris, 1984, Isolation of nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O Group 1 from a patient with severe gastrointestinal disease, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 19, 296, 10.1128/JCM.19.2.296-297.1984 Moseley, 1980, Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by DNA colony hybridization, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 142, 892, 10.1093/infdis/142.6.892 Murrell, 1966, The ecology and epidemiology of the pig-bel syndrome in man in New Guinea, Journal of Hygiene (London), 64, 375, 10.1017/S0022172400040663 Naqvi, 1983, Age-specific presentation of Campylobacter enteritis in children, Clinical Pediatrics, 22, 98, 10.1177/000992288302200202 Noone, 1983, Hospital acquired rotaviral gastroenteris in a general paediatric unit, Journal of Hospital Infection, 4, 297, 10.1016/0195-6701(83)90031-2 Pai, 1984, Sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis associated with Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Annals of Internal Medicine, 101, 738, 10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-738 Pearson, 1985, Campylobacter III Pennie, 1984, Economical, simple method for production of the gaseous environment required for cultivation of Campylobacter jejuni, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 20, 320, 10.1128/JCM.20.3.320-322.1984 Pierce, 1970, Convalescent carriers of Vibrio cholerae: detection and detailed investigation, Annals of Internal Medicine, 72, 357, 10.7326/0003-4819-72-3-357 Pitarangsi, 1982, Enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophilia and Plesiomonas shigelloides: prevalence among individuals with and without diarrhea in Thailand, Infection and Immunity, 35, 666, 10.1128/IAI.35.2.666-673.1982 Quinn, 1984, Infections with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter-like organisms in homosexual men, Annals of Internal Medicine, 101, 187, 10.7326/0003-4819-101-2-187 Reis, 1982, Frequency of Escherichia coli strains producing heat-labile toxin or heat-stable toxin or both in children with and without diarrhea in São Paulo, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 15, 1062, 10.1128/JCM.15.6.1062-1064.1982 Rodriguez, 1977, Clinical features of acute gastroenteritis associated with human reovirus-like agent in infants and young children, Journal of Pediatrics, 91, 188, 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