5 Safety of equipment

1990 1994 1994 Beatty, 1993, Software safety considerations in the use of closed-loop, patient-connected control systems, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 71, 461, 10.1093/bja/71.3.461 Berge, 1995, A simplified concept for controlling oxygen mixtures in the anaesthetic machine—better, cheaper and more user friendly?, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandanavica, 39, 563, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04121.x British Standards Institution, 1989 Campling, 1995 Carter, 1988, Long-term performance of Tec vaporizers, Anaesthesia, 43, 1042, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb05706.x Chaudri, 1992, Evaluation of closed-loop control of arterial pressure during hypotensive anaesthesia for local resection of intraocular melanoma, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 69, 607, 10.1093/bja/69.6.607 Chui, 1994, False alarms and the integrated alarm system: report of a potential hazard, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 79, 192, 10.1213/00000539-199407000-00039 Cicman, 1992, Anesthesia systems. Part I: Operating principles of fundamental components, Journal of Clinical Monitoring, 8, 295, 10.1007/BF01617912 Cooper, 1978, Preventable anesthesia mishaps: a study of human factors, Anesthesiology, 49, 399, 10.1097/00000542-197812000-00004 European Committee for Standardization, 1995 European Committee for Standardization, 1995 Finley, 1991, Perceived urgency and the anaesthetist: responses to common operating room alarms, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 38, 958, 10.1007/BF03008611 Goodyear, 1990, Failure of a nitrous oxide-oxygen proportioning device, Anesthesiology, 72, 397, 10.1097/00000542-199002000-00041 Greenhow, 1993, Pilot study of an expert system adviser for controlling general anaesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 71, 359, 10.1093/bja/71.3.359 Hardy, 1993, Vaporizer overfilling, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 40, 1, 10.1007/BF03009308 Hyman, 1983, Design of medical device alarm systems, Medical Instrumentation, 17, 103 International Electrotechnical Commission, 1988 International Electrotechnical Commission, 1995 International Standards Organization, 1977 International Standards Organization, 1989 International Standards Organization, 1991 International Standards Organization, 1992 International Standards Organization, 1992 International Standards Organization, 1992 International Standards Organization, 1993 International Standards Organization, 1994 International Standards Organization, 1995 International Standards Organization, 1996 Joch, 1995, How software doesn't work, Byte, 20, 49 Kestin, 1988, Auditory alarms during anaesthesia monitoring, Anesthesiology, 69, 106, 10.1097/00000542-198807000-00018 Loeb, 1992, Recognition accuracy of current operating room alarms, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 75, 499, 10.1213/00000539-199210000-00006 McIntyre, 1985, Ergonomics: anaesthetist's use of auditory alarms in the operating room, International Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 2, 47, 10.1007/BF02915873 Michon-Bayer-Chammard, 1988, Hypoxia due to failure of oxygen with nitrous oxide, Annales Français Anesthésie et Réanimation, 7, 165 Mylrea, 1993, Integration of monitoring for intelligent alarms in anesthesia: neural networks—can they help?, Journal of Clinical Monitoring, 9, 31, 10.1007/BF01627634 O'Carroll, 1986, Survey of alarms in an intensive therapy unit, Anaesthesia, 41, 742, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12844.x Patterson, 1982 Patterson, 1980, Auditory Warnings on Civil Aircraft: The Learning and Retention of Warnings Rennels, 1988, Artificial intelligence research in anesthesia and intensive care, Journal of Clinical Monitoring, 4, 274, 10.1007/BF01617327 Richards, 1989, Failure of a nitrous oxide-oxygen proportioning device, Anesthesiology, 71, 997, 10.1097/00000542-198912000-00035 Schreiber, 1986 Schreiber, 1989, Structured alarm systems for the operating room, Journal of Clinical Monitoring, 5, 201, 10.1007/BF01627456 Sinclair, 1992, Vaporizer overfilling—halothane overdose, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 40, 77, 10.1007/BF03009324 Sugg, 1991, Sound the alarm on signals standard, Inside Health-Care, 1, 7 US Pharmacopoeial Convention, 1990, Oxygen, 991 Wallace, 1994, Hearing acuity of anesthesiologists and alarm detection, Anesthesiology, 81, 13, 10.1097/00000542-199407000-00005 Weinger, 1991, Proposed new alarm standards may make a bad situation worse, Anesthesiology, 74, 791, 10.1097/00000542-199104000-00030 Weinger, 1994, An objective methodology for task analysis and workload assessment in anesthesia providers, Anesthesiology, 80, 77, 10.1097/00000542-199401000-00015 Westenskow, 1992, Intelligent alarms reduce anesthesiologist's response time to critical faults, Anesthesiology, 77, 1074, 10.1097/00000542-199212000-00005