3D variations in human crown dentin tubule orientation: A phase-contrast microtomography study

Nanci, 2003 Zaslansky, 2008, Dentin, 421 Weiner, 1998, The material bone: structure-mechanical function relations, Ann Rev Mater Sci, 28, 271, 10.1146/annurev.matsci.28.1.271 Schroeder, 1985, High resolution transmission electron microscopy of adult human peritubular dentine, Cell Tissue Res, 242, 449, 10.1007/BF00214561 Porter, 2005, A transmission electron microscopy study of mineralization in age-induced transparent dentin, Biomaterials, 26, 7650, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.059 Goldberg, 1995, Dental mineralization, Int J Dev Biol, 39, 93 Garberoglio, 1976, Scanning electron-microscopic investigation of human dentinal tubules, Arch Oral Biol, 21, 355, 10.1016/S0003-9969(76)80003-9 Goracci, 1999, Terminal end of human odontoblast process: a study using SEM and confocal microscopy, Clin Oral Invest, 3, 126, 10.1007/s007840050090 Pashley, 1996, Dynamics of the pulpo–dentin complex, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 7, 104, 10.1177/10454411960070020101 Takuma, 1966, Structure and development of peritubular matrix in dentin, J Dent Res, 45, 683, 10.1177/00220345660450033501 Jones, 1984, Ultrastructure of dentin and dentinogenesis, 81 Zaslansky, 2006, Structure and mechanical properties of the soft zone separating bulk dentin and enamel in crowns of human teeth: insight into tooth function, J Struct Biol, 153, 188, 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.10.010 Kinney, 2003, The mechanical properties of human dentin: a critical review and re-evaluation of the dental literature, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 14, 13, 10.1177/154411130301400103 Kinney, 1996, Young's modulus of human peritubular and intertubular dentine, Arch Oral Biol, 41, 9, 10.1016/0003-9969(95)00109-3 Kinney, 1999, A micromechanics model of the elastic properties of human dentin, Arch Oral Biol, 44, 813, 10.1016/S0003-9969(99)00080-1 Palamara, 2000, Strain patterns in cervical enamel of teeth subjected to occlusal loading, Dent Mater, 16, 412, 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00036-1 Kinney, 2004, Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements of the elastic constants of human dentin, J Biomech, 37, 437, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.09.028 Arola, 2006, Tubule orientation and the fatigue strength of human dentin, Biomaterials, 27, 2131, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.005 Rasmussen, 1976, Fracture properties of human enamel and dentin, J. Dent. Res., 55, 154, 10.1177/00220345760550010901 Watanabe, 1996, Dentin shear strength: Effects of tubule orientation and intratooth location, Dent Mater, 12, 109, 10.1016/S0109-5641(96)80077-7 Carvalho, 2001, Tensile strength of human dentin as a function of tubule orientation and density, J Adhes Dent, 3, 309 El-Mowafy, 1986, Fracture toughness of human dentin, J Dent Res, 65, 677, 10.1177/00220345860650050901 Lin, 1994, Structure–property relations and crack resistance at the bovine dentin–enamel junction, J Dent Res, 73, 1072, 10.1177/00220345940730050901 Xu, 1998, Indentation Damage and Mechanical Properties of Human Enamel and Dentin, J Dent Res, 77, 472, 10.1177/00220345980770030601 Imbeni, 2005, The dentin–enamel junction and the fracture of human teeth, Nat Mater, 4, 229, 10.1038/nmat1323 Wang, 2005, Anisotropic fracture in bovine root and coronal dentin, Dent Mater, 21, 429, 10.1016/j.dental.2004.07.008 Wang, 1998, Strain–structure relations in human teeth using Moire fringes, J Biomech, 31, 135, 10.1016/S0021-9290(97)00131-0 Wood, 2003, Mapping of tooth deformation caused by moisture change using Moiré interferometry, Dent Mater, 19, 159, 10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00025-8 Banhart, 2007, Basic concepts, 3 Gorner, 2001, BAMline: the first hard X-ray beamline at BESSY II, Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A: Accel Spectrom Detect Assoc Equip, 467, 703, 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00466-1 Cloetens, 1996, Phase objects in synchrotron radiation hard x-ray imaging, J Phys D: Appl Phys, 29, 133, 10.1088/0022-3727/29/1/023 Gabor, 1948, A new microscopic principle, Nature, 161, 777, 10.1038/161777a0 Cloetens, 1997, Observation of microstructure and damage in materials by phase sensitive radiography and tomography, J Appl Phys, 81, 5878, 10.1063/1.364374 Betz, 2007, Imaging applications of synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast microtomography in biological morphology and biomaterials science. 1. General aspects of the technique and its advantages in the analysis of millimetre-sized arthropod structure, J Microsc Oxf, 227, 51, 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01785.x Zabler, 2006, Fresnel-propagated imaging for the study of human tooth dentin by partially coherent X-ray tomography, Opt Exp, 14, 8584, 10.1364/OE.14.008584 Rack, 2008, High resolution synchrotron-based radiography and tomography using hard X-rays at the BAMline (BESSY II), Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A: Accel Spectrom Detect Assoc Equip, 586, 327, 10.1016/j.nima.2007.11.020 Zabler, 2005, Optimization of phase contrast imaging using hard X rays, Rev Sci Instrum, 76, p073705, 10.1063/1.1960797 Vlassenbroeck, 2007, Software tools for quantification of X-ray microtomography, Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A: Accel Spectrom Detect Assoc Equip, 580, 442, 10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.073 Rasband, 1997 Scott, 1953, Recent contributions in dental histology by use of the electron microscope, Int Dent J, 4, 64 Kramer, 1951, The distribution of collagen fibrils in the dentine matrix, Br Dent J, 91, 1 Currey, 1994, Dependence of mechanical properties on fiber angle in Narwhal tusk, a highly oriented biological composite, J Biomech, 27, 885, 10.1016/0021-9290(94)90261-5 Currey, 2002 Wang, 1998, Human root dentin: structural anisotropy and Vickers microhardness isotropy, Conn Tissue Res, 39, 269, 10.3109/03008209809021502 Tesch, 2001, Graded microstructure and mechanical properties of human crown dentin, Calcif Tissue Int, 69, 147, 10.1007/s00223-001-2012-z Zaslansky, 2006, Relations between shape, materials properties, and function in biological materials using laser speckle interferometry: in situ tooth deformation, Adv Funct Mater, 16, 1925, 10.1002/adfm.200600120 Katz, 2005, Elastic anisotropy of bone and dentitional tissues, J Mater Sci Mater Med, 16, 803, 10.1007/s10856-005-3579-0 Cagidiaco, 1997, Mapping of tubule and intertubule surface areas available for bonding in class V and class II preparations, J Dent, 25, 379, 10.1016/S0300-5712(96)00060-7