27.3-day and average 13.6-day periodic oscillations in the Earth’s rotation rate and atmospheric pressure fields due to celestial gravitation forcing
Tóm tắt
Variation in length of day of the Earth (LOD, equivalent to the Earth’s rotation rate) versus change in atmospheric geopotential height fields and astronomical parameters were analyzed for the years 1962–2006. This revealed that there is a 27.3-day and an average 13.6-day periodic oscillation in LOD and atmospheric pressure fields following lunar revolution around the Earth. Accompanying the alternating change in celestial gravitation forcing on the Earth and its atmosphere, the Earth’s LOD changes from minimum to maximum, then to minimum, and the atmospheric geopotential height fields in the tropics oscillate from low to high, then to low. The 27.3-day and average 13.6-day periodic atmospheric oscillation in the tropics is proposed to be a type of strong atmospheric tide, excited by celestial gravitation forcing. A formula for a Tidal Index was derived to estimate the strength of the celestial gravitation forcing, and a high degree of correlation was found between the Tidal Index determined by astronomical parameters, LOD, and atmospheric geopotential height. The reason for the atmospheric tide is periodic departure of the lunar orbit from the celestial equator during lunar revolution around the Earth. The alternating asymmetric change in celestial gravitation forcing on the Earth and its atmosphere produces a “modulation” to the change in the Earth’s LOD and atmospheric pressure fields.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Allen, C. W., 2000: Allen’s Astrophysical Quantities. 4th ed., AIP Springer-Verlag, New York, 719pp.
Chapman, S., and R. S. Lindzen, 1970: Atmospheric Tides: Thermal and Gravitational. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 200pp.
Dickey, J. O., T. M. Eubanks, and J. A. Steppe, 1986: High accuracy Earth rotation and atmospheric angular momentum. Earth Rotation: Solved and Unsolved Problems, A. Cazenave, Ed., D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 137–162.
Eubanks, T. M., J. A. Steppe, J. O. Dickey, and P. S. Callahan, 1985: A spectral analysis of the earth’s angular momentum budget. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5385–5404.
Forbes, J. M., M. E. Hagan, S. Miyahara, Y. Miyoshi, and X. Zhang, 2003: Diurnal nonmigrating tides in the tropical lower thermosphere. Earth Planets Space, 55 (7), 419–426.
Hagan, M. E., and J. M. Forbes, 2003: Migrating and nonmigrating semidiurnal tides in the upper atmosphere excited by tropospheric latent heat release. J. Geophys. Res., 108(2), 1062, doi: 10.1029/2002JA009466.
Hagan, M. E., J. M. Forbes, and A. Richmond, 2003: Atmospheric tides. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 1, 159–165.
Hide, R., and J. O. Dickey, 1991: Earth’s variable rotation. Science, 253, 629–637.
Hide, R., N. T. Birch, L. V. Morrison, D. J. Shea, and A. A. White, 1980: Atmospheric angular momentum fluctuations and changes in the length of day. Nature, 286, 114–117.
Huang, Z., and L. Huang, 2005: Tidal Theory and Calculation. Ocean University Press, Qingdao, China, 239pp. (in Chinese)
Jones, C., D. E. Waliser, K. M. Lau, and W. Stern, 2004: The Madden-Julian Oscillation and its impact on Northern Hemisphere weather predictability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1462–1471.
Kistler, R., E. and Coauthors, 2001: The NCEP-NCAR 50-year reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 247–267.
Lambeck, K., 1980: The Earth’s Variable Rotation: Geophysical Causes and Consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 449pp.
Li, C. Y., P. L. Wu, and Q. Chang, 1990: Some characteristics of 30-50-day oscillation in northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation. Science in China (B), 20(7), 764–774. (in Chinese)
Li, G., 2005: 27.3-day and 13.6-day atmospheric tide and lunar forcing on atmospheric circulation. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 22(3), 359–374.
Li, G., and H. Zong, 2007: 27.3-day and 13.6-day atmospheric tide. Science in China (D), 50(9), 1380–1395.
Lindzen, R. S., 2005: Dynamics in Atmospheric Physics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 310pp.
Rosen, R. D., and D. A. Salstein, 1983: Variations in atmospheric angular momentum on global and regional scales and the length of day. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5451–5470.
Waliser, D. E., R. Murtugudde, and L. E. Lucas, 2004: Indo-Pacific Ocean Response to atmospheric intraseasonal variability. Part 2: Boreal summer and the intraseasonal oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C030301–26.
Yoder, C. F., J. G. Williams, and M. E. Parke, 1981: Tidal variations of earth rotation. J. Geophys. Res., 86(B2), 881–891.
Zheng, D., S. Luo, and G. Song, 1989: Interannual change in earth’s rotation, El Nino event and atmospheric angular momentum. Science in China (B), 28(3), 323–337. (in Chinese)
Zhou, Y., D. Zheng, N. Yu, and X. Liao, 2001: Moment of Earth rotation and activities of atmosphere and ocean. Chinese Science Bulletin, 46, 881–888.