2020 Near-roadway population census, traffic exposure and equity in the United States

Anenberg, 2017, Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets, Nature, 545, 467, 10.1038/nature22086 Apte, 2017, High-Resolution Air Pollution Mapping with Google Street View Cars: Exploiting Big Data, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 6999, 10.1021/acs.est.7b00891 Askariyeh, 2020, Traffic contribution to PM2.5 increment in the near-road environment, Atmos. Environ., 224, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117113 U.S. Census Bureau, 2021. Census Redistricting Data, 2020, Tables P1 and P2 [WWW Document]. URL https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/rdo/summary-files.html. U.S. Census Bureau Estimates, Tables B19013 and B17001 [WWW Document] American Community Survey 2022 US Census Bur. Clark, 2014, National Patterns in Environmental Injustice and Inequality: Outdoor NO2 Air Pollution in the United States, PLoS One, 9, e94431, 10.1371/journal.pone.0094431 Clark, 2017, Changes in Transportation-Related Air Pollution Exposures by Race-Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status: Outdoor Nitrogen Dioxide in the United States in 2000 and 2010, Environ. Health Perspect., 125, 10.1289/EHP959 Clark, 2022, National and Intraurban Air Pollution Exposure Disparity Estimates in the United States: Impact of Data-Aggregation Spatial Scale, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 9, 786, 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00403 Dallmann, 2013, Quantifying On-Road Emissions from Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles: Accounting for the Presence of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 13873, 10.1021/es402875u M.A.G. Demetillo C. Harkins B.C. McDonald P.S. Chodrow K. Sun S.E. Pusede Space-Based Observational Constraints on NO2 Air Pollution Inequality From Diesel Traffic in Major US Cities Geophys. Res. Lett. 48 2021 e2021GL094333 10.1029/2021GL094333. Demetillo, 2020, Observing Nitrogen Dioxide Air Pollution Inequality Using High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Measurements in Houston, Texas. Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 9882, 10.1021/acs.est.0c01864 DeWinter, 2018, A national-scale review of air pollutant concentrations measured in the U.S. near-road monitoring network during 2014 and 2015, Atmos. Environ., 183, 94, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.003 Federal Highway Administration, 2022 Fhwa, 2022 FHWA, 2016. Highway Performance Monitoring System Field Manual. Fleming, 2021, Electrification of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Ground Transportation: Status Report, Curr. Sustain. Energy Rep., 8, 180, 10.1007/s40518-021-00187-3 Haugen, 2018, Long-Term Fuel-Specific NOx and Particle Emission Trends for In-Use Heavy-Duty Vehicles in California, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 6070, 10.1021/acs.est.8b00621 Hei Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Critical Review of the Literature on Emissions, Exposure, and Health Effects. HEI Special Report 17. HEI Panel on the Health Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution 2010 Boston, MA. Hei Systematic Review and Meta- analysis of Selected Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution. Special Report 23. HEI Panel on the Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution 2022 Boston, MA. Karner, 2010, Near-Roadway Air Quality: Synthesizing the Findings from Real-World Data, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 5334, 10.1021/es100008x McDonald, 2012, Long-term trends in nitrogen oxide emissions from motor vehicles at national, state, and air basin scales, J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres, 117, 10.1029/2012JD018304 McDonald, 2018, Modeling Ozone in the Eastern U.S. using a Fuel-Based Mobile Source Emissions Inventory, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 7360, 10.1021/acs.est.8b00778 Rowangould, 2013, A census of the US near-roadway population: Public health and environmental justice considerations, Transp. Res. Part Transp. Environ., 25, 59, 10.1016/j.trd.2013.08.003 K. Schaeffer In a Rising Number of U.S. Counties, Hispanic and Black Americans are the Majority 2019 Pew Res. Cent. Smith, D., Ozpineci, B., Graves, R.L., Jones, P.T., Lustbader, J., Kelly, K., Walkowicz, K., Birky, A., Payne, G., Sigler, C., Mosbacher, J., 2020. Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Electrification: An Assessment of Technology and Knowledge Gaps (No. ORNL/SPR-2020/7). Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). https://doi.org/10.2172/1615213. Tessum, 2021, PM2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States, Sci. Adv., 7, eabf4491, 10.1126/sciadv.abf4491 Tian, 2013, Evaluating socioeconomic and racial differences in traffic-related metrics in the United States using a GIS approach, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 23, 215, 10.1038/jes.2012.83 Y. Wang J.S. Apte J.D. Hill C.E. Ivey R.F. Patterson A.L. Robinson C.W. Tessum J.D. Marshall Location-specific strategies for eliminating US national racial-ethnic PM2.5 exposure inequality Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 119 2022 10.1073/pnas.2205548119 e2205548119. Xiang, 2018, Concentration of ultrafine particles near roadways in an urban area in Chicago, Illinois. Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 18, 895, 10.4209/aaqr.2017.09.0347 Xiang, 2019, Characterization of dispersion and ultrafine-particle emission factors based on near-roadway monitoring Part II: heavy duty vehicles, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 19, 2421, 10.4209/aaqr.2019.08.0386 Zhou, 2007, Factors influencing the spatial extent of mobile source air pollution impacts: a meta-analysis, BMC Public Health, 7, 10.1186/1471-2458-7-89 Zhu, 2006, Comparison of daytime and nighttime concentration profiles and size distributions of ultrafine particles near a major highway, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2531, 10.1021/es0516514