2 Current techniques for bone mass measurement

Barrett-Connor, 1989, Postmenopausal estrogen replacement and breast cancer, New England Journal of Medicine, 321, 319, 10.1056/NEJM198908033210510 Christiansen, 1987, Prediction of rapid bone loss in postmenopausal women, Lancet, i, 1105, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91671-0 Consensus Development Conference, 1991, Prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis, American Journal of Medicine, 90, 107, 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90512-V Cummings, 1985, Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, Epidemiologic Reviews, 7, 178, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036281 Cummings, 1990, Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women, Journal of the American Medical Association, 263, 665, 10.1001/jama.1990.03440050059033 Dunn, 1980, Measurement of bone mineral content in human vertebrae and hip by dual photon absorptiometry, Radiology, 136, 485, 10.1148/radiology.136.2.6773102 Eastell, 1989, Unequal decrease in bone density of lumbar spine and ultradistal radius in Colles' and vertebral fracture syndromes, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 83, 168, 10.1172/JCI113854 Genant, 1977, Quantitative bone mineral analysis using dual-energy computed tomography, Investigative Radiology, 12, 545, 10.1097/00004424-197711000-00015 Genant, 1982, Quantitative computed tomography of vertebral spongiosa: A sensitive method for detecting early bone loss after oophorectomy, Annals of Internal Medicine, 97, 699, 10.7326/0003-4819-97-5-699 Gotfredsen, 1988, Accuracy of lumbar spine bone mineral content by dual photon absorptiometry, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 29, 248 Gotfredsen, 1989, Discriminative ability of total body bone-mineral measured by dual photon absorptiometry, Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 49, 125, 10.3109/00365518909105410 Hansen, 1990, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry: A precise method of measuring bone mineral density in the lumbar spine, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 31, 1156 Hassager, 1989, Measurement of the subcutaneous fat in the distal forearm by single photon absorptiometry, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 38, 159, 10.1016/0026-0495(89)90256-4 Heuck, 1989, Mild versus definite osteoporosis: Comparison of bone densitometry techniques using different statistical models, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 4, 891, 10.1002/jbmr.5650040614 Ho, 1990, Accuracy of dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry of the lumbar spine: Cadaver study, Radiology, 176, 171, 10.1148/radiology.176.1.2353087 Hui, 1988, Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in a prospective study, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 81, 1804, 10.1172/JCI113523 Meema, 1991, Improved vertebral fracture threshold in postmenopausal osteoporosis by radiogrammetric measurements: Its usefulness in selection for preventive therapy, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 6, 9, 10.1002/jbmr.5650060104 Nilas, 1985, Comparison of single- and dual-photon absorptiometry in postmenopausal bone mineral loss, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 26, 1257 Nilas, 1988, Long-term precision of dual photon absorptiometry in the lumbar spine in clinical settings, Bone and Mineral, 3, 305 Nordin, 1988, The relation between forearm and vertebral mineral density and fractures in postmenopausal women, Bone and Mineral, 5, 21, 10.1016/0169-6009(88)90004-9 Orwoll, 1991, Longitudinal precision of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in a multicenter study, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 6, 191, 10.1002/jbmr.5650060213 Ott, 1987, Ability of four different techniques of measuring bone mass to diagnose vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2, 201, 10.1002/jbmr.5650020306 Overgaard, 1992, Discriminatory ability of bone mass measurements (SPA and DEXA) for fractures in elderly postmenopausal women, Calcified Tissue International, 50, 30, 10.1007/BF00297294 Riggs, 1986, Medical progress: Involutional osteoporosis, New England Journal of Medicine, 314, 1676, 10.1056/NEJM198606263142605 Riggs, 1981, Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 67, 328, 10.1172/JCI110039 Ross, 1988, Detection of prefracture spinal osteoporosis using bone mineral absorptiometry, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 3, 1, 10.1002/jbmr.5650030103 Slosman, 1990, Vertebral bone mineral density measured laterally by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, Osteoporosis International, 1, 23, 10.1007/BF01880412 Wahner, 1985, Dual photon Gd-153 absorptiometry of bone, Radiology, 156, 203, 10.1148/radiology.156.1.4001406