17α‐Ethinylestradiol alters reproductive behaviors, circulating hormones, and sexual morphology in male fathead minnows (<i>Pimephales promelas)</i>

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry - Tập 28 Số 5 - Trang 953-961 - 2009
James D. Salierno1,2, Andrew S. Kane3,4
1Department of Biological and Allied Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 285 Madison Avenue, Madison, New Jersey 07940, USA
2School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
3Aquatic Pathobiology Laboratory, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
4College of Public Health and Health Professions, Environmental Health Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractEcologically relevant indicators of endocrine disruption in fish must be linked with measures of reproductive success. The ability of male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to compete for, maintain, and defend a spawning substrateis paramount to reproductive success. The present study quantified alterations in male fathead minnow reproductive behaviors after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 10, 20, or 40 ng/L) of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) for 21 d. A video‐based behavioral quantification system examined changes in male‐male competitive behaviors (chasing and head‐butting) and ability of males to maintain spawning substrates (nibbling and scrubbing). Behaviors analyzed included time under the spawning substrate, frequency of substrate cleaning, and conspecific aggression. Plasma hormone levels (11‐ketotestosterone [11‐KT], testosterone, and estradiol [E2]), vitellogenin (VTG), secondary male characteristics (tubercle count and dorsal nape pad rank), gonadosomatic index (GSI), and gonad histology also were evaluated. Exposure to 40 ng/L of EE2 decreased the ability of exposed males to compete with control males for spawning substrates (p = 0.09). Furthermore, exposed males displayed reduced frequency of substrate cleaning activities as well as chasing male competitors (p ≤ 0.05). 11‐Ketotestosterone, testosterone, and E2 were lower, and VTG was notably higher, in EE2‐exposed males compared with control males (p ≤ 0.03). 17α‐Ethinylestradiol exposure in males also was associated with reductions in tubercles; lower GSI, gonadal maturity ranks, and number of resorbed tubercles; and presence of an ovipositor (p ≤ 0.001). These data reveal alterations in male reproductive behavior that coincide with decreased hormone levels and secondary sex characteristics. Behavioral endpoints to discern potential ecological consequences in fish exposed to low concentrations of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals may provide sensitive and functional indices of effect.

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Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Tập 28 Số 5

953-961

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