11 Reflux nephropathy and pregnancy

Abe, 1985, The influence of antecedent renal disease on pregnancy, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 153, 508, 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90463-6 Amar, 1970, Calicotubular backflow with vesico-ureteral reflux, Journal of the American Medical Association, 213, 293, 10.1001/jama.1970.03170280051017 Arfeen, 1993, Familial unilateral renal agenesis and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 21, 663, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80041-2 Armenti, 1992, The National Transplantation Pregnancy Registry: an analysis of 325 pregnancies in female kidney transplant recipients, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 3, 851A Arze, 1982, The natural history of chronic pyelonephritis in the adult, Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 51, 396 Austenfeld, 1988, Complications of pregnancy in women after reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux, Journal of Urology, 140, 1103, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)41972-0 Bailey, 1973, The relationship of vesico-ureteric reflux to urinary tract infection and chronic pyelonephritis-reflux nephropathy, Clinical Nephrology, 1, 132 Bailey, 1981, End-stage reflux nephropathy, Nephron, 27, 302, 10.1159/000182075 Bailey, 1984, Glomerular lesions in the ‘normal’ kidney in patients with unilateral reflux nephropathy, Contributions to Nephrology, 39, 126, 10.1159/000409242 Baker, 1966, Relation of age, sex and infection to reflux. Data indicating high spontaneous cure in the pediatric population, Journal of Urology, 95, 27, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63403-7 Baylis, 1984, Repetitive pregnancy: a physiologic model of hyperfiltration?, Clinical Research, 32, 441A Bear, 1976, Pregnancy in patients with renal disease. A study of 44 cases, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 48, 13 Becker, 1985, Pregnancy exacerbates glomerular disease, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 6, 266, 10.1016/S0272-6386(85)80186-4 Becker, 1986, Effect of pregnancy on moderate renal failure in reflux nephropathy, British Medical Journal, 292, 796, 10.1136/bmj.292.6523.796 Bell, 1986, Microproteinuria in children with vesicoureteric reflux, British Journal of Urology, 58, 605, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1986.tb05895.x Bernstein, 1992, Morphological characteristics of segmental renal scarring in vesicoureteral reflux, Journal of Urology, 148, 1712, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37011-8 Bhathena, 1980, Focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis in reflux nephropathy, American Journal of Medicine, 68, 886, 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90218-1 Bhathena, 1985, Focal sclerosis of hypertrophied glomeruli in solitary functioning kidneys of humans, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 5, 226, 10.1016/S0272-6386(85)80113-X 1983, Prospective trial of operative versus non operative treatment of severe vesicoureteric reflux: two years observation in 96 children, British Medical Journal, 287, 171, 10.1136/bmj.287.6386.171 Brenner, 1982, Dietary protein intake and the progressive nature of kidney disease: the role of hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular sclerosis in aging, renal ablation, and intrinsic renal disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 307, 652, 10.1056/NEJM198209093071104 Brown, 1978, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with rapid decline in renal function (‘malignant FSGS’), Clinical Nephrology, 10, 57 Brown, 1988, Reflux nephropathy as a cause of end-stage renal failure, Clinical Nephrology, 29, 103 Brown, 1984, Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, New England Journal of Medicine, 310, 1176, 10.1056/NEJM198405033101808 Claesson, 1981, Compensatory kidney growth in children with urinary tract infection and unilateral renal scarring: an epidemiologic study, Kidney International, 20, 759, 10.1038/ki.1981.208 Cohen, 1988, Dialysis during pregnancy in advanced chronic renal failure patients: outcome and progression, Clinical Nephrology, 29, 144 Cotran, 1981, Pathogenic mechanisms in the progression of reflux nephropathy: the roles of glomerulosclerosis and extravasation of Tamm-Horsfall protein, 374 Cotran, 1982, Glomerulosclerosis in reflux nephropathy, Kidney International, 21, 528, 10.1038/ki.1982.57 Cunningham, 1992, Hypertension in pregnancy, New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 927, 10.1056/NEJM199204023261405 Cunningham, 1990, Chronic renal disease and pregnancy outcome, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 163, 453, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)91175-C Davison, 1985, The effect of pregnancy on kidney function in renal allograft recipients, Kidney International, 27, 74, 10.1038/ki.1985.12 Davison, 1985, Pregnancy in women with renal disease and renal transplantation, 22, 439 Deen, 1974, Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. VII. Response to reduced renal mass, American Journal of Physiology, 227, 556, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.227.3.556 Disney, 1991, Reflux nephropathy in Australia and New Zealand: prevalence, incidence and management 1975–1989, 53 Dolkart, 1992, Indomethacin therapy and chronic hemodialysis during pregnancy, Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 37, 181 Edwards, 1977, Disappearance of vesicoureteric reflux during long-term prophylaxis of urinary tract infection in children, British Medical Journal, 2, 285, 10.1136/bmj.2.6082.285 El-Khatib, 1987, Morphometric aspects of reflux nephropathy, Kidney International, 32, 261, 10.1038/ki.1987.201 El-Khatib, 1990, Reflux nephropathy and primary vesicoureteric reflux in adults, Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 77, 1241, 10.1093/qjmed/77.3.1241 El-Khatib, 1994, Pregnancy-related complications in women with reflux nephropathy, Clinical Nephrology, 41, 50 Elliott, 1991, Dialysis in pregnancy: a critical review, Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 46, 319, 10.1097/00006254-199106000-00001 Gutierrez-Millet, 1986, Focal glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in patients with solitary kidneys, Archives of Internal Medicine, 149, 705, 10.1001/archinte.1986.00360160127017 Habib, 1973, Focal glomerular sclerosis, Kidney International, 4, 355, 10.1038/ki.1973.131 Hayslett, 1985, Pregnancy does not exacerbate primary glomerular disease, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 6, 273, 10.1016/S0272-6386(85)80187-6 Hodson, 1960, Chronic pyelonephritis and vesico-ureteric reflux, Clinical Radiology, 11, 219, 10.1016/S0009-9260(60)80047-5 Hodson, 1975, The pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy (chronic atrophic pyelonephritis), British Journal of Radiology, 48, 1 Hodson, 1975, Reflux nephropathy, Kidney International, 8, S50 Hostetter, 1981, Hyperfiltration in remnant nephrons: a potentially adverse response to renal ablation, American Journal of Physiology, 241, F85 Hostetter, 1982, Compensatory renal hemodynamic injury: a final common pathway of residual nephron destruction, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 1, 310, 10.1016/S0272-6386(82)80032-2 Hou, 1985, Pregnancy in women with chronic renal disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 312, 836, 10.1056/NEJM198503283121306 Hou, 1994, Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis in pregnancy, Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 8, 481, 10.1016/S0950-3552(05)80332-3 Hou, 1994, Frequency and outcome of pregnancy in women on dialysis, American Journal of Kidney Disease, 23, 60, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80813-4 Hou, 1985, Pregnancy in women with renal disease and moderate renal insufficiency, American Journal of Medicine, 78, 185, 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90425-5 Hou, 1993, Pregnancy in women with end-stage renal disease: treatment of anemia and premature labor, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 21, 16, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80714-1 Huland, 1984, Pyelonephritic scarring in 213 patients with upper and lower urinary tract infections: long-term follow-up, Journal of Urology, 132, 936, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49955-1 Imbasciati, 1991, Pregnancy and renal disease: predictors for fetal and maternal outcome, American Journal of Nephrology, 11, 353, 10.1159/000168338 Imbasciati, 1986, Pregnancy in women with chronic renal failure, American Journal of Nephrology, 6, 193, 10.1159/000167114 Jakobi, 1992, Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as the primary approach in the management of severe renal insufficiency in pregnancy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 79, 808 Johnson, 1979, Successful outcome of a pregnancy requiring dialysis, Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 22, 217 Jungers, 1986, Chronic kidney disease and pregnancy, Advances in Nephrology, 15, 103 Jungers, 1987, Pregnancy in IgA nephropathy, reflux nephropathy and focal glomerular sclerosis, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 9, 334, 10.1016/S0272-6386(87)80132-4 Jungers, 1991, Specific controversies concerning the natural history of renal disease in pregnancy, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 17, 116, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)81114-0 Katz, 1985, Does pregnancy aggravate primary glomerular disease?, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 6, 261, 10.1016/S0272-6386(85)80185-2 Katz, 1980, Pregnancy in women with kidney disease, Kidney International, 18, 192, 10.1038/ki.1980.128 Kincaid-Smith, 1975, Glomerular and vascular lesions in chronic atrophic pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy, Advances in Nephrology, 5, 3 Kincaid-Smith, 1984, Vesicoureteral reflux and reflux nephropathy, 253 Kincaid-Smith, 1985, Pregnancy-related renal disease, 2043 Kincaid-Smith, 1987, Renal disease in pregnancy. Three controversial areas: mesangial IgA nephropathy, focal glomerular sclerosis and reflux nephropathy, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 9, 328, 10.1016/S0272-6386(87)80131-2 Kincaid-Smith, 1970, Reflux nephropathy in the adult, 21 Kincaid-Smith, 1978, Reflux nephropathy and chronic atrophic pyelonephritis: a review, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 138, 774, 10.1093/infdis/138.6.774 Kincaid-Smith, 1965, Bacteriuria in pregnancy, Lancet, i, 395, 10.1016/S0140-6736(65)90001-2 Kiprov, 1982, Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria associated with unilateral renal agenesis, Laboratory Investigation, 46, 275 Lorentz, 1986, Vesicoureteral reflux, proteinuria and renal failure, Journal of Urology, 135, 559, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)45736-3 Lyon, 1969, The ureteral orifice: its configuration and competency, Journal of Urology, 102, 504, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)62184-0 McGregor, 1991, Successful use of recombinant human erythropoietin in pregnancy, Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 6, 292, 10.1093/ndt/6.4.292 McRae, 1974, Effect on renal growth of reimplantation of refluxing ureters, Lancet, i, 1310, 10.1016/S0140-6736(74)90681-3 Malek, 1983, Vesicoureteral reflux in the adult. I. Factors in pathogenesis, Journal of Urology, 130, 37, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)50942-8 Malek, 1983, Vesicoureteral reflux in the adult. III. Surgical correction: risks and benefits, Journal of Urology, 130, 882, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)51549-9 Mihindukulasuriya, 1980, A study of fifty-eight patients with renal scarring associated with urinary tract infection, Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 49, 165 Moreau, 1980, Renal clubbing and scarring in adults: a retrospective study of 110 cases, Urologic Radiology, 1, 129, 10.1007/BF02926616 Neves, 1984, Vesicoureteral reflux in the adult. IV. Medical versus surgical management, Journal of Urology, 132, 882, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49933-2 Olbing, 1992, Renal scars and parenchymal thinning in children with vesiocureteral reflux: a 5-year report of the international reflux study in children (European branch), Journal of Urology, 148, 1653, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36995-1 Olson, 1982, Altered glomerular permselectivity and progressive sclerosis following extreme ablation of renal mass, Kidney International, 22, 112, 10.1038/ki.1982.143 Orme, 1968, The effect of hemodialysis on fetal survival and renal function in pregnancy, Transactions of the American Society of Artificial Internal Organs, 14, 402 Packham, 1989, Primary glomerulonephritis and pregnancy, Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 266, 537 Ransley, 1978, Reflux and renal scarring, British Journal of Radiology, 51, 1 Redman, 1993, Management of pre-eclampsia, Lancet, 341, 1451, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90890-S Redrow, 1988, Dialysis in the management of pregnant patients with renal insufficiency, Medicine (Baltimore), 67, 199, 10.1097/00005792-198807000-00001 Rizzoni, 1992, Successful pregnancies in women on renal replacement therapy: report from the EDTA Registry, Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 7, 279, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a092129 Rolleston, 1970, Relationship of infantile vesicoureteric reflux to renal damage, British Medical Journal, i, 460, 10.1136/bmj.1.5694.460 Rolleston, 1975, Follow-up of vesico-ureteric reflux in the newborn, Kidney International, 8, S59 Rubin, 1986, Urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy, 1085 Salvatierra, 1977, Reflux as a cause of end stage kidney disease: report of 32 cases, Journal of Urology, 117, 441, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)58492-X Scott, 1986, Renal function following surgical correction of vesico-ureteric reflux in childhood, British Journal of Urology, 58, 119, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1986.tb09009.x Scott, 1987, Fetal ureteric reflux, British Journal of Urology, 59, 291, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1987.tb04634.x Scott, 1968, Ureteric reflux and kidney scarring in children, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 43, 468, 10.1136/adc.43.230.468 Senekjian, 1979, Irreversible renal failure following vesicoureteral reflux, Journal of the American Medical Association, 241, 160, 10.1001/jama.1979.03290280040025 Shimamura, 1975, A progressive glomerulosclerosis occurring in partial five-sixths nephrectomized rats, American Journal of Pathology, 79, 95 Smellie, 1975, Vesico-ureteric reflux and renal scarring, Kidney International, 8, S65 Smellie, 1981, Effect of vesicoureteric reflux on renal growth in chilren with urinary tract infection, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 56, 593, 10.1136/adc.56.8.593 Steinhardt, 1985, Reflux nephropathy, Journal of Urology, 134, 855, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)47493-3 Stephens, 1962, The anatomical basis and dynamics of vesicoureteral reflux, Journal of Urology, 87, 669, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)65025-0 Sturgiss, 1992, Effect of pregnancy on long-term function of renal allografts, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 12, 167, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)70127-0 Taylor, 1978, Focal sclerosing glomerulopathy with adverse effects during pregnancy, Archives of Internal Medicine, 138, 1695, 10.1001/archinte.1978.03630360073028 Torres, 1980, The progression of vesicoureteral reflux nephropathy, Annals of Internal Medicine, 923, 776, 10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-776 Torres, 1983, Vesicoureteral reflux in the adult. II. Nephropathy, hypertension and stones, Journal of Urology, 130, 41, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)50943-X Velosa, 1983, Significance of proteinuria on the outcome of renal function in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 58, 568 Weiss, 1992, Results of a randomized clinical trial of medical versus surgical management of infants and children with grades III and IV primary vesicoureteral reflux (United States), Journal of Urology, 148, 1667, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36998-7 Weston, 1982, The results of reflux prevention in adults with reflux nephropathy, British Journal of Urology, 54, 677, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1982.tb13622.x Williams, 1968, Vesicoureteric reflux in patients with bacteriuria in pregnancy, Lancet, ii, 1202, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)91689-9 Yankowitz, 1992, Erythropoietin in pregnancies complicated by severe anemia of renal failure, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 80, 485 Zucchelli, 1991, Reflux nephropathy in adults, Nephron, 57, 2, 10.1159/000186207 Zucchelli, 1983, Focal glomerulosclerosis in patients with unilateral nephrectomy, Kidney International, 24, 649, 10.1038/ki.1983.207