Rhododendron maximumimpacts seed bank composition and richness followingTsuga canadensisloss in riparian forests

Ecosphere - Tập 9 Số 4 - 2018
Tristan M. Cofer1,2, Katherine J. Elliott3, J. K. Bush2, Chelcy Ford Miniat3
1Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 201 Old Main, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16801 USA
2Environmental Science Academic Program, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas, 78249 USA
3USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forest Watershed Research, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto, North Carolina, 28763 USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Southern Appalachian riparian forests have undergone changes in composition and function from invasive pathogens and pests.Castanea dentatamortality in the 1930s from chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) andTsuga canadensismortality in the 2000s from the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) have led to the expansion and increased growth ofRhododendron maximum, an evergreen subcanopy shrub. A better understanding of seed bank characteristics and the various abiotic and biotic factors that affect the seed bank may be useful in determining the restoration potential of forest communities following invasion‐related disturbances. We compared the seed bank of two deciduous forest types: hardwood forests with a denseR. maximumsubcanopy (hereafter,RR) and hardwood forests withoutR. maximum(hereafter,HWD). We evaluated numerous microenvironmental variables through principal component analysis (PCA) and correlated the derivedPCAaxes scores to seed bank density and richness across forest types. We found that seed bank density was comparable between the forests types; however, seed bank richness was much lower inRRthanHWDand the species composition was dissimilar between forest types. Twenty‐eight of 64 (44%) species in the seed bank ofHWDwere not found in the seed bank ofRR. Species that were represented in both forest types were often found in contrasting densities. Most notably, seed bank densities of several woody species were considerably higher inRR(85%) thanHWD(45%), while herbaceous seed bank density was lower inRR(11%) thanHWD(50%). Mineral soilpH, soil nutrient availability, and soil moisture were lower, and organic soil (Oi + Oe + Oa) depth and mass were greater in theRRthanHWDforest type.PCAcorrelations revealed thatPCA4 (represented by understory density and Oe + Oa phosphorus and carbon/nitrogen ratio) was negatively correlated with total seed bank density.PCA1 (represented by Oe + Oa cations and phosphorus, understory richness, ground‐layer cover, and mineral soilpH) andPCA4 were positively correlated with total seed bank richness. These results suggest that the soil seed bank will not be the primary mode of recruitment to establish a diverse and herbaceous‐rich community if a RR is present.

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Ecosphere

Tập 9 Số 4

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