ListeriaPathogenesis and Molecular Virulence Determinants

Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 14 Số 3 - Trang 584-640 - 2001
José A. Vázquez‐Boland1,2, Michael Kuhn3, Patrick Berche4, Trinad Chakraborty5, Gustavo Domı́nguez-Bernal1, Werner Goebel3, Bruno González‐Zorn1, Jürgen Wehland6, Jürgen Kreft3
1Grupo de Patogénesis Molecular Bacteriana, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,1 and
2Universidad de León, León,2 Spain;
3Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften der Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg,3
4UnitéINSERM U411, Faculté de Médecine Necker, 75730 Paris, France4; and
5Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Giessen,5 and
6Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung (GBF), 38124 Braunschweig,6 Germany

Tóm tắt

SUMMARYThe gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a highly fatal opportunistic foodborne infection. Pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and debilitated or immunocompromised patients in general are predominantly affected, although the disease can also develop in normal individuals. Clinical manifestations of invasive listeriosis are usually severe and include abortion, sepsis, and meningoencephalitis. Listeriosis can also manifest as a febrile gastroenteritis syndrome. In addition to humans, L. monocytogenes affects many vertebrate species, including birds. Listeria ivanovii, a second pathogenic species of the genus, is specific for ruminants. Our current view of the pathophysiology of listeriosis derives largely from studies with the mouse infection model. Pathogenic listeriae enter the host primarily through the intestine. The liver is thought to be their first target organ after intestinal translocation. In the liver, listeriae actively multiply until the infection is controlled by a cell-mediated immune response. This initial, subclinical step of listeriosis is thought to be common due to the frequent presence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes in food. In normal indivuals, the continual exposure to listerial antigens probably contributes to the maintenance of anti-Listeria memory T cells. However, in debilitated and immunocompromised patients, the unrestricted proliferation of listeriae in the liver may result in prolonged low-level bacteremia, leading to invasion of the preferred secondary target organs (the brain and the gravid uterus) and to overt clinical disease. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are facultative intracellular parasites able to survive in macrophages and to invade a variety of normally nonphagocytic cells, such as epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and endothelial cells. In all these cell types, pathogenic listeriae go through an intracellular life cycle involving early escape from the phagocytic vacuole, rapid intracytoplasmic multiplication, bacterially induced actin-based motility, and direct spread to neighboring cells, in which they reinitiate the cycle. In this way, listeriae disseminate in host tissues sheltered from the humoral arm of the immune system. Over the last 15 years, a number of virulence factors involved in key steps of this intracellular life cycle have been identified. This review describes in detail the molecular determinants of Listeria virulence and their mechanism of action and summarizes the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of listeriosis and the cell biology and host cell responses to Listeria infection. This article provides an updated perspective of the development of our understanding of Listeria pathogenesis from the first molecular genetic analyses of virulence mechanisms reported in 1985 until the start of the genomic era of Listeria research.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1007/BF02898648

10.1128/iai.58.8.2715-2718.1990

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00790.x

10.1002/jlb.62.6.795

Alexander A. V. Walker R. L. Johnson B. J. Charlton B. R. Woods L. W. Bovine abortions attributable to Listeria ivanovii: four cases (1988–1990). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 200 1992 711 714

10.3109/09687689609160580

10.1136/vr.130.1.18-a

Alouf J. E. Introduction to the family of the structurally related cholesterol-binding cytolysins (“sulfhydryl-activated” toxins) The comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins 2nd ed. Alouf J. E. Freer J. H. 1999 443 456 Academic Press San Diego Calif

Alouf J. E. Geoffroy C. The family of the antigenically-related cholesterol-binding (‘sulfhydryl-activated’) cytolytic toxins Sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins. Alouf J. E. Freer J. H. 1991 147 186 Academic Press London U.K

10.1053/jcpa.1999.0303

10.1128/iai.61.9.3664-3672.1993

10.1242/jcs.110.6.731

10.1128/iai.65.1.78-88.1997

Anonymous Listeria infections in farm animals. Vet. Rec. 112 1983 314

10.1128/IAI.68.2.912-914.2000

10.1128/jb.91.3.1346-1355.1966

10.1093/clind/16.5.689

Asahi O. Hosoda T. Akiyama Y. Studies on the mechanism of infection of the brain with Listeria monocytogenes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 18 1957 147 157

Audurier A. Pardon P. Marly J. Lantier F. Experimental infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua. Ann. Microbiol. 131B 1980 47 57

10.1056/NEJM200004273421702

10.1093/clinids/9.1.130

10.1007/s002030050354

10.1136/vr.116.9.233

10.1128/iai.60.4.1625-1632.1992

10.1128/aem.62.3.1116-1119.1996

10.1084/jem.186.7.1159

10.1128/JB.180.17.4547-4554.1998

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81697-9

Beckerman K. P. Rogers H. W. Corbett J. A. Schreiber R. D. Daniel M. L. Unanue E. R. Release of nitric oxide during T-cell independent pathway of macrophage activation. Its role in resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 150 1993 888 895

10.1128/JB.180.23.6316-6324.1998

10.1128/IAI.66.8.3635-3642.1998

10.1006/mpat.1995.0029

Berche P. Gaillard J.-L. Geoffroy C. Alouf J. E. T cell recognition of listeriolysin O is induced during infection with Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 139 1987 3813 3821

Berche P. Gaillard J.-L. Sansonetti P. Intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes as a prerequisite for in vivo induction of T cell-mediated immunity. J. Immunol. 138 1987 2266 2271

10.1016/0140-6736(90)90411-W

10.1093/clinids/13.1.115

10.1016/S0966-842X(00)88906-4

10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05895.x

10.1073/pnas.86.10.3867

10.1177/096120339800700228

10.1128/iai.59.12.4614-4620.1991

10.1007/BFb0027646

10.1128/iai.47.1.52-60.1985

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07210.x

10.1128/aem.56.7.2133-2141.1990

10.1038/345175a0

10.1046/j.1462-5822.2000.00069.x

Bille J. Epidemiology of human listeriosis in Europe whith special reference to the Swiss outbreak Foodborne listeriosis. Miller A. J. Smith J. L. Somkuti G. A. 1990 71 74 Elsevier New York N.Y

10.1006/mpat.1997.0131

Blenden D. C. Kampelmacher E. H. Torres-Anjel M. J. Listeriosis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 191 1987 1546 1551

10.1128/iai.62.2.606-614.1994

10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01868.x

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.d01-1722.x

10.1128/aem.57.6.1624-1629.1991

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02639.x

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00390.x

10.1006/mpat.1998.0247

10.1128/iai.62.3.1089-1100.1994

10.1128/iai.55.12.3197-3203.1987

Bortolussi R. Campbell N. Krause V. Dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes type 4b infection in pregnant and infant rats. Clin. Investig. Med. 7 1984 273 279

10.1084/jem.175.6.1467

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.4621825.x

10.1093/emboj/19.7.1458

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01560.x

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00750.x

Reference deleted.

10.1016/0378-1119(92)90258-Q

Brehm K. Kreft J. Ripio M.-T. Vazquez-Boland J.-A. Regulation of virulence gene expression in pathogenic Listeria. Microbiol. SEM 12 1996 219 236

10.1128/JB.181.16.5024-5032.1999

10.4315/0362-028X-56.4.297

10.1001/archinte.1985.00360110052014

10.1073/pnas.90.24.11890

Brunt L. M. Portnoy D. A. Unanue E. R. Presentation of Listeria monocytogenes to CD8+ T cells requires secretion of hemolysin and intracellular bacterial growth. J. Immunol. 145 1990 3540 3546

10.1007/s004380050545

10.1128/jb.174.24.8166-8171.1992

10.1128/aem.58.8.2625-2632.1992

Bubert A. Sokolovic Z. Chun S.-K. Papatheodorou L. Simm A. Goebel W. Differential expression of Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes in mammalian host cells. Mol. Gen. Genet. 261 1999 323 336

10.1128/jcm.35.1.179-183.1997

10.1128/aem.60.9.3120-3127.1994

10.1126/science.1970672

10.1128/iai.65.12.5326-5329.1997

10.1099/13500872-141-7-1621

10.1073/pnas.96.9.4908

10.1084/jem.173.3.751

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01211.x

Campbell P. A. Macrophage- Listeria interactions Macrophage-pathogen interactions. Zwilling B. S. Eisenstein T. K. 1993 313 328 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80315-7

10.1083/jcb.136.6.1307

Chakraborty T. The molecular mechanisms of actin-based intracellular motility by Listeria monocytogenes. Microbiol. SEM 12 1996 237 244

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07117.x

10.1016/S1438-4221(00)80086-7

10.1128/jb.174.2.568-574.1992

10.1136/vr.145.3.83

10.1177/030098587701400501

10.1177/030098587701400401

10.1128/iai.19.3.763-770.1978

10.1016/0966-842X(96)10067-6

10.1128/jb.177.18.5303-5309.1995

10.1074/jbc.274.47.33616

10.1128/IAI.66.8.3673-3681.1998

10.1074/jbc.275.15.11181

10.1099/00207713-41-2-240

10.1084/jem.174.3.741

10.1128/iai.60.12.5164-5171.1992

10.1128/iai.64.9.3925-3929.1996

10.1006/mpat.2000.0379

10.1099/00222615-44-6-418

10.1093/infdis/104.2.164

Cornell K. A. Bouwer H. G. Hinrichs D. J. Barry R. A. Genetic immunization of mice against Listeria monoctogenes using plasmid DNA encoding listeriolysin O. J. Immunol. 163 1999 322 329

10.1016/0955-0674(95)80050-6

10.1046/j.1462-5822.2000.00053.x

10.1073/pnas.97.10.5013

10.1093/emboj/17.14.3797

Cossart P. Mengaud J. Listeria monocytogenes, a model system for the molecular study of intracellular parasitism. Mol. Biol. Med. 6 1989 463 474

10.1128/iai.57.11.3629-3636.1989

10.1128/JB.181.21.6840-6843.1999

Cottin J. Loiseau O. Robert R. Mahaza C. Carbonelle B. Senet J. M. Surface Listeria monocytogenes carbohydrate-binding components revealed by agglutination with neoglycoproteins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 68 1990 301 306

10.1006/bbrc.1998.9184

10.1128/iai.65.7.2778-2785.1997

10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.017407.x

10.1007/BF01566878

10.1007/BF00249083

10.1128/iai.61.12.5134-5139.1993

10.1016/S0163-4453(94)94347-8

10.1073/pnas.87.16.6068

10.1056/NEJM199701093360204

10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09306.x

Darji A. Bruder D. zur Lage S. Gerstel B. Chakraborty T. Wehland J. Weiss S. The role of the bacterial membrane protein ActA in immunity and protection against Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 161 1998 2414 2420

10.1002/eji.1830251038

10.1002/eji.1830270609

10.1128/iai.64.6.2356-2358.1996

10.1128/aem.59.10.3495-3497.1993

Daugelat S. Kaufmann S. H. E. Role of Th1 and Th2 cells in bacterial infections. Chem. Immunol. 63 1996 66 97

10.1242/jcs.111.19.2877

Davies W. A. Kinetics of killing Listeria monocytogenes by macrophages: rapid killing accompanying phagocytosis. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 34 1983 131 141

10.1126/science.290.5493.992

10.1128/iai.62.2.543-553.1994

10.4315/0362-028X-53.12.1003

10.1128/iai.64.2.480-484.1996

10.1128/iai.62.11.5102-5111.1994

10.1128/iai.64.9.3475-3483.1996

10.1099/13500872-141-8-1985

10.1111/j.1751-0813.1975.tb09409.x

10.1021/bi992347o

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00736.x

10.1038/nbt0298-181

Dijkstra R. G. Listeriosis in animals: clinical signs diagnosis and treatment Listeriosis: Joint WHO/ROI consultation on prevention and control. VetMed Hefte 5/1987. Schönberg A. 1987 68 76 Institut für Veterinärmedizin des Bundesgesundheitsamtes Berlin Germany

10.1002/cm.970280202

10.1128/iai.59.1.65-72.1991

10.1128/iai.61.7.3073-3075.1993

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05252.x

10.1128/iai.65.1.101-109.1997

Reference deleted.

Donnelly C. W. Listeria monocytogenes Foodborne disease handbook: diseases caused by bacteria Hui Y. H. Gorham J. R. Murrell K. D. Cliver D. O. 1 1994 215 252 Marcel Dekker New York, N.Y

10.1007/s004300050100

10.1146/annurev.cellbio.14.1.137

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01223.x

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02297.x

10.1128/iai.65.5.1615-1625.1997

10.1128/IAI.66.9.4461-4468.1998

Drevets D. A. Listeria monocytogenes infection of cultured endothelial cells stimulates neutrophil adhesion and adhesion molecule expression. J. Immunol. 158 1997 5305 5313

10.1128/IAI.66.1.232-238.1998

10.1128/IAI.67.7.3512-3517.1999

10.1128/iai.59.8.2645-2652.1991

Drevets D. A. Leenen P. J. M. Campbell P. A. Complement receptor type 3 (CD11b/CD18) involvement is essential for killing of Listeria monocytogenes by mouse macrophages. J. Immunol. 151 1993 5431 5439

10.1128/iai.63.11.4268-4276.1995

10.1128/IAI.68.6.3242-3250.2000

Dumont J. Cotoni L. Bacille semblable à celui du rouget du porc rencontré dans le L.C.R. d'un méningitique. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 35 1921 625 633

10.1073/pnas.91.5.1863

10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00910.x

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13651.x

Edelson B. T. Cossart P. Unanue E. R. Cutting edge: paradigm revisited: antibody provides resistance to Listeria infection. J. Immunol. 15 1999 163:4087–4090.

10.1083/jcb.146.6.1319

10.1007/BF01690521

10.1128/iai.65.12.5003-5009.1997

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.541414.x

10.1007/s004380050638

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01076.x

Reference deleted.

10.1016/S0378-1097(97)00110-9

Espaze E. P. Rocourt J. Courtieu A. L. La listériose en France en 1989. Étude à partir des souches adressées au centre national de référence. Bull. Epidémiol. Hebdom. 3 1991 9 10

Evans J. R. Allen A. C. Bortolussi R. Issekutz T. B. Stinson D. A. Follow-up study of survivors of fetal and early-onset neonatal listeriosis. Clin. Investig. Med. 7 1984 329 334

10.1099/00221287-144-1-109

10.1172/JCI119473

10.1128/mr.55.3.476-511.1991

10.1093/infdis/163.4.927

Fenlon D. R. Listeria monocytogenes in the natural environment Listeria listeriosis and food safety 2nd ed. Ryser E. T. Marth E. H. 1999 21 37 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02072.x

10.1056/NEJM198502143120704

10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00993.x

10.1006/mpat.1996.0092

Frankel F. R. Hedge S. Lieberman J. Paterson Y. Induction of cell-mediated immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag protein by using Listeria monocytogenes as a live vaccine vector. J. Immunol. 155 1995 4775 4782

10.1128/iai.58.2.529-535.1990

10.1128/IAI.67.4.1844-1852.1999

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01070.x

10.1128/iai.61.6.2537-2544.1993

10.1128/jb.174.4.1293-1298.1992

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07274.x

10.1038/44860

10.1038/196195a0

10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01869.x

10.1016/0092-8674(91)90009-N

10.1128/iai.55.11.2822-2829.1987

10.1128/iai.52.1.50-55.1986

10.1128/iai.64.4.1299-1308.1996

10.1084/jem.183.2.359

10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01773.x

10.3109/00365548809032469

10.1128/jb.175.24.8014-8017.1993

10.1093/clinids/14.1.23

10.1128/IAI.68.2.999-1003.2000

Geginat G. Lalic M. Kretschmar M. Goebel W. Hof H. Palm D. Bubert A. Th1 cells specific for a secreted protein of Listeria monocytogenes are protective in vivo. J. Immunol. 160 1998 6046 6055

Geginat G. Nichterlein T. Kretschmar M. Schenk S. Hof H. Lalic-Mülthaler M. Goebel W. Bubert A. Enhancement of the Listeria monocytogenes p60-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell memory by nonpathogenic Listeria innocua. J. Immunol. 162 1999 4781 4789

10.1146/annurev.cb.08.110192.001515

10.1128/iai.59.7.2382-2388.1991

10.1128/iai.55.7.1641-1646.1987

Geoffroy C. Gaillard J.-L. Alouf J. E. Berche P. Production of thiol-dependent haemolysins by Listeria monocytogenes and related species. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135 1989 481 487

10.1128/iai.64.6.1929-1936.1996

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81341-0

10.1007/BF01709483

10.1128/jcm.34.6.1391-1395.1996

10.1006/jmbi.1998.2258

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80775-8

Gill D. A. “Circling” disease: a meningoencephalitis of sheep in New Zealand. Vet. J. 89 1933 258 270

10.1111/j.1751-0813.1937.tb01148.x

10.1128/IAI.67.12.6698-6701.1999

10.1128/jb.85.2.349-355.1963

Gitter M. A changing pattern of ovine listeriosis in Gt. Britain Listeria-listeriosis 1985–1986. Courtieu A. L. Espaze E. P. Reynaud A. E. 1986 294 299 University of Nantes Nantes France

10.1016/S0966-842X(96)30044-9

Goebel W. Kreft J. Böckmann R. Regulation of virulence genes in pathogenic Listeria Gram-positive pathogens. Fischetti V. A. 2000 499 506 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C.

10.1128/iai.60.10.4059-4067.1992

10.1128/jb.175.14.4298-4306.1993

10.1242/jcs.110.16.1893

González-Zorn B. Domı́nguez-Bernal G. Suárez M. Ripio M.-T. Vega Y. Novella S. Rodriguez A. Chico I. Tierrez A. Vázquez-Boland J.-A. SmcL, a novel membrane-damaging virulence factor in Listeria. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 290 2000 369 374

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01486.x

10.1093/intimm/7.5.797

10.1016/0923-2508(89)90195-2

10.1101/gad.11.7.815

10.1128/iai.63.7.2729-2737.1995

10.1242/jcs.112.11.1697

10.1128/iai.62.8.3550-3553.1994

Goulet V. Lepoutre A. Rocourt J. Courtieu A.-L. Dehaumont P. Veit P. Épidémie de listériose en France. Bilan final et résultats de l'enquète épidémiologique. Bull. Épidemiol. Hebdom. 4/1993 1993 13 14

Goulet V. Brohier S. Listeriosis in France in 1986: survey of hospital laboratories. Pathol. Biol. 37 1989 206 211

Goulet V. Le Magny F. Rebiere I. Espaze E. P. La listériose en France en 1987. Etude rétrospective à partir d'un échantillon d'hôpitaux publics. Bull. Epidémiol. Hebdom. 12 1989 45 46

10.1139/m96-147

Gravani R. Incidence and control of Listeria in food-processing facilities Listeria listeriosis and food safety 2nd ed. Ryser E. T. Marth E. H. 1999 657 709 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

10.1128/br.30.2.309-382.1966

10.3181/00379727-89-21747

10.1128/iai.64.8.3318-3325.1996

10.1002/jlb.51.4.421

10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.017405.x

10.1128/iai.64.10.3983-3986.1996

10.1128/iai.58.7.2313-2319.1990

Gregory S. H. Wing E. J. IFN-γ inhibits the replication of Listeria monocytogenes in hepatocytes. J. Immunol. 151 1993 1401 1409

10.1128/IAI.68.6.3275-3279.2000

10.1128/IAI.66.11.5260-5267.1998

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12768.x

10.1128/iai.65.9.3976-3980.1997

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81985-6

10.1128/jcm.5.6.559-563.1977

10.1016/S0966-842X(00)88944-1

10.1038/75074

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02494.x

10.1128/iai.63.9.3665-3673.1995

Guzman C. A. Weiss S. Chakraborty T. Listeria monocytogenes —a promising vaccine carrier to evoke cellular immune responses Gram-positive bacteria as vaccine vehicles for mucosal immunization. Pozzi G. Wells J. 1997 145 173 Landes Biosciences Austin Tex

10.1128/iai.60.4.1406-1414.1992

Haas A. Brehm K. Superoxide dismutases and catalases-biochemistry, molecular biology and some biomedical aspects. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. 13 1993 243 269

10.1016/0167-4781(92)90466-D

10.3109/10715769209049167

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3101672.x

Hacker J. Kaper J. The concept of pathogenicity islands Pathogenicity islands of virulent bacteria: structure function and impact on microbial evolution. Kaper J. Hacker J. 2000 1 12 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C.

10.1128/iai.63.12.4595-4599.1995

10.1006/mpat.1996.0027

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06121.x

10.1128/jb.172.4.1905-1915.1990

10.1084/jem.175.6.1531

10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80041-0

Harty J. T. Pamer E. G. CD8 T lymphocytes specific for the secreted p60 antigen protect against Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 154 1995 4642 4650

10.1073/pnas.89.23.11612

Harvey P. C. Faber J. E. Some biochemical reactions of the Listerella group. J. Bacteriol. 41 1941 45 46

10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02131.x

Hauf N. Goebel W. Fiedler F. Kuhn M. Listeria monocytogenes infection of Caco-2 epithelial cells induces activation of transcription factor NF-κB/Rel-like DNA binding activities. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 178 1999 117 122

10.1073/pnas.94.17.9394

10.1128/iai.62.7.2740-2747.1994

10.1128/iai.54.3.787-792.1986

Havell E. A. Evidence that tumor necrosis factor has an important role in antibacterial resistance. J. Immunol. 143 1989 2894 2899

Havell E. A. Sehgal P. B. Tumor necrosis factor-independent IL-6 production during murine listeriosis. J. Immunol. 146 1991 756 761

10.1006/jsbi.1998.3978

10.1128/IAI.67.8.4201-4207.1999

10.1016/S0934-8840(96)80102-2

10.1128/iai.65.4.1286-1292.1997

10.1073/pnas.93.4.1458

10.1128/iai.63.5.2047-2053.1995

10.1007/BF01639731

10.1002/jlb.66.3.423

Hitbold E. M. Ziegler H. K. Mechanisms of processing and presentation of the antigens of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect. Agents Dis. 2 1994 314 323

Hitbold E. M. Safley S. A. Ziegler H. K. The presentation of classI and classII epitopes of listeriolysin O is regulaged by intracellular localization and by intercellular spread of Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 157 1996 1163 1175

10.1001/archinte.1986.00360150134016

10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01643.x

10.1007/BF02122112

10.1128/CMR.10.2.345

10.1126/science.8097338

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02252.x

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13578.x

10.1016/S0264-410X(96)00188-0

10.1128/iai.63.5.1876-1886.1995

10.1146/annurev.genet.31.1.113

10.1126/science.274.5288.780

10.1074/jbc.274.24.17025

10.1093/nar/21.3.753

Ivanov I. Untersuchungen über die Listeriose der Schaffe in Bulgarien Monatsh. Vet. Med. 17 1962 729 736

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00858.x

Jacquet C. Miegeville A.-F. Catimel B. Huyn G. Courtieu A.-L. Rocourt J. La listériose humaine en France en 1991, 1992 et 1993. Bull. Epidémiol. Hebdom. 28 1994 123 125

10.1128/aem.61.6.2242-2246.1995

10.1128/jb.88.2.418-424.1964

Jenkins E. M. Watson B. B. Serum protein changes: an activity of the extracellular hemolytic-lipolytic protein from Listeria monocytogenes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 30 1969 669 677

10.1128/iai.3.4.589-594.1971

10.3109/00365549409011781

10.1128/jvi.71.11.8467-8474.1997

10.1128/IAI.66.8.3758-3766.1998

10.1016/0378-1119(88)90466-0

10.1128/iai.62.12.5608-5613.1994

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.00074.x

Jones T. C. Hunt R. D. Veterinary pathology 5th ed. 1983 631 634 Lea and Febiger Philadelphia Pa

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01652.x

Jungherr E. Ovine encephalomyelitis associated with Listerella infection. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 91 1937 73 87

10.1128/iai.65.12.5279-5288.1997

10.1093/clinids/17.2.224

10.1006/jmbi.1998.1643

Kampelmacher E. H. Van Noorle Jansen L. Listeriosis in humans and animals in the Netherlands (1958–1977). Zentbl. Baktenol. Hyg. I Abt. Orig. A 246 1980 211 227

10.1021/bi970065n

10.1128/iai.61.1.162-169.1993

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10209.x

10.1128/iai.62.8.3554-3558.1994

10.1128/jb.169.3.1291-1297.1987

10.1099/00207713-41-2-328

10.1128/iai.58.12.3988-3995.1990

10.1128/iai.56.2.534-536.1988

10.1016/S0165-2478(98)00128-X

10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.001021

10.1093/infdis/112.2.167

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01305.x

Reference deleted.

Khan M. A. Seaman S. Woodbine W. Listeria monocytogenes haemolysin: lecithinase. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19 1972 341 352

Khan M. A. Seaman S. Woodbine W. The pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. 1 Abt. Orig. A 224 1973 355 361

10.1128/iai.1.4.356-362.1970

10.3109/01913129309027794

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00453.x

10.1016/S0046-8177(86)80572-X

10.1016/0968-0004(94)90090-6

Kocks C. Cossart P. Directional actin assembly by Listeria monocytogenes at the site of polar surface expression of the actA gene product involving the actin-bundling protein plastin (fimbrin). Infect. Agents Dis. 2 1994 207 209

10.1016/0092-8674(92)90188-I

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18030413.x

10.1242/jcs.105.3.699

10.1128/jb.173.15.4668-4674.1991

10.1128/iai.58.6.1943-1950.1990

10.1146/annurev.bi.62.070193.003533

10.1128/IAI.68.6.3680-3688.2000

10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.643

Kreft J. Bohne J. Gross R. Kestler H. Sokolovic Z. Goebel W. Control of Listeria monocytogenes virulence by the transcriptional regulator PrfA Signal tranduction and bacterial virulence. R. G. Rappuoli R. Scarlato V. Arico B. 1995 129 142 Landes Company Austin Tex

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07403.x

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03298.x

Kreft J. Vazquez-Boland J.-A. Ng E. Goebel W. Virulence gene clusters and putative pathogenicity islands in Listeria Pathogenicity islands and other mobile genetic elements. Kaper J. Hacker J. 1999 219 232 American Society for Microbiology Washington. D.C

Krüll M. Nost R. Hippenstiel S. Domann E. Chakraborty T. Suttorp N. Listeria monocytogenes potently induces up-regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules and neutrophil adhesion to cultured human endothelial cells. J. Immunol. 159 1997 1970 1976

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12895.x

Kuhn M. Engelbrecht F. Sokolovic Z. Kügler S. Schüller S. Bubert A. Karunasagar I. Böckmann R. Hauf N. Demuth A. Kreft J. Goebel W. Interaction of intracellular bacteria with mammalian host cells and host cell responses. Nova Acta Leopold. 301 1997 207 221

10.1128/iai.57.1.55-61.1989

10.1128/iai.62.2.348-356.1994

10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00992.x

10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01139-6

10.1007/978-1-4757-4580-1_16

10.1128/iai.56.1.79-82.1988

10.1097/00062752-199803000-00007

10.1128/IAI.66.8.3775-3782.1998

Lammerding A. M. Doyle M. P. Stability of Listeria monocytogenes to non-thermal processing conditions Foodborne listeriosis. Miller A. J. Smith J. L. Somkuti G. A. 1990 195 202 Elsevier New York N.Y

Reference deleted.

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00409.x

10.1093/emboj/16.7.1531

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18030425.x

10.1016/S0167-4889(98)00009-3

10.1083/jcb.144.6.1245

10.1038/75057

10.1128/iai.57.8.2569-2573.1989

10.1128/jb.176.10.3040-3048.1994

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02566.x

10.1093/emboj/18.14.3956

10.1073/pnas.97.18.10008

10.1128/iai.65.12.5309-5319.1997

10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.000541

Leighton I. Threlfall D. R. Oakley C. L. Phospholipase C activity in culture filtrates from Listeria monocytogenes Problems of listeriosis. Woodbine M. 1975 239 241 Leicester University Press Leicester England

10.1128/iai.57.8.2350-2357.1989

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02117.x

10.1128/jb.174.3.947-952.1992

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03591.x

10.1073/pnas.87.21.8336

10.1084/jem.161.5.1079

10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02281.x

10.1128/jcm.31.6.1537-1540.1993

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00947.x

10.1128/iai.64.3.1002-1006.1996

10.1128/iai.64.3.1002-1006.1996

10.1056/NEJM198809293191303

10.1128/CMR.6.2.137

10.1128/aem.56.6.1912-1918.1990

10.1038/44183

10.1128/IAI.68.8.4789-4791.2000

Lorber B. Clinical listeriosis—implications for pathogenesis Foodborne listeriosis. Miller A. J. Smith J. L. Somkuti G. A. 1990 41 49 Elsevier New York N.Y

10.1093/clinids/24.1.1

10.1128/aem.63.4.1252-1255.1997

Lou Y. Yousef A. E. Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes important to food processors Listeria listeriosis and food safety 2nd ed. Ryser E. T. Marth E. H. 1999 131 224 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

10.1016/0034-5288(91)90012-D

10.1016/S1090-0233(97)80005-6

10.1128/jcm.30.10.2705-2708.1992

10.1136/vr.133.7.165

10.1097/00007890-198911000-00025

10.1128/iai.38.3.1164-1171.1982

10.1128/iai.28.2.516-523.1980

10.1016/S0960-9822(97)70079-4

10.1038/10020

10.1016/S0955-0674(99)80014-3

10.1073/pnas.96.7.3739

10.1084/jem.116.3.381

10.1084/jem.129.5.973

10.1006/jmbi.1994.1478

10.1128/iai.30.3.851-861.1980

10.1083/jcb.130.2.331

10.1006/mpat.1997.0144

10.1016/0021-9975(92)90090-H

10.1177/030098588802500508

10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80234-8

10.1073/pnas.97.16.8784

10.1128/iai.61.9.3756-3760.1993

10.1128/iai.63.11.4531-4534.1995

10.1083/jcb.137.6.1381

10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01708.x

10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70672-6

Mata M. Paterson Y. Th1 T cell responses to HIV-1 Gag protein delivered by a Listeria monocytogenes vaccine are similar to those induced by endogeneous listerial antigens. J. Immunol. 163 1999 1449 1456

10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80337-6

McCarthy S. A. Listeria in the environment Foodborne listeriosis. Miller A. J. Smith J. L. Somkuti G. A. 1990 25 29 Elsevier New York N.Y

McLauchlin J. Listeria monocytogenes, recent advances in taxonomy and epidemiology of listeriosis in humans. J. Appl. Microbiol. 63 1987 1 11

10.1017/S0950268800059343

10.1017/S0950268800059355

10.1007/BF01963840

McLauchlin J. Epidemiology of listeriosis in Britain Proceedings of the International Conference on Listeria and Food Safety. Amgar A. 1991 38 47 Aseptic Processing Association Laval France

10.1016/0168-1605(90)90073-E

10.1136/bmj.303.6805.773

McLauchlin J. Low J. C. Primary cutaneous listeriosis in adults: an occupational disease of veterinarians and farmers. Vet. Rec. 135 1994 615 617

10.1099/00221287-144-5-1359

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00891.x

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02118.x

10.1128/iai.56.4.766-772.1988

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02158.x

10.1128/iai.59.3.1043-1049.1991

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81070-3

10.1128/iai.56.4.766-772.1988

10.1128/iai.57.12.3695-3701.1989

10.1128/jb.174.22.7098-7103.1992

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13338.x

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00578.x

10.1128/iai.56.8.1920-1925.1988

10.1128/JCM.37.7.2358-2360.1999

10.1084/jem.120.1.93

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.2711634.x

10.1128/CMR.10.1.1

10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02208.x

10.1099/00221287-146-3-731

10.1128/iai.58.5.1254-1260.1990

10.1099/00221287-106-1-165

10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01495.x

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10187.x

Molello J. A. Jensen R. Plancental pathology. IV. Placental lesions of sheep experimentally infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 25 1964 441 449

10.1128/IAI.67.1.131-139.1999

10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47249-3

10.1128/iai.58.4.1048-1058.1990

10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199910)29:10<3089::AID-IMMU3089>3.0.CO;2-D

10.1128/IAI.66.7.3128-3133.1998

10.1016/0962-8924(96)20017-0

10.1016/0882-4010(88)90080-0

10.1002/path.1700290409

10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01752.x

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01159.x

10.1128/IAI.68.12.7061-7068.2000

10.1021/bi00019a032

10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022054

10.1128/iai.50.3.877-880.1985

10.1128/iai.59.12.4641-4646.1991

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01271.x

10.1128/MMBR.63.1.174-229.1999

Navas J. B. González-Zorn N. Ladrón P. Garrido and J. A. Vázquez-Boland. 1999. Identification and mutagenesis by allelic exchange of choE encoding a cholesterol oxidase of the intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi. J. Bacteriol. in press.

Reference deleted.

10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.001425

Niebuhr K. Chakraborty T. Köllner P. Wehland J. Production of monoclonal antibodies to the phosphatidyl-choline-specific phospholipase C of Listeria monocytogenes, a virulence factor for this species. Med. Microbiol. Lett. 2 1993 9 16

10.1128/iai.61.7.2793-2802.1993

10.1093/emboj/16.17.5433

10.1093/clinids/2.2.207

10.1128/iai.64.8.3188-3195.1996

10.1128/jb.86.1.1-8.1963

10.1007/BF01967105

10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00704.x

10.1084/jem.132.3.521

North R. J. The concept of the activated macrophage. J. Immunol. 121 1978 806 809

Reference deleted.

Nyfelt A. Etiologie de la mononucléose infectieuse. C. R. Soc. Biol. 101 1929 590 591

10.1128/iai.56.3.539-547.1988

10.1128/IAI.66.9.4043-4049.1998

10.1099/00222615-47-3-211

10.1128/iai.62.8.3080-3085.1994

Olson C. Crook R. H. Blore I. C. The reaction of blood cells in experimental listeriosis in sheep. Am. J. Vet. Res. 11 1950 29 40

10.1093/infdis/95.1.52

Osebold J. W. Kendrick J. W. Njoku-Obi A. Abortion of cattle experimentally with Listeria monocytogenes. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 137 1960 227 233

Otter A. Blakemore W. F. Observation on the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in axons. Acta Microbiol. Hung. 36 1989 125 131

10.1128/AAC.43.5.1242

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07101.x

10.1002/eji.1830270637

10.1021/bi9720890

10.1093/emboj/17.6.1598

10.1038/353852a0

10.1038/nm0595-471

Pan Z. K. Ikonomidis G. Pardoll D. Paterson Y. Regression of established cancer mediated by the oral delivery of a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccine expressing a model tumour antigen. Cancer Res. 55 1995 4776 4779

Immunity to L. monocytogenes: a model intracellular pathogen. Immunol. Rev. Parham P. Unanue E. R. 158 1997 1 169

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00776.x

10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09078.x

10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00958.x

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01609.x

10.1097/00004347-199810000-00008

10.1016/0966-842X(93)90036-Q

10.1021/bi00194a011

10.1016/0147-619X(82)90049-X

10.1016/0378-1135(95)00185-9

10.1046/j.1462-5822.2000.00034.x

10.1002/elps.1150160172

10.1002/elps.1150180821

10.1099/00222615-45-4-258

10.1073/pnas.86.10.3818

10.1128/iai.57.8.2553-2558.1989

10.1001/jama.1992.03480150052036

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06318.x

10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00104-7

10.1242/jcs.113.18.3277

10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00167-9

10.1016/0952-7915(92)90118-X

10.1128/iai.60.4.1263-1267.1992

10.1084/jem.167.4.1459

10.1128/iai.60.7.2710-2717.1992

10.1128/iai.61.4.1576-1580.1993

10.1016/0140-6736(90)91447-I

10.1007/BF01989983

10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00120.x

10.1128/IAI.66.2.747-755.1998

10.1128/iai.50.1.91-96.1985

10.1056/NEJM199209173271208

Rácz P. Tenner K. Mérö E. Experimental Listeria enteritis. I. An electron microscopic study of the epithelial phase in experimental Listeria infection. Lab. Investig. 26 1972 694 700

10.1007/s004380050880

Ralovich B. Emödy L. Merö E. Biological properties of virulent and weakly virulent L. monocytogenes strains. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19 1972 323 326

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13394.x

10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80038-0

10.1099/13500872-141-9-2053

10.1128/iai.60.3.916-921.1992

10.1128/iai.62.2.665-672.1994

Rebhun W. C. deLahunta A. Diagnosis and treatment of bovine listeriosis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 180 1982 395 398

10.1172/JCI112942

Redline R. W. Lu C. Y. Specific defects in the anti-listerial immune response in discrete regions of the murine uterus and placenta account for susceptibility to infection. J. Immunol. 140 1988 3947 3955

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07146.x

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05264.x

10.1093/nar/17.5.1907

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01621.x

10.1128/iai.65.4.1515-1518.1997

10.1093/infdis/170.3.693

10.1128/jb.179.22.7174-7180.1997

10.1128/jb.179.5.1533-1540.1997

10.1016/0923-2508(96)84712-7

10.1016/0923-2508(96)81053-9

Reference deleted.

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12798.x

10.1083/jcb.146.6.1333

Rocourt J. Listeria monocytogenes: the state of the art. Dairy Food Environ. Sanitation 14 1994 70 82

10.1016/S0956-7135(96)00035-7

Rocourt J. The genus Listeria and Listeria monocytogenes : phylogenetic position taxonomy and identification Listeria listeriosis and food safety 2nd ed. Ryser E. T. Marth E. H. 1999 1 20 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

Rocourt J. Alonso J. M. Seeliger H. P. R. Virulence comparée des cinq groupes génomiques de Listeria monocytogenes (sensu lato). Ann. Microbiol. 134A 1983 359 364

Rocourt J. Brosch R. Human listeriosis 1990. Document WHO/HPP/FOS/92.4. 1992 World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

10.1099/00207713-33-4-866

Rocourt J. Hof H. Schrettenbrunner A. Malinverni R. Bille J. Acute purulent Listeria seeligeri meningitis in an immunocompetent adult. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 116 1986 248 251

Rocourt J. Jacquet C. Epidémiologie des infections humaines à Listeria monocytogenes en 1994: certitudes et interrogations. Ann. Inst. Pasteur/Actualités 5 1994 168 174

10.1016/S0399-077X(05)81053-4

Rocourt J. Seeliger H. P. R. Distribution des espèces du genre Listeria. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. A 259 1985 317 330

Rogers H. W. Callery M. P. Deck B. Unanue E. R. Listeria monocytogenes induces apoptosis of infected hepatocytes. J. Immunol. 156 1996 679 684

10.1128/iai.61.12.5090-5096.1993

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80732-1

10.1084/jem.170.1.27

10.1083/jcb.136.6.1323

Reference deleted.

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80251-2

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07864.x

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00775.x

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.641432.x

10.1099/00221287-139-3-609

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.d01-1867.x

Ryser E. T. Foodborne listeriosis Listeria listeriosis and food safety 2nd ed. Ryser E. T. Marth E. H. 1999 299 358 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

Ryser E. T. Marth E. H. Listeria listeriosis and food safety 2nd ed. 1999 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

Safley S. A. Cluff C. W. Marshall N. E. Ziegler H. K. Role of listeriolysin O in the T lymphocyte response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 146 1991 3604 3616

10.1128/jb.179.15.4874-4881.1997

10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89041-6

10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09418.x

10.1017/S0950268800059082

10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00027-2

10.1099/00207713-46-3-669

10.1016/0163-4453(90)91244-8

10.1016/0966-842X(96)30017-6

10.1128/AEM.65.6.2765-2769.1999

Sarrut S. Alison F. Etude du placenta dans 21 cas de listériose congénitale. Arch. Fr. Pediatr. 24 1967 285 302

10.1128/iai.57.8.2547-2552.1989

10.1002/jlb.60.5.603

10.1016/S0968-0004(96)10038-4

Schlech W. F. III. An animal model of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes virulence: effect of alterations of local and systemic immunity on invasive infection. Clin. Investig. Med. 16 1993 219 225

10.1016/0168-1605(93)90003-Y

10.1056/NEJM198301273080407

10.1097/00005072-199601000-00002

10.1128/IAI.66.12.5930-5938.1998

10.1126/science.7701329

Schönberg A. Teufel P. Weise E. Serovars of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua from food. Acta Microbiol. Hung. 36 1989 249 253

10.1001/jama.1992.03480150047035

10.1056/NEJM199710023371404

10.1128/CMR.4.2.169

10.1016/S0928-8244(98)00024-8

10.1002/jlb.56.5.533

10.1128/iai.62.11.4795-4803.1994

10.1073/pnas.91.14.6428

10.1093/infdis/159.4.680

Schwarzer N. Nost R. Seybold J. Parida S. K. Fuhrmann O. Krüll M. Schmidt R. Newton R. Hippenstiel S. Domann E. Chakraborty T. Suttorp N. Two distinct phospholipases C of Listeria monocytogenes induce ceramide generation, nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells. J. Immunol. 161 1998 3010 3018

10.1083/jcb.137.1.155

Seeliger H. P. R. Listeriosis. 1961 Karger New York N.Y

Seeliger H. P. R. New outlook on the epidemiology and epizootiology of listeriosis. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19 1972 273 286

10.1007/BF01639726

Seeliger H. P. R. Jones D. Genus Listeria Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology Sneath P. H. A. Mair N. S. Sharpe M. E. Holt J. G. 2 1986 1235 1245 Williams & Wilkins Baltimore, Md

10.1099/00207713-34-3-336

Seeliger H. P. R. Schrettenbrunner A. Pongratz G. Hof H. Zur Sonderstellung stark hämolysierender Stäme der Gattung Listeria Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. 1 Abt. Orig. A 252 1982 176 190

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00941.x

10.1128/jb.175.18.5953-5961.1993

10.1111/j.1751-0813.1991.tb09846.x

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81660-8

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02517.x

10.1128/jb.177.22.6469-6476.1995

10.1073/pnas.92.9.3987

10.1016/S0952-7915(98)80120-9

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00141-0

10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80004-7

Sibelius U. Chakraborty T. Krögel B. Wolf J. Rose F. Schmidt R. Wehland J. Seeger W. Grimminger F. The listerial exotoxins listeriolysin and phosphatydilinositol-specific phospholipase C synergize to elicit endothelial cell phosphoinositide metabolism. J. Immunol. 157 1996 4055 4060

10.1128/iai.64.2.674-676.1996

10.1128/IAI.67.3.1125-1130.1999

Siddique I. H. Fong Lin M. S. I- Chung R. A. Purification and characterization of hemolysin produced by Listeria monocytogenes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 35 1974 289 296

Siddique I. H. McKenzie B. E. Sapp W. J. Rich P. Light and electron microscopic study of the livers of pregnant mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 39 1978 887 892

10.1146/annurev.cb.10.110194.002201

10.1016/0966-842X(96)81501-0

Sijts A. J. A. M. Neisig A. Neefjes J. Pamer E. G. Two Listeria monocytogenes CTL epitopes are processed from the same antigen with different efficiencies. J. Immunol. 156 1996 685 692

Sirard J.-C. Fayolle C. de Chastellier C. Mock M. Leclerc C. Berche P. Intracytoplasmic delivery of listeriolysin O by a vaccinal strain of Bacillus anthracis induces CD8-mediated protection against Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 159 1997 4435 4443

10.1128/jcm.15.3.503-507.1982

10.1083/jcb.150.3.527

10.1093/clinids/14.4.815

Slutsker L. Schuchat A. Listeriosis in humans Listeria listeriosis and food safety 2nd ed. Ryser E. T. Marth E. H. 1999 75 95 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

10.1128/iai.63.11.4231-4237.1995

10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01048-2

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17050945.x

10.1083/jcb.135.3.647

Smyth J. Duncan J. L. Thiol-activated (oxygen labile) cytolysins Bacterial toxins and cell membranes. Jeljaszewicz J. Wadström T. 1978 129 183 Academic Press Ltd. London England

10.1128/iai.58.11.3582-3587.1990

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01566.x

10.1002/bies.950161206

10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01443.x

10.1128/jb.174.4.1081-1085.1992

10.1128/jcm.25.11.2085-2089.1987

Reference deleted.

10.1128/iai.58.11.3770-3778.1990

10.1016/S0962-8924(00)88956-4

10.1093/ajcp/96.1.130

10.1128/jb.92.3.536-542.1966

10.1136/fn.71.2.F75

10.1128/iai.63.8.3187-3195.1995

10.1128/iai.64.6.2359-2361.1996

10.1091/mbc.5.4.455

10.1128/IAI.66.3.1106-1112.1998

10.1001/jama.1995.03520380054035

10.1242/jcs.107.10.2951

Reference deleted.

10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.001241

10.1016/0092-8674(94)90114-7

10.1038/357257a0

10.1083/jcb.109.4.1597

10.1016/0966-842X(93)90021-I

10.1128/iai.57.2.367-376.1989

10.1128/iai.63.5.1739-1744.1995

10.1128/CMR.6.2.118

10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00245.x

Urbaneck D. Zur Neuropathogenese der Listeriose. Histologische Untersuchungen am N. trigeminus bei spontanen zerebraler Form der Listeriose erkrankten Schafen. Arch. Exp. Vetmed. 20 1962 23 48

10.1006/excr.1999.4500

10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00515.x

10.1016/S0378-1097(98)00111-6

Reference deleted.

Vázquez-Boland J. A. Domı́nguez L. Blanco M. Rocourt J. Fernández-Garayzábal J. F. Gutiérrez C. B. Tascón R. I. Rodrı́guez-Ferri E. F. Epidemiologic investigation of a silage-associated epizootic of ovine listeric encephalitis, using a new Listeria-selective enumeration medium and phage typing. Am. J. Vet. Res. 53 1992 368 371

Vázquez-Boland J. A. Domı́nguez L. Fernández J. F. Rodrı́guez-Ferri E. F. Briones V. Blanco M. Suárez G. Revision of the validity of CAMP tests for Listeria identification. Proposal of an alternative method for the determination of haemolytic activity by Listeria strains. Acta Microbiol. Hung. 37 1990 201 206

10.1128/CMR.5.3.343

10.1128/iai.57.12.3928-3935.1989

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03603.x

10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01413-7

Vázquez-Boland J. A. Gamallo J. A. Ripio M. T. Domı́nguez-Bernal G. Lara M. Vega Y. Mainar R. C. Suárez M. Listeriosis animal: aspectos epidemiológicos y diagnósticos, implicaciones en salud pública, y situación en Espafia. Med. Vet. 13 1996 333 344

10.1128/iai.60.1.219-230.1992

10.1128/JB.180.24.6655-6660.1998

Reference deleted.

10.1006/mpat.1994.1050

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb00988.x

Villanueva M. S. Sijts A. J. A. M. Pamer E. Listeriolysin is processed efficiently into an MHC class I-associated epitope in Listeria monocytogenes-infected cells. J. Immunol. 155 1995 5227 5233

10.1016/0923-2508(92)90020-O

10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00207-4

10.1128/IAI.67.4.1770-1778.1999

Reference deleted.

10.1111/j.1365-2672.1981.tb00865.x

10.1128/iai.7.5.753-758.1973

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.421404.x

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10287.x

10.1093/clinids/6.6.814

10.1128/am.30.1.29-32.1975

10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb01002.x

10.1083/jcb.138.2.375

10.1038/385265a0

10.1126/science.281.5373.105

10.1128/am.21.3.516-519.1971

Wesley I. V. Listeriosis in animals Listeria listeriosis and food safety 2nd ed. Ryser E. T. Marth E. H. 1999 39 73 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

10.1128/jb.176.24.7532-7542.1994

10.1128/JB.180.14.3650-3656.1998

10.1128/iai.65.7.2707-2716.1997

10.1093/infdis/162.2.474

10.1128/JB.182.3.837-841.2000

10.1086/314490

10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80218-8

10.1128/iai.61.7.3068-3072.1993

10.1128/jb.175.11.3491-3501.1993

10.1083/jcb.141.3.779

10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80243-7

10.1126/science.8502994

10.1007/BF02790405

10.1128/iai.61.4.1334-1339.1993

10.1074/jbc.M006407200

10.1128/iai.63.2.720-723.1995

10.1096/fasebj.13.9001.s91

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

Tập 14 Số 3

584-640

Thông tin tác giả