<i>Klebsiella</i> spp. như Nhiễm Trùng Bệnh Viện: Dịch Tễ Học, Phân Loại, Các Phương Pháp Định Tuổi, và Yếu Tố Gây Bệnh
Tóm tắt
Vi khuẩn thuộc chi Klebsiella thường gây nhiễm trùng bệnh viện ở người. Đặc biệt, chủng Klebsiella có ý nghĩa y tế quan trọng nhất, Klebsiella pneumoniae, chiếm tỷ lệ lớn trong số các nhiễm trùng đường tiểu, viêm phổi, nhiễm trùng huyết và nhiễm trùng mô mềm mắc phải trong bệnh viện. Các ổ chứa bệnh lý chính cho sự truyền nhiễm của Klebsiella là đường tiêu hóa và tay của nhân viên bệnh viện. Do khả năng lan rộng nhanh chóng trong môi trường bệnh viện, những vi khuẩn này có xu hướng gây ra các đợt bùng phát nhiễm trùng bệnh viện. Các đợt bùng phát trong bệnh viện của các chủng Klebsiella đa kháng thuốc, đặc biệt là những chủng trong khu sơ sinh, thường do các loại chủng mới gây ra, được gọi là các chủng sản xuất β-lactamase phổ rộng (ESBL). Tỷ lệ các chủng sản xuất ESBL trong số các chủng Klebsiella lâm sàng đã liên tục tăng lên trong những năm gần đây. Các hạn chế điều trị dẫn đến đòi hỏi những biện pháp mới để quản lý nhiễm trùng Klebsiella trong bệnh viện. Trong khi các phương pháp định tuổi khác nhau là các công cụ dịch tễ học hữu ích để kiểm soát nhiễm trùng, những phát hiện gần đây về các yếu tố độc lực của Klebsiella đã cung cấp những hiểu biết mới về chiến lược gây bệnh của những vi khuẩn này. Yếu tố gây bệnh của Klebsiella như nang hoặc lipopolysaccharides hiện đang được coi là các ứng viên triển vọng cho nỗ lực tiêm chủng có thể phục vụ như các biện pháp kiểm soát nhiễm trùng miễn dịch.
Từ khóa
#chi Klebsiella #Klebsiella pneumoniae #nhiễm trùng bệnh viện #β-lactamase phổ rộng (ESBL) #chiến lược gây bệnh #yếu tố độc lực #kháng thuốc đa dược phẩm #tiêm chủng #vi sinh bệnh viện #kiểm soát nhiễm trùng.Tài liệu tham khảo
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