GaiaEarly Data Release 3

Astronomy and Astrophysics - Tập 649 - Trang A1 - 2021
A. Vallenari1, T. Prusti2, C. Babusiaux3,4, C. A. L. Bailer‐Jones5, O. L. Creevey6, L. Eyer7, A. Hutton8, C. Jordi2, F. Mignard9, S. A. Klioner10, U. Lammers11, M. David9, C. Panem12, D. Pourbaix13,14, S. Randich15, S. Randich3, C. Soubiran16, F. Arenou7, C. Soubiran3, U. Bastian17, R. Drimmel18, M. G. Lattanzi3, F. van Leeuwen7, L. Chemin11, J. Castañeda19, A. Gómez20, A. Moitinho7, C. Fabricius16, M. Fouesneau9, M. Fouesneau17, Y. Frémat21, A. Guerrier12, J. Guiraud12, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo12, E. Masana9, R. Messineo22, N. Mowlavï23, C. Nicolas12, R. I. Anderson24,25, P. Panuzzo12, P. Panuzzo3, W. Roux12, G. M. Seabroke12, R. Sordo18, P. Tanga6, F. Thévenin6, S. Els5,26, D. Teyssier27, M. Altmann5,28, R. Andrae17, I. Bellas-Velidis29, K. Benson18, J. Berthier30, E. Brugaletta21, Thomas Brüsemeister31, P. W. Burgess7, B. Carry7, A. Cellino6, N. Cheek32, Y. Damerdji19, J. Cuypers33,34, L. Delchambre35, A. Dell’Oro15, L. Galluccio36, Miguel García-Torres6, A. Dell’Oro11, M. Garcia-Reinaldos11, E. Gosset13,34, R. Haigron3, J.-L. Halbwachs37, S. Henrot-Versillé35, D. Hatzidimitriou7,38, D. Hatzidimitriou39, U. Heiter40, J. Hernández11, A. Chiavassa30, S. T. Hodgkin7, John Douglas Hunt23,24, S. Boudreault41, S. Jordan23, A. Krone-Martins5, W. Löffler42,31, A. Lorca5, M. Manteiga8, O. Marchal37, P. M. Marrese43,44, K. Muinonen8, K. Muinonen45,46, E. Pancino7, E. Pancino15,44, T. Pauwels21, A. G. A. Brown47, A. Recio–Blanco6, P. J. Richards48, M. Riello7, L. Rimoldini24, A. C. Robin47, T. Roegiers49, J. Rybizki17, L. M. Sarro50, C. Siopis14, M. Smith18, A. Sozzetti51, A. Ulla52, E. Utrilla8, M. van Leeuwen7, W. van Reeven8, U. Abbas51, A. Abreu Aramburu36, C. Aerts53, J. J. Aguado50, M. Ajaj3, G. Altavilla43,44, M. A. Álvarez54, J. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes55, J. Alves56, E. Anglada Varela36, T. Antoja9, M. Audard24, D. Baines27, Steven G. Baker18, L. Balaguer-Núñez9, E. Balbinot57, Z. Balog5,17, C. Barache28, D. Barbato23,51, M. Barros58, M. A. Barstow59, S. Bartolomé9, J.-L. Bassilana53, N. Bauchet30, A. Baudesson-Stella53, U. Becciani31, M. Bellazzini19, M. Bernet9, S. Bertone60,61,51, L. Bianchi62, S. Blanco-Cuaresma63, T. Boch37, A. Bombrun64, D. Bossini65, A. Bragaglia28, L. Bramante22, E. Breedt7, A. Bressan66, N. Brouillet16, B. Bucciarelli51, Alexandru Burlacu67, D. Busonero51, A. G. Butkevich51, R. Buzzi51, E. Caffau3, R. Cancelliere68, H. Cánovas8, T. Cantat-Gaudin9, R. Carballo69, T. Carlucci28, M. I. Carnerero51, J. M. Carrasco9, L. Casamiquela16, M. Castellani43, A. Castro-Ginard9, P. Castro Sampol9, P. Charlot16, Maria-Rosa L. Cioni41, G. Comoretto70, W. James Cooper71,51, T. Cornez53, S. Cowell7, F. Crifo3, C. Crowley64, A. Dapergolas29, P. de Laverny6, F. De Luise72, R. De March22, J. De Ridder73, R. de Souza74, P. de Teodoro11, A. de Torres64, E. F. del Peloso5, E. del Pozo8, Marco Delbò6, A. Delgado50, H. E. Delgado50, J.-B. Delisle23, P. Di Matteo3, S. Diakité75, E. Distefano7, C. Dolding18, D. Eappachen76,77, B. Edvardsson78, H. Enke41, P. Esquej79, C. Fabre80, M. Fabrizio43,44, S. Faigler81, G. Fedorets82,45, P. Fernique83,37, A. Fienga30,84, F. Figueras9, C. Fouron67, Francesca Fragkoudi85, E. Fraile79, Florian Franke86, M. Gai51, S. Galleti54, A. Garcia-Gutierrez9, A. Garofalo19, P. Gavras79, E. Gerlach10, J. Gerssen10, P. Giacobbe51, G. Gilmore7, S. Girona55, G. Giuffrida43, Roy Gomel81, I. González-Santamaría54, J. J. González‐Vidal9, Mikael Granvik45,87, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez27, L. P. Guy24,70, M. Haywood3, A. Helmi57, S. L. Hidalgo88,89, T. Hilger10, N. Hładczuk11, D. Hobbs90, G. Holland7, H. E. Huckle18, G. Jasniewicz91, P. G. Jonker76,77, J. Juaristi Campillo5, F. Julbé9, L. Karbevska23, P. Kervella92, S. Khanna57, A. Kochoska93, K. Kolenberg39, G. Kordopatis6, A. J. Korn40, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska1,77, K. Kruszyńska94, S. Lambert28, A. F. Lanza31, Y. Lasne53, P. Leto16, Y. Le Fustec67, Y. Lebreton92,95, T. Lebzelter56, S. Leccia96, N. Leclerc3, I. Lecœur-Taı̈bi24, H. Lenhardt51, E. Licata51, E. P. Lindstrøm51,97, Tim Lister98, E. Livanou39, A. Lobel21, P. Madrero Pardo9, S. Managau53, C. del Burgo35, M. Marconi99, M. M. S. Marcos Santos32, S. Marinoni43,44, F. Marocco100,101, David J. Marshall102, L. Martin Polo32, J. M. Martín-Fleitas8, A. Masip9, D. Massari19, A. Mastrobuono-Battisti90, T. Mazeh81, P. J. McMillan90, S. Messina31, Daniel Michalik2, N. R. Millar7, A. Mints41, D. Molina9, R. Molinaro96, L. Molnár103,104,105, P. Montegriffo19, A. Mora51, R. Morbidelli51, T. Morel34, D. Morris35, I. Musella22, Diego J. Muñoz53, T. Muraveva19, C. P. Murphy11, L. Noval53, C. Ordénovic6, Graziella Orrù22, C. Pagani59, Jon M. Jenkins31, L. Palaversa7,106, P. A. Palicio6, G. Bourda81, M. Pawlak94,107, X. Peñalosa Esteller9, Antti Penttilä45, A. M. Piersimoni72, F.‐X. Pineau37, E. Plachy103,104,105, G. Plum3, E. Poggio51, E. Poretti108, L. Pulone109, A. Prša93, E. Racero110,32, S. Ragaini19, M. Rainer15, C. M. Raiteri51, Nicolas Rambaux30, P. Ramos9, P. Re Fiorentin51, S. Regibo73, C. Reylé47, V. Ripepi96, A. Riva51, G. Rixon7, N. Robichon3, M. Roelens23, L. Rohrbasser24, M. Romero-Gómez9, N. Rowell35, F. Royer3, K. Rybicki94, G. Sadowski14, L. Ruiz-Dern5, J. Sahlmann79, J. Salgado27, E. Salguero36, N. Samaras21, V. Sanchez Gimenez9, N. Sanna15, R. Santoveña54, M. Sarasso51, M. Schultheis6, ‬‬‬‬‬‬Eva Sciacca31, M. Segol86, José C. Segovia32, D. Ségransan23, D. Semeux80, S. Shahaf81, H. Siddiqui111, A. Siebert83,37, L. Siltala45, E. Slezak6, R. L. Smart51, E. Solano112, D. Souami92,113, J. Souchay28, A. Spagna51, F. Spoto63, I. A. Steele99, H. Steidelmüller10, Charles Stephenson27, M. Süveges24,114,17, L. Szabados104, E. Szegedi-Elek104, F. Taris28, G. Tauran53, Mark Taylor115, R. Teixeira74, W. Thuillot30, N. Tonello55, J. Torra20, C. Turon3, N. Unger23, M. Vaillant53, E. van Dillen86, A. Yoldas3, A. Vecchiato51, Kim A. Venn3, D. Vicente55, M. Weiler35, T. Wevers7, Ł. Wyrzykowski94, P. Yvard86, H. Zhao6, J. Zorec116, S. Zucker117, T. Zwitter118
1Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands
2European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
3GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
4Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
5Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum f u¨r Astronomie der Universit a¨t Heidelberg, M o¨nchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
6Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
7Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
8Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
9Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
10Lohrmann Observatory, Technische Universit a¨t Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany
11European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
12CNES, Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
13F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d’Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
14Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
15INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 555 Firenze, Italy
16Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
17Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K o¨nigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
18Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
19INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
20DAPCOM for Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
21Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
22ALTEC S.p.a, Corso Marche, 79, 10146 Torino, Italy
23Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
24Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
25Sednai Sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland
26Gaia DPAC Project Office, ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
27Telespazio Vega UK Ltd for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
28SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014, Paris, France
29National Observatoryof Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
30IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
31INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
32Serco Gestión de Negocios forEuropean Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
33CRAAG – Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Route de l’Observatoire Bp 63 Bouzareah 16340 Algiers, Algeria
34Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
35Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
36ATG Europe for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
37Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 11 ruede l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
38Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, USA
39Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 15783 Athens, Greece
40Observational Astrophysics, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
41Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
42Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
43INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
44Space Science Data Center – ASI, Via del Politecnico SNC, 00133 Roma, Italy
45Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
46Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
47Institut UTINAM CNRS UMR6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, OSU THETA Franche-Comté Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP1615, 25010 Besançon Cedex, France
48STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
49HE Space Operations BV for European Space Agency (ESA), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
50Departmento de Inteligencia Artificial, UNED, c/ Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain
51INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
52Applied Physics Department, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
53Thales Services for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
54CITIC – Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
55Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, c/ Jordi Girona 29, Ed. Nexus II, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
56University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics, T u¨rkenschanzstraße 17, A1180 Vienna, Austria
57Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
58CENTRA, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
59School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
60Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, USA
61GSFC – Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 698, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, 20771 MD Greenbelt, USA
62EURIX S.r.l., Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 61, 10128 Torino, Italy
63Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., MS 15, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
64HE Space Operations BV for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
65CAUP – Centro de Astrofisica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, Porto, Portugal
66SISSA (Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
67Telespazio for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
68University of Turin, Department of Computer Sciences, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149 Torino, Italy
69Departmento de Matemática Aplicada y Ciencias de la Computación, Univ. de Cantabria, ETS Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
70Vera C Rubin Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
71Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK
72INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo, Via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy
73Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
74Instituto de Astronomia, Geofìsica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitaria, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
75Mésocentre de calcul de Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
76Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
77SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
78Theoretical Astrophysics, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
79RHEA for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
80ATOS for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
81School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
82Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
83Centre de Données Astronomique de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
84Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Géoazur, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
85Max-Planck-Institut f u¨r Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
86APAVE SUDEUROPE SAS for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
87Onboard Space Systems, Luleå University of Technology, Box 848, 981 28 Kiruna, Sweden
88Department of Astrophysics, University of La Laguna, Via Láctea s/n, 38200 La Laguna S.C., Tenerife, Spain
89IAC – Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Via Láctea s/n, 38200 La Laguna S.C., Tenerife, Spain
90Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100, Lund, Sweden
91Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, CNRS Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC72, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
92LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
93Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Villanova University, 800 E Lancaster Avenue, Villanova PA 19085, USA
94Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
95Université Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000 Rennes, France
96INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 857 Napoli, Italy
97Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
98Las Cumbres Observatory, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
99Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
100IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
101Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, M/S 169-327, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
102IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
103Institute of Physics, ELTE E o¨tv o¨s Loránd University, 1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1A, Budapest, Hungary
104Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
105MTA CSFK Lend u¨let Near-Field Cosmology Research Group, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15–17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
106Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
107Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
108INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
109AKKA for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
110Departmento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
111Department of Astrophysical Sciences, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
112Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESA-ESAC. Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
113naXys, University of Namur, Rempart de la Vierge, 5000 Namur, Belgium
114EPFL – Ecole Polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Mathematics, Station 8 EPFL SB MATH SDS, Lausanne, Switzerland
115H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
116Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis bd. Arago, 75014 Paris, France
117Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
118Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC72, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France

Tóm tắt

Context.We present the early installment of the thirdGaiadata release,GaiaEDR3, consisting of astrometry and photometry for 1.8 billion sources brighter than magnitude 21, complemented with the list of radial velocities fromGaiaDR2.Aims.A summary of the contents ofGaiaEDR3 is presented, accompanied by a discussion on the differences with respect toGaiaDR2 and an overview of the main limitations which are present in the survey. Recommendations are made on the responsible use ofGaiaEDR3 results.Methods.The raw data collected with theGaiainstruments during the first 34 months of the mission have been processed by theGaiaData Processing and Analysis Consortium and turned into this early third data release, which represents a major advance with respect toGaiaDR2 in terms of astrometric and photometric precision, accuracy, and homogeneity.Results. GaiaEDR3 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness inGfor approximately 1.8 billion sources. For 1.5 billion of those sources, parallaxes, proper motions, and the (GBP−GRP) colour are also available. The passbands forG,GBP, andGRPare provided as part of the release. For ease of use, the 7 million radial velocities fromGaiaDR2 are included in this release, after the removal of a small number of spurious values. New radial velocities will appear as part ofGaiaDR3. Finally,GaiaEDR3 represents an updated materialisation of the celestial reference frame (CRF) in the optical, theGaia-CRF3, which is based solely on extragalactic sources. The creation of the source list forGaiaEDR3 includes enhancements that make it more robust with respect to high proper motion stars, and the disturbing effects of spurious and partially resolved sources. The source list is largely the same as that forGaiaDR2, but it does feature new sources and there are some notable changes. The source list will not change forGaiaDR3.Conclusions. GaiaEDR3 represents a significant advance overGaiaDR2, with parallax precisions increased by 30 per cent, proper motion precisions increased by a factor of 2, and the systematic errors in the astrometry suppressed by 30–40% for the parallaxes and by a factor ~2.5 for the proper motions. The photometry also features increased precision, but above all much better homogeneity across colour, magnitude, and celestial position. A single passband forG,GBP, andGRPis valid over the entire magnitude and colour range, with no systematics above the 1% level

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Astronomy and Astrophysics

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