“Without my medication, I'm a wreck”: Photo-elicitation to explore medication use among people experiencing homelessness

1988 O'Connell, 2005, 19 Montgomery, 2016, Homelessness, unsheltered status, and risk factors for mortality: findings from the 100 000 homes campaign, Publ Health Rep, 131, 765, 10.1177/0033354916667501 Fazel, 2014, The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations, Lancet, 384, 1529, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61132-6 Cassone, 2012, Prevalence of tuberculosis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in homeless people: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Pathog Glob Health, 106, 377, 10.1179/2047772412Z.00000000086 Spence, 2004, Cognitive dysfunction in homeless adults: a systematic review, J R Soc Med, 97, 375, 10.1177/014107680409700804 Brown, 2019, Trajectories of functional impairment in homeless older adults: results from the HOPE HOME study, PloS One, 14, 10.1371/journal.pone.0221020 Osterberg, 2005, Adherence to medication, N Engl J Med, 353, 487, 10.1056/NEJMra050100 Kleinsinger, 2018, The unmet challenge of medication nonadherence, Perm J, 22, 18, 10.7812/TPP/18-033 Brown, 2011, Medication adherence: WHO cares?, Mayo Clin Proc, 86, 304, 10.4065/mcp.2010.0575 Hansen, 2009, Comparison of methods to assess medication adherence and classify nonadherence, Ann Pharmacother, 43, 413, 10.1345/aph.1L496 Coe, 2015, Medication adherence challenges among patients experiencing homelessness in a behavioral health clinic, Res Soc Adm Pharm, 11, e110, 10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.11.004 Kidder, 2007, Health status, health care use, medication use, and medication adherence among homeless and housed people living with HIV/AIDS, Am J Public Health, 97, 2238, 10.2105/AJPH.2006.090209 Hunter, 2015, Barriers to prescription medication adherence among homeless and vulnerably housed adults in three Canadian cities, J Prim Care Community Health, 6, 154, 10.1177/2150131914560610 Bubalo, 2010, Medication adherence: pharmacist perspective, J Am Pharm Assoc (2003), 50, 394, 10.1331/JAPhA.2010.08180 Unni, 2014, Medication non-adherence in the homeless population in an Intermountain West city, Innov Pharm, 5, 10.24926/iip.v5i2.342 Royal, 2009, Factors associated with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in homeless or unstably housed adults living with HIV, AIDS Care, 21, 448, 10.1080/09540120802270250 Rabiner, 2012, Health care for the homeless and unstably housed: overcoming barriers, Mt Sinai J Med, 79, 586, 10.1002/msj.21339 Budnitz, 2011, Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans, N Engl J Med, 365, 2002, 10.1056/NEJMsa1103053 Aspden, 2007 Law, 2003, Unmet needs in the medication use process: perceptions of physicians, pharmacists, and patients, J Am Pharm Assoc (2003), 43, 394, 10.1331/154434503321831111 Thurman W, Semwal M, Moczygemba LR, Hilbelink M. “It gave me a little more freedom." Smartphone technology to empower people experiencing homelessness: a qualitative investigation. J Med Internet Res (In press). doi:10.2196/27787. Catalani, 2010, Photovoice: a review of the literature in health and public health, Health Educ Behav, 37, 424, 10.1177/1090198109342084 Harper, 2002, Talking about pictures: a case for photo elicitation, Vis Stud, 17, 13, 10.1080/14725860220137345 Fritz, 2014, “I see it now”: using photo elicitation to understand chronic illness self-management, Can J Occup Ther, 81, 247, 10.1177/0008417414540517 Guillemin, 2010, Questions of process in participant-generated visual methodologies, Vis Stud, 25, 175, 10.1080/1472586X.2010.502676 Oliffe, 2007, Further than the eye can see? Photo elicitation and research with men, Qual Health Res, 17, 850, 10.1177/1049732306298756 Pain, 2012, A literature review to evaluate the choice and use of visual methods, Int J Qual Methods, 11, 303, 10.1177/160940691201100401 Rhodes, 2006, Visual data in addictions research: seeing comes before words?, Addiction Res Theor, 14, 349, 10.1080/16066350600826180 Wang, 1999, Photovoice: a participatory action research strategy applied to women's health, J Womens Health, 8, 49, 10.1089/jwh.1999.8.185 Jette, 2006, Toward a common language for function, disability, and health, Phys Ther, 86, 726, 10.1093/ptj/86.5.726 Ewing, 1984, Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire, J Am Med Assoc, 252, 1905, 10.1001/jama.1984.03350140051025 Smith, 2010, A single-question screening test for drug use in primary care, Arch Intern Med, 170, 1155, 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.140 Chew, 2004, Brief questions to identify patients with inadequate health literacy, Fam Med, 36, 588 Haun, 2012, Measurement variation across health literacy assessments: implications for assessment selection in research and practice, J Health Commun, 17, 141, 10.1080/10810730.2012.712615 Matza, 2009, Derivation and validation of the ASK-12 adherence barrier survey, Ann Pharmacother, 43, 1621, 10.1345/aph.1M174 Moser, 2012, The eight-item modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey: psychometric evaluation showed excellent performance, J Clin Epidemiol, 65, 1107, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.007 Andresen, 1994, Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), Am J Prev Med, 10, 77, 10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30622-6 Thorne, 2016 2018 2020 Katon, 2002, Impact of major depression on chronic medical illness, J Psychosom Res, 53, 859, 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00313-6 Turvey, 2009, A longitudinal community-based study of chronic illness, cognitive and physical function, and depression, Am J Geriatr Psychiatr, 17, 632, 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31819c498c Davis-Berman, 2016, Negotiating the service system: professionals and patients talk about healthcare for the homeless in a Midwestern City in the U.S, Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 25, 19, 10.1080/10530789.2015.1116838 Mohammed, 2016, Medication-related burden and patients' lived experience with medicine: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies, BMJ Open, 6, 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010035 Paudyal, 2017, “When you are homeless, you are not thinking about your medication, but your food, shelter or heat for the night”: behavioural determinants of homeless patients' adherence to prescribed medicines, Publ Health, 148, 1, 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.03.002 Tsai, 2013, Directly observed antidepressant medication treatment and HIV outcomes among homeless and marginally housed HIV-positive adults: a randomized controlled trial, Am J Public Health, 103, 308, 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300422 Nyamathi, 2021, Effect of a nurse-led community health worker intervention on latent tuberculosis medication completion among homeless adults, Nurs Res, 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000545 Townsend, 2003, Managing multiple morbidity in mid-life: a qualitative study of attitudes to drug use, BMJ, 327, 837, 10.1136/bmj.327.7419.837 Kneck, 2021, “Stripped of dignity” – women in homelessness and their perspectives of healthcare services: a qualitative study, Int J Nurs Stud, 120 Pendyal, 2021, “When you’re homeless, they look down on you”: a qualitative, community-based study of homeless individuals with heart failure, Heart Lung, 50, 80, 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.001 Weisz, 2018, Stigmatized identities, psychological distress, and physical health: intersections of homelessness and race, Stigma Health, 3, 229, 10.1037/sah0000093 Paudyal, 2019, Perceived roles and barriers in caring for the people who are homeless: a survey of UK community pharmacists, Int J Clin Pharm, 41, 215, 10.1007/s11096-019-00789-4 White, 2015, Access to primary care services among the homeless: a synthesis of the literature using the equity of access to medical care framework, J Prim Care Community Health, 6, 77, 10.1177/2150131914556122 Kertesz, 2013, Comparing homeless persons' care experiences in tailored versus nontailored primary care programs, Am J Public Health, 103, S331, 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301481 Hopper, 2010, Shelter from the storm: trauma-informed care in homelessness services settings, Open Health Serv Pol J, 3, 80 Green, 2015, Trauma-informed medical care: a cme communication training for primary care providers, Fam Med, 47, 7, 10.22454/FamMed.2022.197486 Kirk, 1986