“Chúng Tôi Không Đẩy Ra Các Gia Đình”: Hỗ Trợ Các Gia Đình Người Nhập Cư Có Trẻ Nhỏ Trong và Sau Đại Dịch COVID-19

Journal of Human Rights and Social Work - Tập 8 - Trang 348-358 - 2023
Carolina Villamil Grest1, Megan Finno-Velasquez2, Anayeli Lopez2, Sophia Sepp2
1School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
2School of Social Work, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA

Tóm tắt

Các chính sách nhập cư định hình quyền tiếp cận dịch vụ và liên quan đến sức khỏe của gia đình người nhập cư. Do sự gia tăng của các gia đình người nhập cư, cần có một chuyển biến sang các giải pháp địa phương nhằm thúc đẩy quyền tiếp cận công bằng đến dịch vụ để cải thiện sức khỏe của người nhập cư. Được thông báo bởi dữ liệu định tính thu thập từ 23 bên liên quan chính thuộc các tổ chức và cơ quan chính phủ, nghiên cứu này xem xét phản ứng của cộng đồng đối với nhu cầu của các gia đình người nhập cư dọc biên giới Mỹ-Mexico trong thời gian COVID-19. Các người tham gia mô tả hai chủ đề chính: (1) nhiều thử thách gia tăng do COVID-19 và (2) các chiến lược sáng tạo để đáp ứng nhu cầu dịch vụ tăng cao trong các gia đình người nhập cư. Kết quả thúc đẩy các chiến lược ứng phó COVID-19: (1) tổ chức cộng đồng và quyền tự chủ, (2) sự tham gia của người nhập cư vào các hoạt động của cơ quan cộng đồng, (3) phát triển các đối tác cộng đồng tập trung vào người nhập cư, và (4) lợi ích của các chính sách tạm trú địa phương. Các phát hiện gợi ý rằng các giải pháp cấp địa phương, bao gồm tiếng nói của cộng đồng người nhập cư, có thể làm giảm các rào cản cấu trúc và đảm bảo quyền tiếp cận công bằng đến các dịch vụ giải quyết nhu cầu sức khỏe và xã hội của các gia đình người nhập cư.

Từ khóa

#chính sách nhập cư #gia đình người nhập cư #sức khỏe cộng đồng #COVID-19 #dịch vụ xã hội #giải pháp địa phương

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abbott, A. (2004). Methods of discovery: Heuristics for the social sciences. Norton. Adair, J. K., Tobin, J., & Arzubiaga, A. E. (2012). The dilemma of cultural responsiveness and professionalization: Listening closer to immigrant teachers who teach children of recent immigrants. Teachers College Record, 114(12). American Civil Liberties Union. (n.d.). Privacy at borders and checkpoints. https://www.aclu.org/issues/privacy-technology/privacy-borders-and-checkpoints American Immigration Council. (2020, August 6). Immigrants in New Mexico. https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrants-in-new-mexico Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2020). Kids count data book. https://www.aecf.org/resources/2020-kids-count-data-book Anthony, D. (2020). The US border patrol’s constitutional erosion in the “100-mile zone”. Penn State Law Review, 124(2), 3. https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/pslr/vol124/iss2/3 Batalova, J., Hanna, M., Levesque, C. (2021). Frequently requested statistics on immigrants and immigration in the U.S. Migration Policy Institute. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#children-immigrants Beck, K., & Shklyan, K. (2021). Civic engagement, legal status, and the context of reception: Participation in voluntary associations among undocumented immigrants in California. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 7, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231211005214 Branham, D., Sr. (2015). The influence of seclusion: Immigration and border security attitudes of registered voters living behind the interior border patrol checkpoints in the state of Texas. The Midsouth Political Science Review, 16, 1–24. Capps, R., Gelatt, J., Soto, A. G. R., & Van Hook, J. (2020). Unauthorized immigrants in the United States: Stable numbers, changing origins. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-unauthorized-immigrants-stablenumbers-changingorigins_final.pdf Center on Law and Social Policy. (2021, February 27). House-passed American rescue plan will help people with low incomes & children; senate must follow [Press release]. https://www.clasp.org/press-room/press-releases/house-passed-american-rescue-plan-will-help-people-low-incomes-children Child Trends. (2018). Immigrant children. https://www.childtrends.org/indicators/immigrant-children Chishti, M., & Bolter, J. (2020). Vulnerable to COVID-19 and in frontline jobs, immigrants are mostly shut out of U.S. relief. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/covid19-immigrants-shut-out-federal-relief Crawford, E. R. (2017). The ethic of community and incorporating undocumented immigrant concerns into ethical school leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 53(2), 147–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X16687005 Crawford, E. R., & Arnold, N. W. (2016). Exploring the meaning and paths of advocacy for undocumented students’ access to education. Journal of Latinos and Education, 15(3), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2015.1131691 De Trinidad Young, M., & Wallace, S. (2021). A window of opportunity is opening to improve immigrant health: A research and practice agenda. American Journal of Public Health, 111(3), 398–401. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306128 Derr, A. S. (2016). Mental health service use among immigrants in the United States: A systematic review. Psychiatric Services, 67(3), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500004 Dreyer, B. P. (2019). Safety net policies, child poverty, and development across the lifespan. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 337–357. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084855 Friedman, A. S., & Venkataramani, A. S. (2021). Chilling Effects: US immigration enforcement and health care seeking among Hispanic adults. Health Affairs, 40(7), 1056–1065. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.02356 Fuentes-Afflick, E., Perrin, J. M., Moley, K. H., Díaz, Á., McCormick, M. C., & Lu, M. C. (2021). Optimizing health and well-being for women and children: Commentary highlights interventions and recommends key improvements in programs and policies to optimize health and well-being among women and children in the United States. Health Affairs, 40(2), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01504 Gelatt, J., Koball, H., & Pedroza, J. M. (2014). California’s implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Urban Institute. http://webarchive.urban.org/UploadedPDF/2000015-Californias-Implementation-of-the-Affordable-Care-Act.pdf Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1999). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge. Greenberg, E., Rosenboom, V., & Adams, G. (2019). Preparing the future workforce: Early care and education participation among children of immigrants. Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/100011/preparing_the_future_workforce_0.pdf Haley, J. M., Kenney, G. M., Bernstein, H., & Gonzalez, D. (2020). One in five adults in immigrant families with children reported chilling effects on public benefit receipt in 2019. Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/one-five-adults-immigrant-families-children-reported-chilling-effects-public-benefit-receipt-2019 Haley, J. M., Kenney, G. M., Bernstein, H., & Gonzalez, D. (2021). Many immigrant families with children continued to avoid public benefits in 2020, despite facing hardships. Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/104279/many-immigrant-families-with-children-continued-avoiding-benefits-despite-hardships_0.pdf Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage. Lou, C., Bernstein, H., Greenberg, E., Hanson, D., Adams, G., & Fortuny, K. (2021). Visualizing trends for children of immigrants. Urban Institute. http://apps.urban.org/features/children-of-immigrants/ Misra, T. (2018, May 14). Inside the massive U.S. border zone. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-14/mapping-who-lives-in-border-patrol-s-100-mile-zone Moya Salas, L., Ayon, C., & Gurrola, M. (2013). Estamos traumados: The effect of anti-immigrant sentiment and policies on the mental health of Mexican immigrant families. Journal of Community Psychology, 41(8), 1005–1020. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21589 O'Mara-Eves, A., Brunton, G., McDaid, G., Oliver, S., Kavanagh, J., Jamal, F., & Thomas, J. (2013). Community engagement to reduce inequalities in health: A systematic review, meta-analysis and economic analysis. Public Health Research, 1(4), 1–548. https://doi.org/10.3310/phr01040 Ortiz, R., Farrell-Bryan, D., Gutierrez, G., Boen, C., Tam, V., Yun, K., & Montoya-Williams, D. (2021). A content analysis of US sanctuary immigration policies: Implications for research in social determinants of health: Study examines US sanctuary immigration policies and implications for social determinants of health research. Health Affairs, 40(7), 1145–1153. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00097 Padgett, D. (2008). Qualitative methods in social work research. (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. Page, K. R., & Polk, S. (2017). Chilling effect? Post-election health care use by undocumented and mixed-status families. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(12), e20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1700829 Pérez, A. R. (2020). Chilling effects and grumbling stomachs: The impact of public charge rule changes on nutrition-assistance access among children in immigrant families. Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy, 32, 48–54. Perreira, K. M., Crosnoe, R., Fortuny, K., Pedroza, J. M., Ulvestad, K., Weiland, C., Yoshikawa, H., & Chaudry, A. (2012). Barriers to immigrants’ access to health and human services programs. US Department of Health and Human Services. https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/private/pdf/76471/rb.pdf Perreira, K. M., & Pedroza, J. M. (2019). Policies of exclusion: Implications for the health of immigrants and their children. Annual Review of Public Health, 40, 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044115 Philbin, M. M., Flake, M., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Hirsch, J. S. (2018). State-level immigration and immigrant-focused policies as drivers of Latino health disparities in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 199, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.007 Rodriguez, M. A., Young, M.-E., & Wallace, S. P. (2015). Creating conditions to support healthy people: State policies that affect the health of undocumented immigrants and their families. University of California Global Health Institute. https://ucghi.universityofcalifornia.edu/sites/default/files/state-health-policies-towards-undocumented-immigrants.pdf Rojas-Flores, L., & Vaughn, J. M. (2019). Determinants of health and well-being for children of immigrants: Moving from evidence to action. Foundation for Child Development. https://www.fcd-us.org/determinants-of-health-and-well-being-for-children-of-immigrants/ Samari, G., Nagle, A., & Coleman-Minahan, K. (2021). Measuring structural xenophobia: US state immigration policy climates over ten years. SSM-Population Health, 16, 100938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100938 Seo, J. Y., Kuerban, A., Bae, S. H., & Strauss, S. M. (2019). Disparities in health care utilization between Asian immigrant women and non-Hispanic white women in the United States. Journal of Women’s Health, 28(10), 1368–1377. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7532 Suleman, S., Garber, K. D., & Rutkow, L. (2018). Xenophobia as a determinant of health: An integrative review. Journal of Public Health Policy, 39(4), 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-018-0140-1 Turin, T. C., Chowdhury, N., Haque, S., Rumana, N., Rahman, N., & Lasker, M. A. (2021). Meaningful and deep community engagement efforts for pragmatic research and beyond: Engaging with an immigrant/racialised community on equitable access to care. BMJ Global Health, 6(8), e006370. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-0006370 United Nations General Assembly. (1948). Universal declaration of human rights (217 [III] A). Paris. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights United Nations General Assembly. (1966). International covenant on economic, social and cultural rights (Treaty Series, vol. 993, p. 3). Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights U.S. Census Bureau. (2019a). American community survey 5-year estimate, Table B05009. https://data.census.gov/table?q=table+b05009&g=040XX00US35&tid=ACSDT5Y2019.B05009&hidePreview=true U.S. Census Bureau. (2019b). American community survey 5-year estimate, Table DP02. https://data.census.gov/table?q=table+dp02&g=050XX00US35029,35013_040XX00US35&tid=ACSDP5Y2019.DP02&hidePreview=true U.S. Census Bureau. (2019c). American community survey 1-year estimate, Table S1701. https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1701&g=050XX00US35013&d=ACS+1-Year+Estimates+Subject+Tables&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1701&hidePreview=true U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Colonias history. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/cdbg-colonias/colonias-history/#:~:text=Generally%2C%20HUD%20and%20USDA%20Rural,a%20combination%20of%20all%20three Venkataramani, A. S., Shah, S. J., O’Brien, R., Kawachi, I., & Tsai, A. C. (2017). Health consequences of the US Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) immigration programme: A quasi-experimental study. The Lancet Public Health, 2(4), e175–e181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30047-6 Viruell-Fuentes, E. (2007). Beyond acculturation: Immigration, discrimination, and health research among Mexicans in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 65(7), 1524–1535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.010 Viva Doña Ana. (2021). Colonia (community) master plan. https://www.vivadonaana.org/colonia.php#:~:text=Do%C3%B1a%20Ana%20County%20is%20home,infrastructure%20and%20other%20basic%20services