(S)training experiences: Toward understanding decreases in entrepreneurial self-efficacy during action-oriented entrepreneurship training

Abaho, 2015, Students ’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy: does the teaching method matter?, Educ. + Train., 57, 908, 10.1108/ET-02-2014-0008 Ahmed, 2020, Entrepreneurship education programmes: how learning, inspiration and resources affect intentions for new venture creation in a developing economy, Int. J. Manag. Educ., 18, 1, 10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100327 Aiken, 1991 Ajzen, 1991, The theory of planned behavior, Orgnizational Behav. Hum. Decis. Process., 50, 179, 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Anderson, 2018, Pathways to profits identifying separate channels of small firm growth through business training, Manage. Sci., Articles i, 1 Arenas, 2006, Effects of goal orientation, error orientation and self-efficacy on performance in an uncertain situation, Soc. Behav. Pers., 34, 569, 10.2224/sbp.2006.34.5.569 Athayde, 2009, Measuring enterprise potential in young people, Entrep. Theory Pract., 481, 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00300.x Athayde, 2012, The impact of enterprise education on attitudes to enterprise in young people: an evaluation study, Educ. Train., 54, 709, 10.1108/00400911211274846 Bae, 2014, The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: a meta-analytic review, Entrep. Theory Pract., 38, 217, 10.1111/etap.12095 Baldwin, 1988, Transfer of training: a review and directions for future research, Pers. Psychol., 41, 63, 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00632.x Bandura, 1977, Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change, Psychol. Rev., 84, 191, 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 Bandura, 1986 Bandura, 1989, Human agency in social cognitive theory, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 44, 1175 Bandura, 1991, Social cognitive theory of self-regulation, Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process., 50, 248, 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L Bandura, 1997 Bandura, 2012, On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited, J. Manage., 38, 9 Baumeister, 2001, Bad is stronger than good, Rev. Gen. Psychol., 5, 323, 10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323 Béchard, 2005, Entrepreneurship education research revisited: the case of higher education, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 4, 22, 10.5465/amle.2005.16132536 Bell, 2018, Applying enterprise: active learning environments for business Higher National Diploma students, J. Furth. High. Educ., 42, 649, 10.1080/0309877X.2017.1302567 Bell, 2008, Active learning: effects of Core training design elements on self-regulatory processes, learning, and adaptability, J. Appl. Psychol., 93, 296, 10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.296 Biraglia, 2017, The role of entrepreneurial passion and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions: insights from American homebrewers, J. Small Bus. Manag., 55, 170, 10.1111/jsbm.12242 Bledow, 2013, Demand-perception and self-motivation as opponent processes: a response to Bandura and Vancouver, J. Manage., 39, 14 Bledow, 2017, Learning from others’ failures: the effectiveness of failure stories for managerial learning, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 16, 39, 10.5465/amle.2014.0169 Bliese, 2000, Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability: implications for data aggregation and analysis, 349 Bliese, 2002, Growth modeling using random coefficient models: model building, testing, and illustrations, Organ. Res. Methods, 5, 362, 10.1177/109442802237116 Bolger, 2003, Diary methods: capturing life as it is lived, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 54, 579, 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145030 Bonesso, 2018, Students’ entrepreneurial intentions: the role of prior learning experiences and emotional, social, and cognitive competencies, J. Small Bus. Manag., 56, 215, 10.1111/jsbm.12399 Campos, 2017, Teaching personal initiative beats traditional training in boosting small business in West Africa, Science (80-. ), 357, 1287, 10.1126/science.aan5329 Carter, 2010, The effectiveness of error management training with working-aged adults, Pers. Psychol., 63, 641, 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01183.x Chang, 2013, Assessing students’ entrepreneurial skills development in live projects, J. Small Bus. Enterp. Dev., 20, 225, 10.1108/14626001311298501 Chen, 1998, Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?, J. Bus. Ventur., 13, 295, 10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3 Chiou, 2007, The dynamic change of self-efficacy in information searching on the internet: influence of valence of experience and prior self-efficacy, J. Psychol. Interdiscip. Appl., 141, 589, 10.3200/JRLP.141.6.589-604 Davidsson, 2003, The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs, J. Bus. Ventur., 18, 301, 10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6 Diefendorff, 2000, Action-state orientation: construct validity of a revised measure and its relationship to work-related variables, J. Appl. Psychol., 85, 250, 10.1037/0021-9010.85.2.250 Dimitrova, 2015, Don’t fuss, focus: the mediating effect of on-task thoughts on the relationship between error approach instructions and task performance, Appl. Psychol., 64, 599, 10.1111/apps.12029 Dimitrova, 2017, Behind the wheel: what drives the effects of error handling, J. Soc. Psychol., 157, 658, 10.1080/00224545.2016.1270891 Dormann, 1994, Error training: replication and the function of exploratory behavior, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact., 6, 365, 10.1080/10447319409526101 Drexler, 2014, Keeping it simple: financial literacy and rules of thumb, Am. Econ. J. Appl. Econ., 6, 1, 10.1257/app.6.2.1 Dweck, 1988, A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality, Psychol. Rev., 95, 256, 10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256 van Dyck, 2005, Organizational error management culture and its impact on performance: a two-study replication, J. Appl. Psychol., 90, 1228, 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1228 Edmondson, 2004, Learning from failure in health care: frequent opportunities, pervasive barriers, Qual. Saf. Heal. Care, 13, 3 Elert, 2015, The impact of entrepreneurship education in high school on long-term entrepreneurial performance, J. Econ. Behav., 111, 209, 10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.020 Eller, 2022, Adjusting the sails: investigating the feedback loop of the opportunity development process in entrepreneurship training, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 21, 209, 10.5465/amle.2020.0041 Enders, 2007, Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: a new look at an old issue, Psychol. Methods, 12, 121, 10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.121 Farnese, 2020, Error orientation at work: dimensionality and relationships with errors and organizational cultural factors, Curr. Psychol. Fayolle, 2013, Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education, Entrep. Reg. Dev., 25, 692, 10.1080/08985626.2013.821318 Fayolle, 2015, The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: hysteresis and persistence, J. Small Bus. Manag., 53, 75, 10.1111/jsbm.12065 Fayolle, 2006, Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology, J. Eur. Ind. Train., 30, 701, 10.1108/03090590610715022 Fischer, 2018, The role of error management culture for firm and individual innovativeness, Appl. Psychol., 67, 428, 10.1111/apps.12129 Forbes, 2005, The effects of strategic decision making on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, Entrep. Theory Pract., 29, 599, 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00100.x Ford, 2018, Transfer of training: the known and the unknown, Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav, 5, 201, 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104443 Frese, 2020, An action theory (AT) approach to the psychology of entrepreneurial actions and entrepreneurial success Frese, 2015, Action errors, error management, and learning in organizations, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 66, 661, 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015205 Frese, 1994, Action as the core of work psychology, 271 Frese, 2016, Psychological training for entrepreneurs to take action: contributing to poverty reduction in developing countries, Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci., 25, 196, 10.1177/0963721416636957 Fretschner, 2019, Detecting hidden sorting and alignment effects of entrepreneurship education, J. Small Bus. Manag., 57, 1712, 10.1111/jsbm.12448 Friedrich, 2006, Does training improve the business performance of small-scale entrepreneurs?: an evaluative study, Ind. High. Educ., 20, 75, 10.5367/000000006777699847 Funken, 2020, How can problems be turned into something good? The role of entrepreneurial learning and error mastery orientation, Entrep. Theory Pract., 44, 315, 10.1177/1042258718801600 Gielnik, 2015, Action and action-regulation in entrepreneurship: evaluating a student training for promoting entrepreneurship, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 14, 69, 10.5465/amle.2012.0107 Gielnik, 2017, Boosting and sustaining passion: a long-term perspective on the effects of entrepreneurship training, J. Bus. Ventur., 32, 334, 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.02.003 Gielnik, 2020, A dynamic account of self-efficacy in entrepreneurship, J. Appl. Psychol., 5, 487, 10.1037/apl0000451 Glaub, 2014, Increasing personal initiative in small business managers or owners leads to entrepreneurial success: a theory-based controlled randomized field intervention for evidence-based management, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 13, 354, 10.5465/amle.2013.0234 Gollwitzer, 1999, Implementation intentions, Am. Psychol., 54, 493, 10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.493 González-López, 2019, Clearing the hurdles in the entrepreneurial race: the role of resilience in entrepreneurship education, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 18, 457, 10.5465/amle.2016.0377 Gottman, 1972, Self-monitoring effects in a program for potential high school dropouts: a time-series analysis, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 39, 273, 10.1037/h0033437 von Graevenitz, 2010, The effects of entrepreneurship education, J. Econ. Behav. Organ., 76, 90, 10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02.015 Hägg, 2020, A systematic literature review of the evolution of pedagogy in entrepreneurial education research, Int. J. Entrep. Behav. Res., 26, 829, 10.1108/IJEBR-04-2018-0272 Hahn, 2017, Entrepreneurial education and learning at universities: exploring multilevel contingencies, Entrep. Reg. Dev., 29, 945, 10.1080/08985626.2017.1376542 Haneberg, 2020, Learning from venture creation in higher education, Ind. High. Educ., 34, 121, 10.1177/0950422219884020 Hardy, 2014, Dynamics in the self-efficacy-performance relationship following failure, Pers. Individ. Dif., 71, 151, 10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.034 Heimbeck, 2003, Integrating errors into the training process: the function of error management instructions and the role of goal orientation, Pers. Psychol., 56, 333, 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00153.x Hockerts, 2018, The effect of experiential social entrepreneurship education on intention formation in students, J. Soc. Entrep., 9, 234 Honig, 2004, Entrepreneurship education: toward a model of contingency-based business planning, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 3, 258, 10.5465/amle.2004.14242112 Huber, 2014, The effect of early entrepreneurship education: evidence from a field experiment, Eur. Econ. Rev., 72, 76, 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2014.09.002 Ismail, 2018, Entrepreneurship education pedagogy : teacher-student-centred paradox, Educ. + Train., 60, 168, 10.1108/ET-07-2017-0106 Järvi, 2015, Production of entrepreneurship in small business activities of students, J. Small Bus. Enterp. Dev., 22, 180, 10.1108/JSBED-02-2012-0023 Jin, 2017, Entrepreneurial team composition characteristics and new venture performance: a meta-analysis, Entrep. Theory Pract., 41, 743, 10.1111/etap.12232 Kassean, 2015, Entrepreneurship education: a need for reflection, real-world experience and action, Int. J. Entrep. Behav. Res., 21, 690, 10.1108/IJEBR-07-2014-0123 Keith, 2005, Self-regulation in error management training: emotion control and metacognition as mediators of performance effects, J. Appl. Psychol., 90, 677, 10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.677 Keith, 2008, Effectiveness of error management training: a meta-analysis, J. Appl. Psychol., 93, 59, 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.59 Kennedy, 1992, Accommodating outliers and nonlinearity in decision models, J. Accounting Audit. Financ., 7, 161, 10.1177/0148558X9200700205 Kraiger, 2021, The science of workplace instruction: learning and development applied to work, Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 8, 45, 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-060109 Kraiger, 1993, Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation, J. Appl. Psychol., 78, 311, 10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.311 Krauss, 2005, Entrepreneurial orientation: a psychological model of success among southern African small business owners, Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol., 14, 315, 10.1080/13594320500170227 Kuhl, 1994, A theory of action and state orientations, 9 Liñán, 2015, A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda, Int. Entrep. Manag. J., 11, 907, 10.1007/s11365-015-0356-5 Liu, 1996, Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection, Cell, 86, 367, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80110-5 Loh, 2013, The moderating effect of individual differences in error-management training: who learns from mistakes?, Hum. Factors, 55, 435, 10.1177/0018720812451856 Lord, 2010, Self-regulation at work, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 61, 543, 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100314 Lyons, 2018, Who does (not) benefit from entrepreneurship programs?, Strateg. Manag. J., 39, 85, 10.1002/smj.2704 MacKinnon, 2004, Confidence limits for the indirect effect: distribution of the product and resampling methods, Multivariate Behav. Res., 39, 99, 10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4 Martin, 2013, Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: a meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes, J. Bus. Ventur., 28, 211, 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.002 Matthews, 2022, Normalizing the use of single-item measures: validation of the single-item compendium for organizational psychology McGee, 2009, Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: refining the measure, Entrep. Theory Pract., 33, 965, 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00304.x Mukesh, 2020, Action-embedded pedagogy in entrepreneurship education: an experimental enquiry, Stud. High. Educ., 45, 1679, 10.1080/03075079.2019.1599848 Nabi, 2017, The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: a systematic review and research agenda, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 16, 277, 10.5465/amle.2015.0026 Nabi, 2018, Does entrepreneurship education in the first year of higher education develop entrepreneurial intentions? The role of learning and inspiration, Stud. High. Educ., 43, 452, 10.1080/03075079.2016.1177716 Neal, 2017, Dynamic self-regulation and multiple-goal pursuit, Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 4, 401, 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113156 Neck, 2014 Newman, 2019, Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: a systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research, J. Vocat. Behav., 110, 403, 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012 Nowiński, 2019, The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries, Stud. High. Educ., 44, 361, 10.1080/03075079.2017.1365359 Oosterbeek, 2010, The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation, Eur. Econ. Rev., 54, 442, 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002 Peng, 2015, When confidence comes and goes: how variation in self-efficacy moderates stressor-strain relationships, J. Occup. Health Psychol., 20, 359, 10.1037/a0038588 Piperopoulos, 2015, Burst bubbles or build steam? Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions, J. Small Bus. Manag., 53, 970, 10.1111/jsbm.12116 Pittaway, 2007, Entrepreneurship education: a systematic review of the evidence, Int. Small Bus. J., 25, 479, 10.1177/0266242607080656 Pittaway, 2007, Simulating entrepreneurial learning: integrating experiential and collaborative approaches to learning, Manag. Learn., 38, 211, 10.1177/1350507607075776 Ployhart, 2010, Longitudinal research: the theory, design, and analysis of change, J. Manage., 36, 94 Politis, 2005, The process of entrepreneurial learning: a conceptual framework, Entrep. Theory Pract., 29, 399, 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00091.x Preacher, 2006, Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis, J. Educ. Behav. Stat., 31, 437, 10.3102/10769986031004437 Rasmussen, 2006, Action-based entrepreneurship education, Technovation, 26, 185, 10.1016/j.technovation.2005.06.012 Rideout, 2013, Does entrepreneurship education really work? A review and methodological critique of the empirical literature on the effects of university-based entrepreneurship education, J. Small Bus. Manag., 51, 329, 10.1111/jsbm.12021 Robinson, 2016, New horizons in entrepreneurship: from teacher-led to student-centered learning, Educ. Train., 58, 661, 10.1108/ET-03-2016-0048 Rybowiak, 1999, Equivalence error orientation questionnaire (EOQ): reliability, validity, and different language equivalence, J. Organ. Behav., 20, 527, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199907)20:4<527::AID-JOB886>3.0.CO;2-G Sansone, 2021, Academic spinoffs: the role of entrepreneurship education, Int. Entrep. Manag. J., 17, 369, 10.1007/s11365-019-00601-9 Schlaegel, 2014, Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: a meta-analytic test and integration of competing models, Entrep. Theory Pract., 38, 291, 10.1111/etap.12087 Selig, 2008 Seo, 2009, The role of self-efficacy, goal, and affect in dynamic motivational self-regulation, Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process., 109, 120, 10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.03.001 Sevincer, 2015, Future thought and the self-regulation of energization, 315 Sitzmann, 2013, A meta-analytic investigation of the within-person self-efficacy domain: is self-efficacy a product of past performance or a driver of future performance?, Pers. Psychol., 66, 531, 10.1111/peps.12035 Tein, 2004, How did it work? Who did it work for? Mediation in the context of a moderated prevention effect for children of divorce, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 72, 617, 10.1037/0022-006X.72.4.617 Thomsen, 2021, Backpack bootstrapping: social entrepreneurship education through experiential learning backpack bootstrapping: social entrepreneurship education through experiential learning, J. Soc. Entrep., 12, 238 Van Dyck, 2010, Proximal antecedents and correlates of adopted error approach: a self-regulatory perspective, J. Soc. Psychol., 150, 428, 10.1080/00224540903366743 Van Gelderen, 2005, Learning opportunities and learning behaviours of small business starters: relations with goal achievement, skill development and satisfaction, Small Bus. Econ., 25, 97, 10.1007/s11187-005-4260-1 Vancouver, 2002, Two studies examining the negative effect of self-efficacy on performance, J. Appl. Psychol., 87, 506, 10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.506 Varamäki, 2015, The development of entrepreneurial potential among higher education students, J. Small Bus. Enterp. Dev., 22, 563, 10.1108/JSBED-02-2012-0027 Volery, 2013, The impact of entrepreneurship education on human capital at upper - secondary level, J. Small Bus. Manag., 51, 429, 10.1111/jsbm.12020 Walter, 2012, Why mode and regional context matter for entrepreneurship education, Entrep. Reg. Dev., 24, 807, 10.1080/08985626.2012.721009 Weers, 2021, Entrepreneurship training and transfer, 282 Wei, 2016, Error orientation and entrepreneurial decision making in Chinese enterprises: opportunity identification as mediator, Soc. Behav. Pers., 44, 555, 10.2224/sbp.2016.44.4.555 Wood, 1989, Social cognitive theory of organizational management, Acad. Manag. Rev., 14, 364, 10.2307/258173 Yamakawa, 2015, Rising from the ashes: cognitive determinants, Entrep. Theory Pract., 39, 209, 10.1111/etap.12047 Zacher, 2018, Action regulation theory: foundations, current knowledge, and future directions, 122 Zellweger, 2011, Should I stay or should I go? Career choice intentions of students with family business background, J. Bus. Ventur., 26, 521, 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.04.001 Zhao, 2005, The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions, J. Appl. Psychol., 90, 1265, 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1265