“Thành tích” và “đứng trên” trong việc tuyển sinh vào một trường đại học elite: Phân tích chính trị-tổ chức

Sociological Forum - Tập 6 - Trang 349-380 - 1991
David Karen1
1Department of Sociology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr

Tóm tắt

Các nhà nghiên cứu thường hiểu quyền truy cập vào các vị trí ưu tú trong cấu trúc xã hội, hoặc là theo cách tiếp cận cấu trúc-chức năng tập trung vào khả năng, hoặc là theo cách tiếp cận tái sản xuất tầng lớp tập trung vào di sản. Bài báo này lập luận, và chứng minh một cách thực nghiệm bằng một nghiên cứu về quyền truy cập vào Harvard College, rằng một góc nhìn chính trị-tổ chức không chỉ kết hợp mà còn vượt qua những hiểu biết của mỗi quan điểm này. Sử dụng các khái niệm như vốn văn hóa (Bourdieu, 1977a) và lĩnh vực tổ chức (DiMaggio và Powell, 1983), các giả thuyết về ai sẽ được nhận vào Harvard College được đưa ra và kiểm nghiệm. Sự huy động chính trị cũng như các mối quan hệ lịch sử giữa các tầng lớp ưu tú là những yếu tố chính trong việc xác định kết quả tuyển sinh. Mặc dù thành tích học thuật là một yếu tố quyết định chính trong việc vào Harvard College, vẫn có bằng chứng cho thấy chính sách hành động khẳng định đối với các ứng viên di sản, thiểu số (nhưng không phải người châu Á), vận động viên và nam giới thuộc giai cấp lao động cũng đang có hiệu lực.

Từ khóa

#tuyển sinh #Harvard College #cấu trúc xã hội #vốn văn hóa #chính trị tổ chức

Tài liệu tham khảo

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