中国北方干旱区砂岩洞窟中岩石水分来源：雨水渗漏还是水蒸气凝结？
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Baker A, Barnes WL, Smart PL (1997) Variations in the discharge and organic matter content of stalagmite drip waters in lower cave. Bristol Hydrol Process 11(11):1541–1555. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199709)11:11%3c1541::AID-HYP484%3e3.0.CO;2-Z
Baker A, Berthelin R, Cuthbert MO, Treble PC, Hartmann A, the KSS Cave Studies Team (2020) Rainfall recharge thresholds in a subtropical climate determined using a regional cave drip water monitoring network. J Hydrol 587:125001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125001
Camuffo D (1998) Microclimate for cultural heritage. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Camuffo D, Giorio R (2003) Quantitative evaluation of water deposited by dew on monuments. Bound-Lay Meteorol 107(3):655–672. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022893012277
Cao WB, Wan L, Zeng YJ, Gan XM, Jiang XW, Huang JZ, Yan HB, Zhang L (2005) Study on formation mechanism and prevention of condensation water in Yungang Grottoes. In: Collection of Papers of the 2005 Yungang International Academic Seminar (Protection Volume). Cultural Relics Publishing House, Beijing, pp 191–198 (in Chinese)
De Freitas CR, Littlejohn RN (1987) Cave climate: assessment of heat and moisture exchange. Int J Climatol 7(6):553–569. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370070604
De Freitas CR, Schmekal A (2003) Condensation as a microclimate process: measurement, numerical simulation and prediction in the glowworm cave, New Zealand. Int J Climatol 23:557–575. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.898
De Freitas CR, Schmekal A (2006) Studies of condensation/evaporation processes in the Glowworm Cave, New Zealand. Int J Speleol 35(2):75–81. https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.35.2.3
Deprez M, De Kock T, De Schutterc G, Cnudde V (2020) A review on freeze–thaw action and weathering of rocks. Earth Sci Rev 203:103143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103143
Dublyansky VN, Dublyansky YV (1998) The problem of condensation in karst studies. J Cave Karst Stud 60(1):3–17
Dublyansky VN, Dublyansky YV (2000) The role of condensation in karst hydrogeology and speleogenesis. In: Klimchouk AB, Ford DC, Palmer AN, Wolfgang D (eds) Speleogenesis, evolution of karst aquifers. National Speleological Society, Huntsville, pp 100–111
Fisher LR, Gamble RA, Middlehurst J (1981) The Kelvin equation and the capillary condensation of water. Nature 290:575–576. https://doi.org/10.1038/290575a0
Gabrovšek F, Dreybrodt W, Perne M (2010) Physics of condensation corrosion in caves. In: Andreo B, Carrasco F, Durán JJ, LaMoreaux JW (eds) Advances in research in karst media. Environmental Earth Sciences, Springer, Berlin, pp 491–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12486-0_75
Gázquez F, Quindós L, Rábago D, Fuente I, Celaya S, Sainz C (2022) The role of cave ventilation in the triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of condensation waters in Altamira Cave, northern Spain. J Hydrol 606:127416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127416
Gregg SJ, Sing KSW (1982) Adsorption, surface area, & porosity, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London
Hall K, Hall A (1996) Weathering by wetting and drying: some experimental results Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. Earth Surf Proc Land 21(4):365–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199604)21:4%3c365::AID-ESP571%3e3.0.CO;2-L
Healy RW, Cook PG (2002) Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge. Hydrogeol J 10:91–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0178-0
Huang JZ, Wan L, Peng T, Cao WB, Wang XS (2012) Survey on water sources in Yungang Grottoes and some results. Geotech Invest Survey 40(11):1–5 (11 (in Chinese))
Huang JZ, Zheng Y, Li H (2022) Study of internal moisture condensation for the conservation of stone. J Cult Herit 56:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2022.05.003
Huang KZ (2010) Harm and prevention of water in Yungang Grottoes. In: Cultural relics protection technology (1981–1991), China Science Publishing & Media Ltd, Beijing, pp 284–290 (in Chinese)
Jiang XW, Sun ZC, Zhao KY, Shi FS, Wan L, Wang XS, Shi ZM (2017) A method for simultaneous estimation of groundwater evapotranspiration and inflow rates in the discharge area using seasonal water table fluctuations. J Hydrol 548:498–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.03.026
Lawrence DS (2002) Physical hydrology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Leite PA, Wilcox BP, McInnes K, Walker JW (2021) Applicability of soil moisture sensors for monitoring water dynamics in rock: A field test in weathered limestone. Vadose Zone J 20:e20164. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20164
Lu N, Likos WJ (2004) Unsaturated soil mechanics. John Wiley, Hoboken
Mahmud K, Mariethoz G, Treble PC, Baker A (2015) Terrestrial LiDAR survey and morphological analysis to identify infiltration properties in the Tamala limestone. Western Australia IEEE J-STARS 8(10):4871–4881. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2451088
Mahmud K, Mariethoz G, Baker A, Treble PC, Markowska M, McGuire L (2016) Estimation of deep infiltration in unsaturated limestone environments using cave LiDAR and drip count data. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 20:359–373. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-359-2016
Mahmud K, Mariethoz G, Baker A, Treble PC (2018) Hydrological characterization of cave drip waters in a porous limestone: Golgotha Cave, Western Australia. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 22:977–988. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-977-2018
Mao DQ, Wang XD, Meng J, Ma XM, Jiang XW, Wan L, Yan HB, Fan Y (2022) Infiltration assessments on top of Yungang Grottoes by time–lapse electrical resistivity tomography. Hydrology 9(5):77. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9050077
Matsuoka N, Murton J (2008) Frost weathering: recent advances and future directions. Permafrost Periglac 19(2):195–210. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.620
Meinzer OE (1934) The history and development of ground–water hydrology. J Washington Acad Sci 24(1):6–32. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24532897
Mollo L, Greco R (2011) Moisture measurements in masonry materials by time domain reflectometry. J Mater Civil Eng 23(4):441–444. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000188
Nathan A, Sheffer NA, Cohen M, Efrat Morin E, Grodek T, Gimburg A, Magal E, Gvirtzman H, Nied M, Isele D, Frumkin A (2011) Integrated cave drip monitoring for epikarst recharge estimation in a dry Mediterranean area, Sif Cave, Israel. Hydrol Process 25:2837–2845. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8046
Ouyang KG, Jiang XW, Mei G, Yan HB, Niu R, Wan L, Zeng Y (2023) Physics-informed machine learning for understanding rock moisture dynamics in a sandstone cave. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 27(14):2579–2590. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2579-2023
Quindos LS, Bonet A, Diaz-Caneja N, Fernandez PL, Gutierrez I, Solana JR, Soto J, Villar E (1987) Study of the environmental variables affecting the natural preservation of the Altamira Cave paintings located at Santillana del Mar, Spain. Atmos Environ 21(3):551–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90037-0
Rempe DM, Dietrich WE (2018) Direct observations of rock moisture, a hidden component of the hydrologic cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115(11):2664–2669. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800141115
Sakaki T, Rajaram H (2006) Performance of different types of time domain reflectometry probes for water content measurement in partially saturated rocks. Water Resour Res 42(7):W07404. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004643
Sarbu S, Lascu C (1997) Condensation corrosion in Movile Cave, Romania. J Cave Karst Stud 59(3):99–102
Sass O (2005) Rock moisture measurements: techniques, results, and implications for weathering. Earth Surf Proc Land 30(3):359–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1214
Schmidt L, Rempe D (2020) Quantifying dynamic water storage in unsaturated bedrock with borehole nuclear magnetic resonance. Geophys Res Lett 47(22):e2020GL089600. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089600
Sumner PD, Loubser MJ (2008) Experimental sandstone weathering using different wetting and drying moisture amplitudes. Earth Surf Proc Land 33(6):985–990. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1586
Sun ZH, Scherer GW (2010) Effect of air voids on salt scaling and internal freezing. Cement Concrete Res 40(2):260–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.027
Turkington AV, Paradise TR (2005) Sandstone weathering: a century of research and innovation. Geomorphology 67(1–2):229–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.09.028
Wan L, Cao WB, Wang XS, Huang JZ, Xu F (2012) Preliminary investigation on water–vapor transfer in Yungang Grottoes. Geotech Invest Survey 40(11):6–11 ((in Chinese))
Wang XS, Wan L, Peng T, Dong P, Qian J (2012) Infiltration water in Yungang Grottoes and its movement. Geotech Invest Survey 40(11):12–16 ((in Chinese))
Wu X, Pan MC, Yin JJ, Zhang ML, Cao JH (2022) Hydrogeochemical responses of cave drip water to the local climate in the Liangfeng Cave. Southwest China Hydrol Res 53(7):945. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.015
Xie HY, Jiang XW, Tan SC, Wan L, Wang XS, Liang SH, Zeng YJ (2021) Interaction of soil water and groundwater during the freezing–thawing cycle: field observations and numerical modeling. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 25:4243–4257. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4243-2021
Xu JH, Xiao YM, Sally DL, Robert H (2012) Short, multineedle frequency domain reflectometry sensor suitable for measuring soil water content. Soil Sci Soc Am J 76(6):1929–1937. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0361