[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"_public_publisher_byId_dbc7c594-dbd2-49cf-915f-a90f5bcba51a":3,"_public_publication_all{\"sortAscending\":false,\"sortField\":\"updateTime\",\"page\":0,\"size\":10,\"facet\":true,\"searchKey\":\"publisherId:dbc7c594-dbd2-49cf-915f-a90f5bcba51a,\"}":107},{"code":4,"data":5,"meta":18},"SUCCESS",{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":9,"slug":10,"properties":11,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":20,"manageAffiliations":45,"indexDatabases":61,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":100,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},"dbc7c594-dbd2-49cf-915f-a90f5bcba51a","2024-04-10T01:58:03.386+00:00","2025-11-21T09:51:22.574+00:00",[],"Wood-Science-and-Technology",{"issn":12,"title":14},{"VOID":13},"14325225",{"VOID":15},"Wood Science and Technology","PUBLISHER","PENDING",null,0,[21,27,33,39],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":23,"label":24,"description":26,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},"f116ed3e-c3a7-4ae5-9040-f4e1236ccdcf",[],{"EN":25},"Forestry",{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":29,"label":30,"description":32,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},"a2a5d1c5-cd41-43f2-8cbf-db0e5429c29e",[],{"EN":31},"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering",{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":35,"label":36,"description":38,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},"bd96c813-15c1-414e-bf13-8cb25565afd7",[],{"EN":37},"Materials Science (miscellaneous)",{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":41,"label":42,"description":44,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},"ac5e8493-1d6c-4151-82cf-2a41e5c3f89d",[],{"EN":43},"Plant Science",{},[46,53],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":48,"slug":18,"properties":49,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":52,"statistic":18},"26a19206-5cad-4456-bb2f-49abd254fbc6",[],{"title":50},{"EN":51},"SPRINGER",[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":55,"slug":18,"properties":56,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":59,"statistic":18},"6b6d67d8-1887-4ca8-86c5-a38f66f10928",[],{"title":57},{"EN":58},"Springer Verlag",[60],"9a7c7208-b28a-42c2-a634-5a7f90eee3ab",[62,80],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":64,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":77,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},"2c208412-b751-48b1-b40f-d79db3b56235",{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":66,"label":67,"description":69,"key":72,"publicationTags":73,"standard":18},"a4921856-b128-4d9f-8f1f-e80813d3bbd4",[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},"ISI\u002FSCIE - Science Citation Index Expanded",{"EN":70,"VI":71},"SCIE database","Cơ sở dữ liệu SCIE","scie",[74,75],"SCIE","ISI","https:\u002F\u002Fmjl.clarivate.com\u002Fsearch-results?issn=0043-7719",[78,79],"6196e0bf-fc0e-4bd1-9427-e5c279d512f9","dc4eea08-69d7-4bb5-958e-f00ed8a2f3c8",{"id":81,"indexDatabase":82,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":94,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},"b002b767-f665-4a76-8aa2-8d012f4a569b",{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":84,"label":85,"description":87,"key":89,"publicationTags":90,"standard":18},"3c7051d4-eb7d-4c57-a56b-36fc74c5d1e9",[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},"Scopus - Elsevier",{"EN":86,"VI":88},"Cơ sở dữ liệu Scopus thuộc Elsevier","scopus",[91],"SCOPUS","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scopus.com\u002Fsourceid\u002F26091","1967-2025",[95,96,97,98],"76b27e7b-b898-4984-840f-82bdc7571fb3","0a123226-342a-4226-9f31-dbd65f4aaf4b","a3e7e4bc-fe46-43ff-bddf-b0b084c2c77d","0fcba9a1-2569-4944-a7a4-cc9afab4b4fe","SCOPUS__Q1",{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":101,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":103,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":104,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":105,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},1,{"1989":102},{},{},"JOURNAL",{"meta":108,"data":110},{"total":109},"1959",[111,250,659,823,961,1168,1307,1431,1556,1668],{"id":112,"createTime":113,"updateTime":114,"relativeEntities":115,"slug":116,"properties":117,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":130,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":132,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":133,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":182,"citationCount":241,"citationInfo":242,"publishDate":245,"publishYear":243,"citationAnalyzeStatus":246,"lastCitationAnalyze":247,"indexDatabases":248,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"a1ebe49c-1914-4005-8121-3b7aadbf4515","2023-12-14T12:58:37.726+00:00","2026-07-26T02:06:14.783+00:00",[],"Separation-of-eastern-spruce-and-balsam-fir-by-chemical-methods",{"abstract":118,"title":120,"gsPaper":122,"references":124,"doi":126},{"EN":119},"Increased utilization of eastern spruce and balsam fir has led to a need for a quick method of separating these woods in a mill situation. One such method might be the use of a chemical indicator. A test of various classes of chemical agents applied at different seasons of the year showed that a pH indicator might be suitable for achieving a separation. The most suitable indicator was tested on samples from different geographic locations and at three highproduction stud mills. Additional tests were conducted to explore such variables as moisture content and surface condition of the wood, type of solvent, concentration and temperature. The most suitable indicator found was bromophenol blue at a concentration of 0.10 percent in 95 percent ethanol. When applied to green wood which had been allowed to dry for a few minutes to a few hours, this indicator produced various shades of orange, yellow, green or blue with spruce and a dark blue or blue-violet with fir. With an understanding of the variables that affect the reaction, it is felt that bromophenol blue can be used for the separation of eastern spruce and balsam fir on a commercial basis.",{"EN":121},"Separation of eastern spruce and balsam fir by chemical methods",{"VOID":123},"[\"14438647884296732998\"]",{"VOID":125},"Anonymous. 1974. Color tests in wood identification. Wood Research Note No. 19. Western Forest Prod. Lab., Canada\nBarton, G. M. 1973. Chemical color tests for Canadian woods. Can. Forest Ind. 93 (2): 57–62\nBehr, E. A. 1973. Distinguishing heartwood in northern white cedar. Wood Sci. 6 (4): 394–395\nBrowning, B. L. 1967. Methods of wood chemistry. Vol 1. Interscience-John Wiley, New York\nChow, S.-Z. 1971. Intrared spectral characteristics and surface inactivation of wood at high temperature. Wood Sci. Technol. 5: 27–39\nCore, H. A.; Côté, W. A.; Day, A. C. 1976. Wood structure and identification. Syracuse Univ. Press, Syracuse, New York\nEades, H. W. 1958. Differentiation of sapwood and heartwood in western hemlock by color tests. Forest Prod. J. 8 (3): 104–106\nFraser, H.; Swan, E. P. 1972. A chemical test to differentiate Abies amablis from A. lasiocarpa wood. Bi-monthly Research Notes. 28 (5): 32. Western Forest Prod. Lab., Canada\nGray, V. R. 1961. Colour of wood and its changes. J. Inst. of Wood Sci. 2 (8): 35–57\nHägglund, E. 1951. Chemistry of wood. Academic Press, New York\nHancock, W. V. 1963. Effect of heat treatment on the surface of Douglas-fir veneer. Forest Prod. J. 13 (2): 81–88\nHemingway, R. W. 1969. Thermal instability of fats relative to surface wettability of yellow birch wood (Betula lutea). Tappi 52 (11): 2149–2154\nHillis, W. E. 1962. Wood extractives. Academic Press, New York\nHuffman, J. B. 1955. Distribution of resinous extractives in loblolly pine lumber after seasoning. Forest Prod. J. 5 (2): 135–138\nIngruber, O. V. 1958. The behavior of wood and wood constituents as acid buffering systems. Pulp Paper Mag. Canada 59 (11): 135–141\nIsenberg, I. H. 1967. Pulp and paper microscopy. Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wis.\nIsenberg, I. H.; Buchanan, M. A. 1945. A color reaction of wood with methanol-hydrochloric acid. J. For. 43 (12): 888–890\nJane, F. W. 1970. The structure of wood. 2nd ed. Adam and Charles Black, London\nKoch, P. 1972. Utilization of the southern pines. Vol. 1. Agr. Handbook No. 420, USDA\nKutscha, N. P.; Gray, J. R. 1972. The suitability of certain stains for studying lignification in balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]. Life Sci. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No. 53, Univ. of Maine, Orono\nKutscha, N. P.; Sachs, I. B. 1962. Color tests for differentiating heartwood and sapwood in certain softwood tree species. Report No. 2246. U.S. Forest Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis.\nMcNamara, W.; Sullivan, C.; Higgins, J. 1970. pH measurements of northeastern woods. Wood Sci. 3 (1): 48–51\nNickolls, S. 1976. Special report—Separation of red spruce and balsam fir by chemical methods. School of Forest Resources, Univ. of Maine, Orono\nPackman, D. F. 1960. The acidity of wood. Holzforschung 14: 178–183\nPanshin, A. J.; de Zeeuw, C. 1970. Textbook of wood technology. Vol. 1. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York\nRead, D. W.; Wong, P. Y.; Eade, B. D. 1969. Determination of wood pH with indicators. Pulp Paper Mag. Canada 70 (9): 59–64\nSandermann, W.; Hausen, B.; Simatupang, M. 1967. Initial experiments to differentiate sapwood and heartwood as well as the transition zone of spruce and other coniferous species. Papier 21 (7): 349–354\nStamm, A. J. 1964. Wood and cellulose science. Ronald, New York\nTroughton, G. E.; Chow, S.-Z. 1971. Migration of fatty acids to white spruce veneer surface during drying; relevance to theories of inactivation. Wood Sci. 3 (3): 129–133\nWenzl, H. J. 1970. The chemical technology of wood. Academic Press, New York\nWise, L. E.; Jahn, E. C. 1952. Wood chemistry. 2nd Ed. Reinhold, New York",{"VOID":127},"10.1007\u002FBF00351931","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2024-06-23T00:07:34.227+00:00","Auto Verify","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00351931",[134,150,165],{"id":135,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":136,"affiliations":138,"properties":147,"displayName":149,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"912366c2-6c48-464f-bde2-44db3386d40d",[137],"AUTHOR",[139],{"id":140,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":141,"properties":18},"b614dc6e-9e3d-4760-86e1-283db0c4cfda",{"id":140,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":142,"slug":18,"properties":143,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":146,"statistic":18},[],{"title":144},{"VI":145},"Weyerhaeuser Co., Tacoma",[],{"title":148},{"VI":149},"N. P. Kutscha",{"id":151,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":152,"affiliations":153,"properties":162,"displayName":164,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"b9f50036-579c-4597-932c-4955b51ccb39",[137],[154],{"id":155,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":156,"properties":18},"6643252a-5bd5-40ee-8524-3243531e1a16",{"id":155,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":157,"slug":18,"properties":158,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":161,"statistic":18},[],{"title":159},{"VI":160},"School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, USA",[],{"title":163},{"VI":164},"J. T. Lomerson",{"id":166,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":168,"affiliations":169,"properties":178,"displayName":180,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"0b597b92-9da7-4bb2-a704-055e946487ab",2,[137],[170],{"id":171,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":172,"properties":18},"a6eddab9-06e3-4b7c-acb5-c70bca67fb1c",{"id":171,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":173,"slug":18,"properties":174,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":177,"statistic":18},[],{"title":175},{"VI":176},"Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers Assn., Arlington",[],{"title":179},{"VI":180},"M. V. Dyer","ARTICLE",{"url":132,"publisher":183,"properties":236},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":184,"slug":10,"properties":185,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":188,"manageAffiliations":205,"indexDatabases":216,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":231,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":186,"title":187},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[189,193,197,201],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":190,"label":191,"description":192,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":194,"label":195,"description":196,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":198,"label":199,"description":200,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":202,"label":203,"description":204,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[206,211],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":207,"slug":18,"properties":208,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":210,"statistic":18},[],{"title":209},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":212,"slug":18,"properties":213,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":215,"statistic":18},[],{"title":214},{"EN":58},[60],[217,224],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":218,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":223,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":219,"label":220,"description":221,"key":72,"publicationTags":222,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":225,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":230,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":226,"label":227,"description":228,"key":89,"publicationTags":229,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":232,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":233,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":234,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":235,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":237,"volume":239},{"VOID":238},"293-308",{"VOID":240},"12",5,{"total":241,"publishYear":243,"statisticByYear":244},1978,{"1995":102,"1997":102,"1999":102,"2000":102,"2012":102},"1978-12-01","DONE_ANALYZE_CITATION","2026-07-26T02:06:14.782+00:00",[74,99],false,{"id":251,"createTime":252,"updateTime":253,"relativeEntities":254,"slug":255,"properties":256,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":265,"verifyNote":131,"languages":266,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":268,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":269,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":404,"citationCount":458,"citationInfo":459,"publishDate":462,"publishYear":460,"citationAnalyzeStatus":246,"lastCitationAnalyze":463,"indexDatabases":464,"openAccess":18,"references":465,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"d536032c-a942-486b-8107-c937d1073657","2024-04-14T12:14:27.152+00:00","2026-07-25T21:58:23.484+00:00",[],"X-ray-diffraction-Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy-and-thermal-decomposition-analyses-of-virgin-cork-elements-in-Quercus-variabilis-grown-in-Korea",{"openalex":257,"title":259,"gsPaper":261,"doi":263},{"VOID":258},"W4391029283",{"EN":260},"X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal decomposition analyses of virgin cork elements in Quercus variabilis grown in Korea",{"VOID":262},"[\"7608905688878571233\"]",{"VOID":264},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-023-01520-3","2024-05-16T15:07:23.835+00:00",[267],"EN","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-023-01520-3",[270,291,312,331,351,369,386],{"id":271,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":272,"affiliations":273,"properties":282,"displayName":286,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"8e1ef94d-ecd7-4bb3-b624-c0f11a5d8e70",[],[274],{"id":275,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":276,"properties":18},"70038f1b-6da7-444a-baed-1f376837b199",{"id":275,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":277,"slug":18,"properties":278,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":281,"statistic":18},[],{"title":279},{"VI":280},"Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea",[],{"orcid":283,"title":285,"gsAuthor":287,"openalex":289},{"VOID":284},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2151-0555",{"EN":286},"Denni Prasetia",{"VOID":288},"[\"ehM4OQoAAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":290},"A5081461425",{"id":292,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":293,"affiliations":294,"properties":303,"displayName":307,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"7b162efa-fa58-4e53-bbd3-4545bb8ccaa1",[],[295],{"id":296,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":297,"properties":18},"716b5c1a-a6e9-4de4-87c2-c7d2e468cba4",{"id":296,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":298,"slug":18,"properties":299,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":302,"statistic":18},[],{"title":300},{"VI":301},"Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea",[],{"orcid":304,"title":306,"gsAuthor":308,"openalex":310},{"VOID":305},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9756-3309",{"EN":307},"Byantara Darsan Purusatama",{"VOID":309},"[\"uGHSC4UAAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":311},"A5063836239",{"id":313,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":314,"affiliations":315,"properties":322,"displayName":326,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"bf36dd4c-233b-4be1-9a57-f4a4e7d74da0",[],[316],{"id":275,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":317,"properties":18},{"id":275,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":318,"slug":18,"properties":319,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":321,"statistic":18},[],{"title":320},{"VI":280},[],{"orcid":323,"title":325,"gsAuthor":327,"openalex":329},{"VOID":324},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4101-7429",{"EN":326},"Jong-Ho Kim",{"VOID":328},"[\"t9P0z7MAAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":330},"A5067905786",{"id":332,"sortIndex":333,"researcher":18,"roles":334,"affiliations":335,"properties":344,"displayName":348,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"c2e878df-dd69-41c8-b31d-f96848814f3b",3,[],[336],{"id":337,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":338,"properties":18},"f0587dbf-c3b4-43c5-bded-89f1630ffc43",{"id":337,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":339,"slug":18,"properties":340,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":343,"statistic":18},[],{"title":341},{"EN":342},"FC Korea Land Co. Ltd, Seoul, 07271, Republic of Korea",[],{"orcid":345,"title":347,"openalex":349},{"VOID":346},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4363-4252",{"EN":348},"Jae–Hyuk Jang",{"VOID":350},"A5033861220",{"id":352,"sortIndex":353,"researcher":18,"roles":354,"affiliations":355,"properties":362,"displayName":366,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"bea66677-f710-40e2-9d20-b6b69f5a392d",4,[],[356],{"id":275,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":357,"properties":18},{"id":275,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":358,"slug":18,"properties":359,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":361,"statistic":18},[],{"title":360},{"VI":280},[],{"orcid":363,"title":365,"openalex":367},{"VOID":364},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-5090-6167",{"EN":366},"Se-Yeong Park",{"VOID":368},"A5049955415",{"id":370,"sortIndex":241,"researcher":18,"roles":371,"affiliations":372,"properties":379,"displayName":383,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"efdd9b39-3b06-4d13-9073-33db28974409",[],[373],{"id":275,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":374,"properties":18},{"id":275,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":375,"slug":18,"properties":376,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":378,"statistic":18},[],{"title":377},{"VI":280},[],{"orcid":380,"title":382,"openalex":384},{"VOID":381},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9988-2749",{"EN":383},"Seung Hwan Lee",{"VOID":385},"A5057257626",{"id":387,"sortIndex":388,"researcher":18,"roles":389,"affiliations":390,"properties":397,"displayName":401,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"f81b94cc-9f3d-4b99-bdbc-13da7c60e69f",6,[],[391],{"id":275,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":392,"properties":18},{"id":275,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":393,"slug":18,"properties":394,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":396,"statistic":18},[],{"title":395},{"VI":280},[],{"orcid":398,"title":400,"openalex":402},{"VOID":399},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4416-0554",{"EN":401},"Nam Hun Kim",{"VOID":403},"A5004182147",{"url":18,"publisher":405,"properties":18},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":406,"slug":10,"properties":407,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":410,"manageAffiliations":427,"indexDatabases":438,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":453,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":408,"title":409},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[411,415,419,423],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":412,"label":413,"description":414,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":416,"label":417,"description":418,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":420,"label":421,"description":422,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":424,"label":425,"description":426,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[428,433],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":429,"slug":18,"properties":430,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":432,"statistic":18},[],{"title":431},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":434,"slug":18,"properties":435,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":437,"statistic":18},[],{"title":436},{"EN":58},[60],[439,446],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":440,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":445,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":441,"label":442,"description":443,"key":72,"publicationTags":444,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":447,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":452,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":448,"label":449,"description":450,"key":89,"publicationTags":451,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":454,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":455,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":456,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":457,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},8,{"total":458,"publishYear":460,"statisticByYear":461},2024,{"2024":167,"2025":167,"2026":353},"2024-01-01","2026-07-25T21:58:23.483+00:00",[74,99],[466,470,473,477,480,484,488,492,496,500,504,508,512,516,519,523,526,530,533,537,541,545,549,553,557,561,565,569,573,577,580,584,588,592,596,600,604,608,612,616,620,624,628,631,635,639,643,647,651,655],{"id":18,"text":467,"url":18,"identifiers":468},"Abenojar J, de Armentia SL, Barbosa AQ, Martinez MA, Velasco F, da Silva LFM, del Real Romero JC (2020) Coating cork particles with iron oxide: effect on magnetic properties. Wood Sci Technol 54:869–889. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-020-01191-4",{"doi":469},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-020-01191-4",{"id":18,"text":471,"url":18,"identifiers":472},"Alexander LE (1969) X-ray diffraction in polymer science. Wiley-Intersciene, Amsterdam",{},{"id":18,"text":474,"url":18,"identifiers":475},"Anjos O, Pereira H, Rosa ME (2011) Tensile properties of cork in axial stress and influence of porosity, density, quality and radial position in the plank. Eur J Wood Prod 69:85–91. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00107-009-0407-0",{"doi":476},"10.1007\u002Fs00107-009-0407-0",{"id":18,"text":478,"url":18,"identifiers":479},"Aronson J, Pereira JS, Pausas JG (2009) Cork oak woodlands on edge: ecology, adaptive management, and restoration. Island Press Publication, Washington",{},{"id":18,"text":481,"url":18,"identifiers":482},"Chen D, Zhang X, Kang H, Sun X, Yin S, Du H, Yamanaka N, Gapare W, Wu HX, Liu C (2012) Phylogeography of Quercus variabilis based on chloroplast DNA sequence in East Asia: multiple glacial refugia and mainland-migrated island populations. PLoS ONE 7(10):1–14. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0047268",{"doi":483},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0047268",{"id":18,"text":485,"url":18,"identifiers":486},"Conti C, Casati M, Colombo C, Possenti E, Realini M, Gatta GD, Merlini M, Brambilla L, Zerbi G (2015) Synthesis of calcium oxalate trihydrate: new data by vibrational spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 150:721–730. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2015.06.009",{"doi":487},"10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2015.06.009",{"id":18,"text":489,"url":18,"identifiers":490},"Costa PA, Barreiros MA, Mouquinho AI, e Silva PO, Paradela F, Oliveira FAC (2022) Slow pyrolysis of cork granules under nitrogen atmosphere: by-products characterization and their potential valorization. Biofuel Res J 33:1562–1572. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.18331\u002FBRJ2022.9.1.3",{"doi":491},"10.18331\u002FBRJ2022.9.1.3",{"id":18,"text":493,"url":18,"identifiers":494},"Faix O (1991) Classification of lignins from different botanical origins by FT-IR spectroscopy. Holzforschung 45:21–28. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1515\u002Fhfsg.1991.45.s1.21",{"doi":495},"10.1515\u002Fhfsg.1991.45.s1.21",{"id":18,"text":497,"url":18,"identifiers":498},"Ferreira R, Garcia H, Sousa AF, Freire CSR, Silvestre AJD, Rebelo LPN, Pereira CS (2013) Isolation of suberin from birch outer bark and cork using ionic liquids: a new source of macromonomers. Ind Crops Prod 44:520–527. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2012.10.002",{"doi":499},"10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2012.10.002",{"id":18,"text":501,"url":18,"identifiers":502},"Ferreira J, Miranda I, Şen U, Pereira H (2016) Chemical and cellular features of virgin and reproduction cork from Quercus variabilis. Ind Crops Prod 94:638–648. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2016.09.038",{"doi":503},"10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2016.09.038",{"id":18,"text":505,"url":18,"identifiers":506},"Gibson LJ, Ashby MF (1997) Cellular solids: structure and properties, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK",{"doi":507},"10.1017\u002FCBO9781139878326",{"id":18,"text":509,"url":18,"identifiers":510},"Gibson LJ, Easterling KE, Ashby MF (1981) The structure and mechanics of cork. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. 377(1769):99–117. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1098\u002Frspa.1981.0117",{"doi":511},"10.1098\u002Frspa.1981.0117",{"id":18,"text":513,"url":18,"identifiers":514},"Hidayat W, Kim YK, Jeon WS, Lee JA, Kim AR, Park SH, Maail RS, Kim NH (2017) Qualitative and quantitative anatomical characteristics of four tropical wood species from Moluccas Indonesia. J Korean Wood Sci Technol 45(4):21–222. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5658\u002FWOOD.2017.45.4.369",{"doi":515},"10.5658\u002FWOOD.2017.45.4.369",{"id":18,"text":517,"url":18,"identifiers":518},"Hon DNS, Shiraishi N (2001) Wood and cellulosic chemistry, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York",{},{"id":18,"text":520,"url":18,"identifiers":521},"Hourlier D (2019) Thermal decomposition of calcium oxalate: beyond appearances. J Therm Anal Calorim 136:2221–2229. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10973-018-7888-1",{"doi":522},"10.1007\u002Fs10973-018-7888-1",{"id":18,"text":524,"url":18,"identifiers":525},"Kang HY, Kim SW (2004) Air-klin drying the boards and disks of Quercus variabilis. J Korean Wood Sci Technol 32(1):52–58",{},{"id":18,"text":527,"url":18,"identifiers":528},"Kim NH, Hanna RB (2006) Morphological characteristics of Quercus variabilis charcoal prepared at different temperatures. Wood Sci Technol 40(2006):392–401. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-005-0062-5",{"doi":529},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-005-0062-5",{"id":18,"text":531,"url":18,"identifiers":532},"Kim BR, Mishiro A, Sugitama J, Okano T (1990) The physical properties of virgin and reproduction corks of Quercus variabilis Blume. Bull Tokyo Univ for 82:199–217",{},{"id":18,"text":534,"url":18,"identifiers":535},"Knapic S, Oliveira V, Machado JS, Pereira H (2016) Cork as a building material: a review. Eur J Wood Prod 74:775–791. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00107-016-1076-4",{"doi":536},"10.1007\u002Fs00107-016-1076-4",{"id":18,"text":538,"url":18,"identifiers":539},"Kwon SM, Kim NH, Cha DS (2009) An investigation on the transition characteristics of the wood cell walls during carbonization. Wood Sci Technol 43:487–498. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-009-0245-6",{"doi":540},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-009-0245-6",{"id":18,"text":542,"url":18,"identifiers":543},"Lacerda PSS, Gama N, Freire CSR, Silvestre AJD, Barros-Timmons A (2020) Grafting Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) from cork via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) towards higher quality of three-dimensional (3D) printed PMMA\u002Fcork-g-PMMA materials. Polymers 12(9):1867. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fpolym12091867",{"doi":544},"10.3390\u002Fpolym12091867",{"id":18,"text":546,"url":18,"identifiers":547},"Li J, Bi J, Song X, Qu W, Liu D (2019) Surface and dynamic viscoelastic properties of cork from Quercus variabilis. BioResources 14(1):607–618",{"doi":548},"10.15376\u002Fbiores.14.1.607-618",{"id":18,"text":550,"url":18,"identifiers":551},"Marques AV, Pereira H, Meier D, Faix O (1996) Isolation and characterization of a guaiacyl lignin from saponified cork of Quercus suber L. Holzforschung 50:393–400. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1515\u002Fhfsg.1996.50.5.393",{"doi":552},"10.1515\u002Fhfsg.1996.50.5.393",{"id":18,"text":554,"url":18,"identifiers":555},"Miranda I, Gominho J, Pereira H (2013) Cellular structure and chemical composition of cork from the Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis). J Wood Sci 59:1–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10086-012-1300-8",{"doi":556},"10.1007\u002Fs10086-012-1300-8",{"id":18,"text":558,"url":18,"identifiers":559},"Navi P, Sandberg D (2012) Thermo-hydro-mechanical processing of wood. EPFL Press, New York",{"doi":560},"10.1201\u002Fb10143",{"id":18,"text":562,"url":18,"identifiers":563},"Neto CP, Rocha J, Gil A, Cordeiro N, Esculcas AP, Rocha S, Delgadillo I, de Jesus JDP, Correia AJF (1995) 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared studies of the thermal decomposition of cork. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 4:143–151. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0926-2040(94)00039-F",{"doi":564},"10.1016\u002F0926-2040(94)00039-F",{"id":18,"text":566,"url":18,"identifiers":567},"Nobre C, Şen A, Durão L, Miranda I, Pereira H, Gonçalves M (2021) Low-temperature pyrolysis products of waste cork and lignocellulosic biomass: product characterization. Biomass Conv Biorefinery 13:2267–2277. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs13399-021-01300-8",{"doi":568},"10.1007\u002Fs13399-021-01300-8",{"id":18,"text":570,"url":18,"identifiers":571},"Özgenç Ö, Durmaz S, Kuştaş S (2017) Chemical analysis of tree barks using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and conventional techniques. BioResources 12(4):9143–9151",{"doi":572},"10.15376\u002Fbiores.12.4.9143-9151",{"id":18,"text":574,"url":18,"identifiers":575},"Pandey KK (1999) A study of chemical structure of soft and hardwood and wood polymers by FTIR spectroscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 71:1969–1975. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002F(SICI)1097-4628(19990321)71:12%3c1969::AID-APP6%3e3.0.CO;2-D",{"doi":576},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1097-4628(19990321)71:12\u003C1969::AID-APP6>3.0.CO;2-D",{"id":18,"text":578,"url":18,"identifiers":579},"Pereira H (2007) Cork: biology, production, and uses. Elsevier Publications, Amsterdam",{},{"id":18,"text":581,"url":18,"identifiers":582},"Pereira H (2015) The Rationale behind cork properties: a review of structure and chemistry. BioResources 10(3):6207–6229",{"doi":583},"10.15376\u002Fbiores.10.3.Pereira",{"id":18,"text":585,"url":18,"identifiers":586},"Pereira H, Rosa ME, Fortes MA (1987) The cellular structure of cork from Quercus suber. IAWA Bull 8(3):213–218. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1163\u002F22941932-90001048",{"doi":587},"10.1163\u002F22941932-90001048",{"id":18,"text":589,"url":18,"identifiers":590},"Prasetia D, Purusatama BD, Kim J-H, Yang G-U, Jang J-H, Park S-Y, Lee S-H, Kim N-H (2022a) Quantitative anatomical characteristics of virgin cork in Quercus variabilis grown in Korea. Forests 13(10):1711. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Ff13101711",{"doi":591},"10.3390\u002Ff13101711",{"id":18,"text":593,"url":18,"identifiers":594},"Prasetia D, Purusatama BD, Kim J-H, Yang G-U, Jang J-H, Park S-Y, Kim N-H (2022) Qualitative anatomical characteristics of the virgin cork in Quercus variabilis grown in Korea. Bioresources 18(1):884–898. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.15376\u002Fbiores.18.1.884-898",{"doi":595},"10.15376\u002Fbiores.18.1.884-898",{"id":18,"text":597,"url":18,"identifiers":598},"Purusatama BD, Choi JK, Lee SH, Kim NH (2019) Microfbril angle, crystalline characteristics, and chemical compounds of reaction wood in stem wood of Pinus densifora. Wood Sci Technol 54:123–137. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-019-01140-w",{"doi":599},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-019-01140-w",{"id":18,"text":601,"url":18,"identifiers":602},"Ribeiro AM, Ramalho E, Neto MP, Pilão RM (2022) Thermogravimetric analysis of high-density cork granules using isoconversional methods. Energy Rep 8(3):442–447. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.egyr.2022.01.100",{"doi":603},"10.1016\u002Fj.egyr.2022.01.100",{"id":18,"text":605,"url":18,"identifiers":606},"Rosa ME, Fortes MA (1988) Thermogravimetric analysis of cork. J Mater Sci Lett 7:1064–1065. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00720828",{"doi":607},"10.1007\u002FBF00720828",{"id":18,"text":609,"url":18,"identifiers":610},"Schwanninger M, Rodrigues JC, Pereira H, Hinterstoisser B (2004) Effects of short-time vibratory ball milling on the shape of FT-IR spectra of wood and cellulose. Vib Spectrosc 36(1):23–40. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vibspec.2004.02.003",{"doi":611},"10.1016\u002Fj.vibspec.2004.02.003",{"id":18,"text":613,"url":18,"identifiers":614},"Segal L, Creely JJ, Martin AE, Conrad CM (1959) An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer. Text Res J 29(10):786–794. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F004051755902901003",{"doi":615},"10.1177\u002F004051755902901003",{"id":18,"text":617,"url":18,"identifiers":618},"Şen A, Marques AV, Gominho J, Pereira H (2012) Study of thermochemical treatments of the cork in the 150–400 °C range using colour analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Ind Crops Prod 38:132–138. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2012.01.018",{"doi":619},"10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2012.01.018",{"id":18,"text":621,"url":18,"identifiers":622},"Şen A, Van den Bulcke J, Defoirdt N, Van Acker J, Pereira H (2014) Thermal behavior of cork and cork components. Thermochim Acta 582:94–100. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.tca.2014.03.007",{"doi":623},"10.1016\u002Fj.tca.2014.03.007",{"id":18,"text":625,"url":18,"identifiers":626},"Shangguan W, Chen Z, Zhao J, Song X (2018) Thermogravimetric analysis of cork and cork components from Quercus variabilis. Wood Sci Technol 52:181–192. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-017-0959-9",{"doi":627},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-017-0959-9",{"id":18,"text":629,"url":18,"identifiers":630},"Shiqian W, Xiaozhou S, Yafang L, Mingqiang Z (2018) Characterizations and properties of torrefied Quercus variabilis cork. Wood Research 63(6):947–958",{},{"id":18,"text":632,"url":18,"identifiers":633},"Silva SP, Sabino MA, Fernandes EM, Correlo VM, Boesel LF, Reis RL (2005) Cork: properties, capabilities and applications. Int Mater Rev 50(6):345–365. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1179\u002F174328005X41168",{"doi":634},"10.1179\u002F174328005X41168",{"id":18,"text":636,"url":18,"identifiers":637},"Sousa VB, Leal S, Quilhó T, Pereira H (2009) Characterization of cork oak (Quercus suber) wood anatomy. IAWA J 30(2):149–161. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1163\u002F22941932-90000210",{"doi":638},"10.1163\u002F22941932-90000210",{"id":18,"text":640,"url":18,"identifiers":641},"Sun X-Y, Zhang C-Y, Bhadja P, Ouyang J-M (2018) Preparation, properties, formation mechanisms, and cytotoxicity of calcium oxalate monohydrate with various morphologies. CrystEngComm 20(1):75–87. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1039\u002FC7CE01912B",{"doi":642},"10.1039\u002FC7CE01912B",{"id":18,"text":644,"url":18,"identifiers":645},"Suri IF, Purusatama BD, Lee SH, Hidayat W, Ma’ruf SD, Febrianto F, Kim NH (2021) Characteristic features of the oil-heat treated woods from tropical fast growing wood species. Wood Res 66(3):365–378. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.37763\u002Fwr.1336-4561\u002F66.3.365378",{"doi":646},"10.37763\u002Fwr.1336-4561\u002F66.3.365378",{"id":18,"text":648,"url":18,"identifiers":649},"Xu WJ, Qiu DP, Liu S-Q, Li M, Yang R (2019) Preparation of cork-derived porous activated carbon for high performance supercapacitors. J Inorg Mater 34(6):625–632. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.15541\u002Fjim20180426",{"doi":650},"10.15541\u002Fjim20180426",{"id":18,"text":652,"url":18,"identifiers":653},"Yang GU, Purusatama BD, Kim JH, Suri IF, Prasetia D, Hidayat W, Febrianto F, Lee SH, Kim NH (2022) Physical and chemical characteristics of the bamboo culm and wood carbonized at low temperature. BioResources 17(3):4837–4855",{"doi":654},"10.15376\u002Fbiores.17.3.4837-4855",{"id":18,"text":656,"url":18,"identifiers":657},"Zhao JF, Feng DJ, Lei YF, Zhang WH, Zhang YJ (2013) Cell structure and chemical components of sclereids and lenticels from Quercus variabilis cork. J Northwest A&F Univ (Natural Science Edition) 41(7):119–124. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.13207\u002Fj.cnki.jnwafu.2013.07.005",{"doi":658},"10.13207\u002Fj.cnki.jnwafu.2013.07.005",{"id":660,"createTime":661,"updateTime":662,"relativeEntities":663,"slug":664,"properties":665,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":676,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":677,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":678,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":759,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":818,"publishDate":821,"publishYear":819,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":662,"indexDatabases":822,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"07be3cc0-1c66-459d-809b-d8678f5c189a","2024-01-19T12:23:12.896+00:00","2026-07-23T00:38:47.771+00:00",[],"A-review-of-wood-thermal-pretreatments-to-improve-wood-composite-properties",{"abstract":666,"title":668,"gsPaper":670,"references":672,"doi":674},{"EN":667},"The objective of this paper is to review the published literature on improving properties of wood composites through thermal pretreatment of wood. Thermal pretreatment has been conducted in moist environments using hot water or steam at temperatures up to 180 and 230 °C, respectively, or in dry environments using inert gases at temperatures up to 240 °C. In these conditions, hemicelluloses are removed, crystallinity index of cellulose is increased, and cellulose degree of polymerization is reduced, while lignin is not considerably affected. Thermally modified wood has been used to manufacture wood–plastic composites, particleboard, oriented strand board, binderless panels, fiberboard, waferboard, and flakeboard. Thermal pretreatment considerably reduced water absorption and thickness swelling of wood composites, which has been attributed mainly to the removal of hemicelluloses. Mechanical properties have been increased or sometimes reduced, depending on the product and the conditions of the pretreatment. Thermal pretreatment has also shown to improve the resistance of composites to decay.",{"EN":669},"A review of wood thermal pretreatments to improve wood composite properties",{"VOID":671},"[\"15053022685577884307\"]",{"VOID":673},"Acharjee TC, Coronella CJ, Vasquez VR (2011) Effect of thermal pretreatment on equilibrium moisture content of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technol 102:4849–4854\nAgbor VB, Cicek N, Sparling R, Berlin A, Levin DB (2011) Biomass pretreatment: fundamentals toward application. Biotechnol Adv 29:675–685\nAlén R (2000) Structure and chemical composition of wood. In: Gullichsen J et al (eds) Forest products chemistry, papermaking science and technology 3. Fapet, Jyväskylä, pp 11–57\nAlvira P, Tomás-Pejó E, Ballesteros M, Negro MJ (2010) Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: a review. Bioresource Technol 101:4851–4861\nAmidon T, Liu S (2009) Water-based woody biorefinery. Biotechnol Adv 27:542–550\nAmidon TE, Wood CD, Shupe AM, Wang Y, Graves M, Liu S (2008) Biorefinery: conversion of woody biomass to chemicals, energy and materials. J Biobased Mater Bio 2:100–120\nAndrusyk L, Oporto GS, Gardner DJ, Neivandt DJ (2008) Wood plastic composites manufactured from hot water extracted wood. Part I: mechanical evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 51st international convention of society of wood science and technology, November 10–12, Concepción, Chile\nAngles NM, Salvado J, Dufresne A (1999) Steam-exploded residual softwood-filled polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 74:1962–1977\nAngles MN, Ferrando F, Farriol X, Salvado J (2001) Suitability of steam exploded residual softwood for the production of binderless panels. Effect of the pre-treatment severity and lignin addition. Biomass Bioenerg 21:211–224\nAsplund AJA (1935) Method of manufacture of pulp. US Patent 2008892\nAtes S, Akyildiz MH, Ozdemir H (2009) Effects of heat treatment on calabrian pine (Pinus brutia ten.) wood. Bioresources 4(3):1032–1043\nAyrilmis N, Winandy JE (2009) Effects of post heat-treatment on surface characteristics and adhesive bonding performance of medium density fiberboard. Mater Manuf Process 24:594–599\nAyrilmis N, Laufenberg TL, Winandy JE (2009) Dimensional stability and creep behavior of heat-treated exterior medium density fiberboard. Eur J Wood Prod 67:287–295\nAyrilmis N, Jarusombuti S, Fueangvivat V, Bauchongkol P (2011a) Effect of thermal-treatment of wood fibres on properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites. Polym Degrad Stabil 96:818–822\nAyrilmis N, Jarusombuti S, Fueangvivat V, Bauchongkol P (2011b) Effects of thermal treatment of rubberwood fibres on physical and mechanical properties of medium density fibreboard. J Trop For Sci 23(1):10–16\nBack EL (1987) The bonding mechanism in hardboard manufacture. Holzforschung 41:247–258\nBaddam RR (2006) Anaerobic fermentation of hemicellulose present in green liquor and hot water extracts to carboxylic acids. Master’s Thesis, University of Maine\nBain RL, Overend RP, Craig KR (1998) Biomass-fired power generation. Fuel Process Technol 54:1–16\nBellais M, Davidsson KO, Liliedahl T, Sjöström K, Pettersson JBC (2003) Pyrolysis of large wood particles: a study of shrinkage importance in simulations. Fuel 82:1541–1548\nBergman PCA, Kiel JHA (2005) Torrefaction for biomass upgrading. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Unit ECN Biomass ECN Report: ECN-RX-05-180, 14th European biomass conference & exhibition, Paris, 17–21 October\nBergman PCA, Boersma AR, Zwart RWH, Kiel JHA (2005) Torrefaction for biomass co-firing in existing coal-fired power stations. Report ECN-C-05-013, ECN, Petten, Netherlands\nBhuiyan TR, Hirai N, Sobue N (2000) Changes of crystallinity in wood cellulose by heat treatment under dried and moist conditions. J Wood Sci 46:431–436\nBhuiyan RT, Hirai N, Sobue N (2001) Effect of intermittent heat treatment on crystallinity in wood cellulose. J Wood Sci 47:336–341\nBobleter O, Bonn G (1983) The hydrothermolysis of cellobiose and its reaction product d-glucose. Carbohyd Res 124:185–193\nBobleter O, Niesner R, Röhr M (1976) The hydrothermal degradation of cellulosic matter to sugars and their fermentative conversion to protein. J Appl Polym Sci 20(8):2083–2093\nBobleter D, Bonn G, Prutsch W (1991) Steam explosion-hydrothermolysis-organosolv. A comparison. In: Focher et al (eds) Steam explosion techniques. Fundamentals and Industrial Applications, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 59–82\nBoehm RM (1930) The Masonite process. Ind Eng Chem 22(5):493–497\nBoehm RM (1936) Making board products and recovering water solubles from fibrous ligno-cellulose material. US Patent No. 2224135\nBoonstra MJ (2008) A two-stage thermal modification of wood. Ph.D. dissertation in cosupervision Ghent University and Université Henry Poincaré, Nancy 1\nBoonstra MJ, Tjeerdsma B (2006) Chemical analysis of heat treated softwoods. Holz Roh Werkst 64:204–211\nBoonstra MJ, Pizzi A, Zomers F, Ohlmeyer F, Paul W (2006) The effects of a two stage heat treatment process on the properties of particleboard. Holz Roh Werkst 64:157–164\nBorrega M, Kärenlampi PP (2008) Mechanical behavior of heat-treated spruce (Picea abies) wood at constant moisture content and ambient humidity. Holz Roh Werkst 66:63–69\nBorysiuk P, Mamiński M, Grześkiewicz M, Parzuchowski P, Mazurek A (2007) Thermally modified wood as raw material for particleboard manufacture. In: The third European conference on wood modification, Cardiff, UK, 15–16th October\nBouajila J, Limare A, Joly C, Dole P (2005) Lignin plasticization to improve binderless fiberboard mechanical properties. Polym Eng Sci 45(6):809–816\nBouteille J (1939) Improvement of wood torrefaction ovens (In French). French Patent FR 839732\nBowyer JL, Shmulsky R, Haygreen JG (2007) Forest products and wood science: an introduction, 5th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Ames\nBrebu M, Vasile C (2010) Thermal degradation of lignin. A review. Cellulose Chem Technol 44(9):353–363\nBridgeman TG, Jones JM, Williams A, Waldron DJ (2010) An investigation of the grind ability of two torrefied energy crops. Fuel 89:3911–3918\nBroido A, Javier-Son AC, Ouano AC, Barrall EM (1973) Molecular weight decrease in the early pyrolysis of crystalline and amorphous cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 17:3625–3627\nBrown RC, Holmgren J (2006) Fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading. Chicago section AIChE symposium October 11, 2006, http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ascension-publishing.com\u002FBIZ\u002FHD50.pdf, Accessed 10 March 2012\nByrd VL (1979) Press drying. Flow and adhesion of hemicellulose and lignin. Tappi 62(7):81–84\nCarvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Girio FM (2008) Hemicellulose biorefineries: a review on biomass pretreatments. J Sci Ind Res India 67:849–864\nCasebier RL, Hamilton JK, Hergert HL (1969) Chemistry and mechanism of water prehydrolysis on southern pine wood. Tappi 52(12):2368–2377\nChaffee TL (2011) Potential for enhanced properties of wood products by hot water extraction of low-value, undebarked ponderosa pine. Master’s Thesis, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse\nChen W-H, Kuo P-C (2010) A study on torrefaction of various biomass materials and its impact on lignocellulosic structure simulated by a thermogravimetry. Energy 35:2580–2586\nChiaramonti D, Rizzo AM, Prussi M, Tedeschi S, Zimbardi F, Braccio G et al (2011) 2nd generation lignocellulosic bioethanol: is torrefaction a possible approach to biomass pretreatment? Biomass Conv Bioref 1(1):9–15\nChirkova J, Andersone I, Irbe I, Spince B, Andersons B (2011) Lignins as agents for bio-protection of wood. Holzforschung 65(4):497–502\nChoong ET (1969) Effect of extractives on shrinkage and other hygroscopic properties of ten Southern pine woods. Wood Fiber Sci 1(2):124–133\nChristensen GN, Kelsey KE (1959) Die Sorption von Wasserdampf durch die chemischen Bestandteile des Holzes. Holz Roh Werkst 17:189–203\nCiolkosz D, Wallace R (2011) A review of torrefaction for bioenergy feedstock production. Biofuel Bioprod Bior 5:317–329\nClemons CM (2010) Wood flour. In: Xanthos M (ed) Functional fillers for plastics, 2nd edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 269–290\nCouhert C, Salvador S, Commandré JM (2009) Impact of torrefaction on syngas production from wood. Fuel 88:2286–2290\nDegroot WF, Pan WP, Rahman MD, Richards GN (1988) First chemical events in pyrolysis of wood. J Anal Appl Pyrol 13(3):221–231\nDoherty WOS, Mousavioun P, Fellows CM (2011) Value-adding to cellulosic ethanol: lignin polymers. Ind Crop Prod 33:259–276\nDonohoe BS, Decker SR, Tucker MP, Himmel ME, Vinzant TB (2008) Visualizing lignin coalescence and migration through maize cell walls following thermochemical pretreatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 101(5):913–925\nDuarte GV, Ramarao BV, Amidon TE, Ferreira PT (2011) Effect of hot water extraction on hardwood kraft pulp fibers (Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple). Ind Eng Chem Res 50:9949–9959\nDubey MK, Pang S, Walker J (2012) Changes in chemistry, color, dimensional stability and fungal resistance of Pinus radiata D. Don wood with oil heat-treatment. Holzforschung 66:49–57\nEckelman CA (1998) The shrinking and swelling of wood and its effect on furniture. Forest Natural Resources 163:1–26\nEspinoza-Herrera R, Cloutier A (2008) Compatibility of four Eastern Canadian woods with gypsum and gypsum-cement binders by isothermal calorimetry. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 10(3):275–288\nEsteves BM, Pereira HM (2009) Wood modification by heat treatment: a review. Bioresources 4(1):370–404\nFalco C, Caballero FP, Babonneau F, Gervais C, Laurent G, Titirici M-M, Baccile N (2011) Hydrothermal carbon from biomass: structural differences between hydrothermal and pyrolyzed carbons via 13C Solid State NMR. Langmuir 27:14460–14471\nFang C-H, Cloutier A, Blanchet P, Koubaa A, Mariotti N (2011) Densification of wood veneers combined with oil-heat treatment. Part I: dimensional stability. BioResources 6(1):373–385\nFang C-H, Cloutier A, Blanchet P, Koubaa A (2012) Densification of wood veneers combined with oil-heat treatment. Part II: hygroscopicity and mechanical properties. BioResources 7(1):925–935\nFarmer RH (1967) Chemistry in the utilization of wood. Pergamon Press, London\nFatehi P, Ni Y (2011) Integrated forest biorefinery–prehydrolysis\u002Fdissolving pulping process. In Zhu J et al (eds) Sustainable production of fuels, chemicals, and fibers from forest biomass. ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society, Washington, DC\nFengel D, Wegener G (1989) Wood. Chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions. Water de Gruyter, Berlin\nFocher B, Marzetti A, Beltrame PL, Avella M (1998) Steam exploded biomass for the preparation of conventional and advanced biopolymer-based materials. Biomass Bioenergy 14(3):187–194\nFollrich J, Müller U, Gindl W, Mundigler N (2010) Effects of long-term storage on the mechanical characteristics of wood plastic composites produced from thermally modified wood fibers. J Thermoplast Compos 23:845–853\nFonseca F, Luengo CA, Suarez JA, Beaton PA (2005) Wood briquette torrefaction. Energy Sustain Dev 9(3):19–22\nFunke A, Ziegler F (2010) Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: a summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering. Biofuel Bioprod Bior 4(2):160–177\nGarcia RA, Cloutier A, Riedl B (2006) Dimensional stability of MDF panels produced from heat-treated fibres. Holzforschung 60(3):278–284\nGarrote G, Dominguez H, Parajo JC (1999) Hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials. Holz Roh Werkst 57:191–202\nGirio FM, Fonseca C, Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Marques S, Bogel-Łukasik R (2010) Hemicelluloses for fuel ethanol: a review. Bioresource Technol 101:4775–4800\nGlasser WG, Barnett CA, Muller PC, Sarkanen KV (1983) The chemistry of several novel bioconversion lignins. J Agr Food Chem 31(5):921–930\nGohar P, Guyonnet R (1998) Development of the retification process of wood at the industrial scale. The challenge safety and environment in wood preservation: (Cannes-Mandelieu, 2–3 Feb. 1998) Wood preservation. International symposium No. 4, Cannes-Mandelieu, France, pp 174–183\nHakkou M, Pétrissans M, Gérardin P, Zoulalian A (2006) Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood. Polym Degrad Stabil 91:393–397\nHann RA (1965) Process for reducing springback in pressed wood products. US Patent No. 3173460, March 16th, 1965\nHansen KK (1986) Sorption isotherms. A catalogue. Technical Report 162\u002F86, Department of Civil Engineering, The Technical University of Denmark\nHarris EE (1952) Wood hydrolysis. In: Wise LE, Jahn EC (eds) Wood chemistry, vol 2, 2nd edn. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York\nHeitz M, Carrasco F, Rubio M, Chauvette G, Chornet E, Jaulin L, Overend RP (1986) Generalized correlations for the aqueous liquefaction of lignocellulosics. Can J Chem Eng 64:647–650\nHendriks ATWM, Zeeman G (2009) Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technol 100:10–18\nHenuningson JA, Newman RH (1985) A CP\u002FMAS 13C NMR study of the effect of steam explosion processes on wood composition and structure. J Wood Chem Technol 5(2):159–188\nHietala S, Maunu SL, Sundholm F, Jämsä S, Viitaniemi P (2002) Structure of thermally modified wood studied by liquid state NMR measurements. Holzforschung 56(5):522–528\nHill C (2006) Wood modification. Chemical, thermal and other processes. Wiley, Chichester\nHill CAS, Xie Y-J (2010) The water vapour sorption kinetics of Sitka spruce at different temperatures analysed using the parallel exponential kinetics model. The Future of Quality Control for Wood & Wood Products’, 4–7th May 2010, Edinburgh The Final Conference of COST Action E53\nHill CAS, Ramsay J, Keating B, Laine K, Rautkari L, Hughes M, Constant B (2012) The water vapour sorption properties of thermally modified and densified wood. J Mater Sci 47:3191–3197\nHillis WE (1972) Review article formation and properties of some wood extractives. Phytochemistry 11:1207–1218\nHillis WE (1984) High temperature and chemical effects on wood stability. Part 1: general considerations. Wood Sci Technol 18:281–293\nHoekman SK, Broch A, Robbins C (2011) Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass. Energ Fuels 25:1802–1810\nHörmeyer HF, Tailliez P, Millet J, Girard H, Bonn G, Bobleter O, Aubert JP (1988) Ethanol production by Clostridium thermocellum grown on hydrothermally and organosolv-pretreated lignocellulosic materials. Appl Microbiol Biot 29(6):528–535\nHorn RA (1979) Bonding in press-dried sheets from high-yield pulps. The role of lignin and hemicellulose. Tappi 62(7):77–80\nHosseinaei O, Wang S, Rials TG, Xing C, Taylor AM, Kelley SS (2011) Effect of hemicellulose extraction on physical and mechanical properties and mold susceptibility of flakeboard. Forest Prod J 61(1):31–37\nHosseinaei O, Wang S, Enayati AA, Rials TG (2012a) Effects of hemicellulose extraction on properties of wood flour and wood–plastic composites. Compos Part A Appl S 43:686–694\nHosseinaei O, Wang S, Taylor AM, Kim J-W (2012b) Effect of hemicellulose extraction on water absorption and mold susceptibility of wood-plastic composites. Int Biodeter Biodegr 71:29–35\nHowell C, Paredes JJ, Jellison J (2009) Decay resistance properties of hot water extracted oriented strandboard. Wood Fiber Sci 41(2):201–208\nHsu WE (1986) Improved method of making dimensionally stable composite board and composite board produced by such method. Canadian Patent No. 1215510\nHsu WE, Schwald W, Schwald J, Shields JA (1988) Chemical and physical changes required for producing dimensionally stable wood-based composites, Part 1: steam pretreatment. Wood Sci Technol 22:281–289\nHsu WE, Schwald W, Shields JA (1989) Chemical and physical changes required for producing dimensionally stable wood-based composites. Wood Sci Technol 23(3):281–288\nIbach RE (2010) Specialty treatments. In: Wood Hanbook, Wood Handbook, Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Products Laboratory. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190. Madison, WI\nIbbett R, Gaddipati S, Davies S, Hill S, Tucker G (2011) The mechanisms of hydrothermal deconstruction of lignocellulose: new insights from thermal–analytical and complementary studies. Bioresource Technol 102:9272–9278\nInari GN, Petrissans M, Gerardin P (2007) Chemical reactivity of heat-treated wood. Wood Sci Technol 41:157–168\nIrle M, Barbu MC (2010) Wood-based panel technology. In: Thoemen H et al (eds) Wood-based panels. An introduction for specialists. Brunel University Press, London\nJämsä S, Viitaniemi P (2001) Heat treatment of wood—better durability without chemicals. In: Rapp AO (ed) Review on heat treatments of wood. Hamburg BFH, pp 19–24\nJohn MJ, Anandjiwala RD (2008) Recent developments in chemical modification and characterization of natural fiber-reinforced composites. Polym Compos 29(2):187–207\nJones D, Tjeerdsma B, Spear M, Hill C (2005) Properties of wood following treatment with a modified hot oil. In: European conference on wood modification, October 6th\u002F7th, Göttingen, Germany\nKalia S, Kaith BS, Kaur I (2009) Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites—a review. Polym Eng Sci 49(7):1253–1272\nKamdem DP, Pizzi A, Jermannaud A (2002) Durability of heat-treated wood. Holz Roh Werkst 60:1–6\nKeller A (2003) Compounding and mechanical properties of biodegradable hemp fibre composites. Compos Sci Technol 63:1307–1316\nKiel J (2007) torrefaction for biomass upgrading into commodity fuels. IEA bioenergy task 32 workshop on fuel stage, handling and preparation and system analysis for biomass combustion technologies, Berlin, May 7\nKim TH (2004) Bioconversion of lignocellulosic material into ethanol: pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanol fermentation, PhD Dissertation, Auburn University, Alabama\nKim JK, Pal K (2010) Recent advances in the processing of wood-plastic composites. Springer, Berlin\nKim DY, Nishiyama Y, Wada M, Kuga S, Okano T (2001) Thermal decomposition of cellulose crystallites in wood. Holzforschung 55(5):521–524\nKlüppel A, Mai C (2012) Effect of lignin and hemicelluloses on the tensile strength of micro-veneers determined at finite span and zero span. Holzforschung 66:493–496\nKlyosov A (2007) Wood-plastic composites. Wiley, Hoboken\nKobayashi N, Okada N, Hirakawa A, Sato T, Kobayashi J, Hatano S, Itaya Y, Mori S (2009) Characteristics of solid residues obtained from hot-compressed-water treatment of woody biomass. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:373–379\nKollmann FFP, Côté WA (2003) Principles of wood science and technology I. Solid wood, CBLS, Marietta, OH\nKollmann FFP, Kuenzi EW, Stamm AJ (1975) Principles of wood science and technology II. Wood based materials. Springer, New York\nLaemsak N, Okuma M (2000) Development of boards made from oil palm frond II: properties of binderless boards from steam-exploded fibers of oil palm frond. J Wood Sci 46:322–326\nLaine C (2005) Structures of hemicelluloses and pectins in wood and pulp. PhD Dissertation, Helsinki University of Technology (Espoo)\nLi X, Tabil LG, Panigrahi S (2007) Chemical treatments of natural fiber for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites: a review. J Polym Environ 15:25–33\nLi H, Saeed A, Jahan MS, Ni Y, van Heiningen A (2010) Hemicellulose removal from hardwood chips in the pre-hydrolysis step of the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process. J Wood Chem Technol 30(1):48–60\nLibra JA, Ro KS, Kammann C, Funke A, Berge ND, Neubauer Y et al (2011) Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: a comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis. Biofuels 2(1):89–124\nLiu S (2010) Woody biomass: niche position as a source of sustainable renewable chemicals and energy and kinetics of hot-water extraction\u002Fhydrolysis. Biotechnol Adv 28:563–582\nLu H, Hu R, Ward A, Amidon TE, Liang B, Liu S (2011) Hot-water extraction and its effect on soda pulping of aspen woodchips. Biomass Bioenerg 39:5–13\nLuo P, Yang C (2011) Binderless particleboard from steam exploded wheat straw. Adv Mater Res 179–180:807–811\nMaloney TM (1993) Modern particleboard and dry-process fiberboard manufacturing. Miller Freeman, Inc, San Francisco\nMamleev V, Bourbigot S, Le Bras M, Yvon J (2009) The facts and hypotheses relating to the phenomenological model of cellulose pyrolysis. Interdependence of the steps. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 84:1–17\nMancera C, El Mansouri N-E, Ferrando F, Salvado J (2011) The suitability of steam exploded Vitis vinifera and alkaline lignin for the manufacture of fiberboard. Bioresources 6(4):4439–4453\nMani S (2009) Integrating biomass torrefaction with thermo-chemical conversion processes. In: Proceedings of the 2009 AIChE annual meeting, Nashville, TN, Nov 8–13, Paper No. 160229\nMarchessault RH (1991) Steam explosion: a refining process for lignocellulosics. In: Focher et al. (eds) Steam explosion techniques. Fundamentals and Industrial Applications, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 1–19\nMason WH (1926) Process and apparatus for disintegration of wood and the like. US Patent 1578609\nMason WH (1928) Integral insulating board with hard welded surfaces. US Patent 1663506\nMason WH (1931) Process of manufacturing insulated board. US Patent 1812970\nMayes D, Oksanen O (2002) The Thermowood® Handbook. Finnforest, Finland\nMendes RF, Junior GB, Almeida NF, Surdi PG, Barbeiro IN (2013) Effect of thermal treatment on properties of OSB panels. Wood Sci Technol 47(2):243–256\nMilitz H (2002) Heat treatment technologies in Europe: scientific background and technological state-of-art. In: Proceedings of conference on “enhancing the durability of lumber and engineered wood products” February 11–13, Kissimmee, Orlando. Forest Products Society, Madison, US\nMilitz H, Tjeerdsma B (2001) Heat treatment of wood by the “Plato-Process” In: Rapp AO (ed) Review on heat treatments of wood. Hamburg BFH, pp 25–35\nMochidzuki K, Sakoda A, Suzuki M (2003) Liquid-phase thermogravimetric measurement of reaction kinetics of the conversion of biomass wastes in pressurized hot water: a kinetic study. Adv Environ Res 7:421–428\nMohebby B, Ilbeighi F, Kazemi-Najafi S (2008) Influence of hydrothermal modification of fibers on some physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF). Holz Roh Werkst 66:213–218\nMok WSL, Antal MJ (1992) Uncatalyzed solvolysis of whole biomass hemicellulose by hot compressed liquid water. Ind Eng Chem Res 31:1157–1161\nMorrell JJ, Stark NM, Pendleton DE, McDonald AG (2010) Durability of wood-plastic composites. In: 10th international conference on wood & biofiber plastic composites and cellulose nanocomposites symposium, May 11–13, Forest Products Society, Madison, WI\nMosier N, Wyman C, Dale B, Elander R, Lee YY, Holtzapple M, Ladisch M (2005a) Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technol 96:673–686\nMosier N, Hendrickson R, Ho N, Sedlak M, Ladisch MR (2005b) Optimization of pH controlled liquid hot water pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresource Technol 96:1986–1993\nMukhopadhyay S, Fangueiro R (2009) Physical modification of natural fibers and thermoplastic films for composites–A review. J Thermoplas Compos 22:135–162\nNabarlatz DA (2006) Autohydrolysis of agricultural by-products for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides. PhD Disseration, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona\nNavi P, Sandberg D (2012) Thermo-hydro-mechanical wood processing, 1st edn. EPFL Press, Boca Raton, FL\nNgueho Yemele MC, Cloutier A, Diouf PN, Koubaa A, Blanchet P, Stevanovic T (2008) Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from extracted black spruce and trembling aspen bark. Forest Prod J. 58(10):38–46\nNiemz P (2010) Water absorption of wood and wood-based panels–significant influencing factors. In: Thoemen H et al (eds) Wood-based panels. An introduction for specialists. Brunel University Press, London\nNiemz P, Hofmann T, Retfalvi T (2010) Investigation of chemical changes in the structure of wood thermally modified. In: Proceedings of the 11th international IUFRO wood drying conference, Skellefteå, Sweden, January 18–22\nNimlos MN, Brooking E, Looker MJ, Evans RJ (2003) Biomass torrefaction studies with a molecular beam mass spectrometer. Am Chem SocDiv Fuel Chem 48(2):590–591\nNzokou P, Kamdem DP (2004) Influence of wood extractives on moisture sorption and wettability of red oak (Quercus rubra), black cherry (Prunus serotina), and red pine (Pinus resinosa). Wood Fiber Sci 36(4):483–492\nÖhgren K, Bura R, Saddler J, Zacchi G (2007) Effect of hemicellulose and lignin removal on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam pretreated corn stover. Bioresource Technol 98:2503–2510\nOhlmeyer M, Lukowsky D (2004) Wood-based panels produced from thermal-treated materials: properties and perspectives. In: Conference on wood frame housing durability and disaster Issue, 4–6th Oct., Los Vegas, USA, pp 127–131\nOkino EYA, Teixeira DE, Del Menezzi CHS (2007) Post-thermal treatment of oriented strandboard (OSB) made from cypress (cupressus glauca lam.). Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnología 9(3):199–210\nÓrfão JJM, Antunes FJA, Figueiredo JL (1999) Pyrolysis kinetics of lignocellulosic materials–three independent reactions model. Fuel 78:349–358\nO’Sullivan AC (1997) Cellulose: the structure slowly unravels. Cellulose 4:173–207\nPapadopoulos AN, Hill CAS (2003) The sorption of water vapour by anhydride modified softwood. Wood Sci Technol 37:221–231\nParedes JJ (2009) The influence of hot water extraction on physical and mechanical properties of OSB. PhD Dissertation, The University of Maine\nParedes JJ, Jara R, Shaler SM, van Heiningen A (2008) Influence of hot water extraction on the physical and mechanical behavior of OSB. Forest Prod J 58(12):56–62\nParedes JJ, Mills R, Shaler SM, Gardner DJ, van Heiningen A (2009) Surface characterization of red maple strands after hot water extraction. Wood Fiber Sci 41(1):38–50\nParedes JJ, Shaler SM, Edgar R, Cole B (2010) Selected volatile organic compound emissions and performance of oriented strandboard from extracted southern pine. Wood Fiber Sci 42(4):429–438\nPaul W, Ohlmeyer M, Leithoff H, Boonstra MJ, Pizzi A (2006) Optimising the properties of OSB by a one-step heat pre-treatment process. Holz Roh Werkst 64:227–234\nPaul W, Ohlmeyer M, Leithoff H (2007) Thermal modification of OSB-strands by a one-step heat pre-treatment—influence of temperature on weight loss, hygroscopicity and improved fungal resistance. Holz Roh Werkst 65:57–63\nPelaez-Samaniego MR, Yadama V, Lowell E, Amidon T, Chaffee TL (2012) Hot water extracted wood fiber for production of wood plastic composites (WPCs). Holzforschung. doi:10.1515\u002Fhf-2012-0071\nPétrissans M, Géradin P, El-Bakali I, Seraj M (2003) Wettability of heat-treated wood. Holzforschung 57(3):301–307\nPettersen RC (1984) The chemical composition of wood. In: Rowell R (ed) The chemistry of solid wood. Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 57–126\nPfriem A, Zauer M, Wagenführ A (2010) Alteration of the unsteady sorption behaviour of maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) due to thermal modification. Holzforschung 64(2):235–241\nPhanphanich M, Mani S (2011) Impact of torrefaction on the grindability and fuel characteristics of forest biomass. Bioresource Technol 102:1246–1253\nPopper R, Niemz P, Eberle G (2002) Sorptions- und Quellungseigenschaften von verdichtetem Holz. Holzforschung und Holzverwertung. Wien 6:114–116\nPrins MJ, Ptasinski KJ, Janssen FJJG (2006) More efficient biomass gasification via torrefaction. Energy 31:3458–3470\nQuintana G, Velasquez J, Betancourt S, Gañá P (2009) Binderless fiberboard from steam exploded banana bunch. Ind Crop Prod 29:60–66\nRepellin V, Guyonnet R (2005) Evaluation of heat-treated wood swelling by differential scanning calorimetry in relation to chemical composition. Holzforschung 59(1):28–34\nRepellin V, Govin A, Rolland M, Guyonnet R (2010a) Modelling anhydrous weight loss of wood chips during torrefaction in a pilot kiln. Biomass Bioenerg 34:602–609\nRepellin V, Govin A, Rolland M, Guyonnet R (2010b) Energy requirement for fine grinding of torrefied wood. Biomass Bioenerg 34:923–930\nRowell RM (1983) Chemical modification of wood. Forest Prod Abstracts 6(12):363–382\nRowell RM (1991) High performance composites made from chemically modified wood and other lignocellulosic fibers. In: Sixth international symposium on wood and pulping chemistry proceedings, vol 1, Melbourne, Australia, pp 341–344\nRowell RM (2005a) Chemical modification of wood. In: Rowel RM (ed) Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 381–420\nRowell RM (2005b) Moisture properties. In: Rowell RM (ed) Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 77–98\nRowell RM (2007) Chemical modification of wood. In: Fakirov S, Bhattacharyya D (eds) Handbook of engineering biopolymers, homopolymers, blends, and composites. Hanser Gardner Publications, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, pp 673–691\nRowell RM, Kawai S, Inoue M (1995) Dimensionally stabilized, very low density fiberboard. Wood Fiber Sci 27(4):428–436\nRowell R, Lange S, McSweeny J, Davis M (2002) Modification of wood fiber using steam. In: Proceedings of the 6th Pacific RIM bio-based composites symposium and workshop of the chemical modification of cellulosics, vol 2, Portland, OR\nRue JD (1925) Paper Trade J, TAPPI Sec. 81:154–157\nRutherford DW, Wershaw RL, Cox LG (2005) Changes in composition and porosity occurring during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components. Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5292, US Geological Survey, Reston, VA\nSaha BC (2003) Hemicellulose bioconversion. J Ind Microbiol Biot 30:279–291\nSandoval-Torres S, Jomaa W, Marc F, Puiggali J-R (2010) Causes of color changes in wood during drying. For Stud China 12(4):167–175\nSannigrahi P, Kim DH, Jung S, Ragauskas A (2011) Pseudo-lignin and pretreatment chemistry. Energy Env Sci 4(4):1306–1310\nSanyer N, Chidester GH (1963) Manufacture of wood pulp. In: Browning BL (ed) The chemistry of wood. Interscience Publishers, New York\nSattler C, Labbe N, Harper D, Elder T, Rials T (2008) Effects of hot water extraction on physical and chemical characteristics of oriented strand board (OSB) wood flakes. Clean 36(8):674–681\nScheller HV, Ulvskov P (2010) Hemicelluloses. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61:263–289\nSchultz TP, Blermann CJ, McGlnnis GD (1983) Steam explosion of mixed hardwood chips as a biomass pretreatment. Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 22:344–348\nSchütt F, Westereng B, Horn SJ, Puls J, Saake B (2012) Steam refining as an alternative to steam explosion. Bioresource Technol 111:476–481\nSchwald W, Brownell HH, Saddler JN (1988) Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam treated aspen wood: influence of partial hemicellulose and lignin removal prior to pretreatment. J Wood Chem Technol 8(4):543–560\nSekino N, Inoue M, Irle M, Adcock T (1999) The mechanisms behind the improved dimensional stability of particleboards made from steam-pretreated particles. Holzforschung 53:435–440\nSelig MJ, Viamajala S, Decker SR, Tucker MP, Himmel ME, Vinzant TB (2007) Deposition of lignin droplets produced during dilute acid pretreatment of maize stems retards enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Biotechnol Prog 23:1333–1339\nShafizadeh F (1984) The chemistry of pyrolysis and combustion. In: Rowell R (ed) Advances in chemistry series. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC\nShao S, Jin Z, Wen G, Iiyama K (2009) Thermo characteristics of steam-exploded bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) lignin. Wood Sci Technol 43:643–652\nSharp JA (1969) Process for preparing a particle board using a self-releasing binder comprising a polyisocyanate and a sulfur-containing release agent. United States Patent No. 3440189\nShebani AN, van Reenen AJ, Meincken M (2008) The effect of wood extractives on the thermal stability of different wood species. Thermochim Acta 471:43–50\nShen J, Wang X-S, Garcia-Perez M, Mourant D, Rhodes MJ, Li Z-S (2009) Effects of particle size on the fast pyrolysis of oil mallee woody biomass. Fuel 88:1810–1817\nShi JL, Kocaefe D, Zhang J (2007) Mechanical behaviour of Quebec wood species heat-treated using ThermoWood process. Holz Roh Werkst 65:255–259\nSjöström E (1981) Wood chemistry. Fundamentals and applications. Academic Press, Orlando, FL\nSkaar C (1972) Water in wood, 1st edn. Syracuse University Press, NY\nSkaar C (1984) Wood-water relationships. In: Rowell R (ed) The chemistry of solid wood. Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 127–172\nSmith AJ (2011) Hot water extraction and subsequent Kraft pulping of pine wood chips. PhD Thesis, Auburn University, Auburn, AL\nStamm AJ (1952) Surface properties of cellulosic materials. In: Wise LE, Jahn EC (eds) Wood chemistry, vol 2, 2nd edn. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York\nStamm AJ (1956) Thermal degradation of wood and cellulose. Ind Eng Chem 48(3):413–417\nStamm AJ, Hansen LA (1937) Minimizing wood shrinkage and swelling. Effect of heating in various gases. Ind Eng Chem 29 (7):831–833\nStanzl-Tschegg S, Beikircher W, Loidl D (2009) Comparison of mechanical properties of thermally modified wood at growth ring and cell wall level by means of instrumented indentation tests. Holzforschung 63(4):443–448\nStartsev OV, Salin BN, Skuridin YG, Utemesov RM, Nasonov AD (1999) Physical properties and molecular mobility of the new wood composite plastic “thermobalite”. Wood Sci Technol 33:73–83\nSuchsland O (2004) The swelling and shrinking of sood. A practical technology primer. Forest Products Society, Madison, WI\nSuchsland O, Enlow RC (1968) Heat treatment of exterior particleboard. Forest Prod J 18(8):24–28\nSuchsland O, Woodson GE (1986) Fiberboard manufacturing practices in the United States, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 640\nSuchsland O, Woodson GE, McMillin CW (1987) Effect of cooking conditions on fiber bonding in dry-formed binderless hardboard. Forest Prod J 37(11\u002F12):66–69\nSuhas PJMC, Ribeiro MMLC (2007) Lignin–from natural adsorbent to activated carbon: a review. Bioresource Technol 98:2301–2312\nSun Y, Cheng J (2002) Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. Bioresource Technol 83:1–11\nSundqvist B (2002) Color response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescens) subjected to heat treatment in capillary phase. Holz Roh Werkst 60:106–114\nSundqvist B (2004) Color changes and acid formation in wood during heating. PhD Disseration, Division of Wood Materials Science, Skelleftea Campus, Lulea University of Technology, Skelleftea, Sweden\nSuzuki S, Shintani H, Park SK, Saito K, Lemsak N, Okuma M, Iiyama K (1998) Preparation of binderless boards from steam-exploded pulps of oil palm (Elaeis guneenisis Jaxq.) fronds and structural characteristics of lignin and wall polysaccharides in stem exploded pulps to be discussed for selfbindings. Holzforschung 52:417–426\nSvoboda K, Pohořelý M, Hartman M, Martinec J (2009) Pretreatment and feeding of biomass for pressurized entrained flow gasification. Fuel Process Technol 90:629–635\nSweet MS, Winandy JE (1999) Influence of degree of polymerization of cellulose and hemicellulose on strength loss in fire-retardant-treated southern pine. Holzforschung 53:311–317\nTaherzadeh MJ, Karimi K (2008) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production: a review. Int J Mol Sci 9:1621–1651\nTakatani M, Ito H, Ohsugi S, Kitayama T, Saegusa M, Kawai S, Okamoto T (2000a) Effect of lignocellulosic materials on the properties of thermoplastic polymer\u002Fwood composites. Holzforschung 54:197–200\nTakatani M, Kato O, Kitayama T, Okamoto T, Tanahashi M (2000b) Effect of adding steam-exploded wood flour to thermoplastic polymer\u002Fwood composite. J Wood Sci 46:210–214\nTanahashi M (1990) Characterization and degradation mechanisms of wood components by steam explosion and utilization of exploded wood. Wood Res 77:49–117\nTaylor A, Hosseinaei O, Wang S (2008) Mold susceptibility of oriented strandboard made with extracted flakes. International research group on wood protection, IRG\u002FWP 08-40402\nThomas RJ (1977) Wood: structure and chemical composition. In: Goldstein I (ed) Wood technology: chemical aspects. ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 1–23\nTiemann HD (1915) The effect of different methods of drying on the strength of wood. Lumber World Rev 28(7):19–20\nTjeerdsma BF, Militz H (2005) Chemical changes in hydrothermal treated wood: FTIR analysis of combined hydrothermal and dry heat-treated wood. Holz Roh Werkst 63:102–111\nTjeerdsma BF, Boonstra M, Pizzi A, Tekely P, Militz H (1998) Characterisation of thermally modified wood: molecular reasons for wood performance improvement. Holz Roh Werkst 56:149–153\nTjeerdsma BF, Swager P, Horstman BJ, Holleboom BW, Homan WJ (2005) Process development of treatment of wood with modified hot oil. In: European conference on wood modification, October 6–7, Göttingen, Germany\nTsoumis G (1991) Science and technology of wood. Structure, properties, utilization. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York\nTumuluru JS, Sokhansanj S, Hess JR, Wright CT, Boardman RD (2011) A review on biomass torrefaction process and product properties for energy applications. Indu Biotechnol 7(5):384–401\nTunc M, van Heiningen ARP (2008) Hemicellulose extraction of mixed southern hardwood with water at 150 °C: effect of time. Ind Eng Chem Res 47(18):7031–7037\nTurner I, Rousset P, Rémond R, Perré P (2010) An experimental and theoretical investigation of the thermal treatment of wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the range 200–260 °C. Int J Heat Mass Tran 53:715–725\nvan der Stelt MJC, Gerhauser H, Kiel JHA, Ptasinski KJ (2011) Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: a review. Biomass Bioener 35:3748–3762\nVelasquez JA, Ferrando F, Salvado J (2003) Effects of kraft lignin addition in the production of binderless fiberboard from steam exploded Miscanthus sinensis. Ind Crops Products 18:17–23\nVignon MR, Dupeyre D, Garcia-Jaldon C (1996) Morphological characterization of steam exploded hemp fibers and their utilization in polypropylene-based composites. Bioresource Technol 58:203–215\nVila C, Romero J, Francisco JL, Garrote G, Parajó JC (2011) Extracting value from Eucalyptus wood before kraft pulping: effects of hemicelluloses solubilization on pulp properties. Bioresource Technol 102:5251–5254\nWalton SL (2009) Biological conversion of hemicellulose extract into value-added fuels and chemicals. PhD Dissertation, University of Maine\nWang GS, Pan XJ, Zhu JY, Gleisner R, Rockwood D (2009) Sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust enzymatic saccharification of hardwoods. Biotechnol Prog 25(4):1086–1094\nWang X, Bergman R, Brashaw BK, Meyers S, Joyal M (2011) Heat treatment of firewood—meeting the phytosanitary requirements. General technical report FPL-GTR-200. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, 34 p\nWeil JR, Sarikaya A, Rau S-L, Goetz J, Ladisch CM, Brewer M, Hendrickson R, Ladisch MR (1998) Pretreatment of corn fiber by pressure cooking in water. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 73:1–17\nWeiland JJ, Guyonnet R (2003) Study of chemical modifications and fungi degradation of thermally modified wood using DRIFT spectroscopy. Holz Roh Werkst 61:216–220\nWestin M, Larsson-Brelid P, Segerholm BK, van den Oever M (2008) Wood plastic composites from modified wood, part 3. Durability in laboratory decay tests. Document No. IRG\u002FWP 08–40423. In: The international research group on wood protection, section 4 processes and properties, 39th annual meeting, Istanbul, Turkey, 25–29 May\nWhite MS, Ifju G, Johnson JA (1974) The role of extractives in the hydrophobic behavior of loblolly pine rhytidome. Wood Fiber Sci 5(4):353–363\nWidyorini R, Xu J, Watanabe T, Kawai S (2005) Chemical changes in steam-pressed kenaf core binderless particleboard. J Wood Sci 51:26–32\nWinandy JA, Rowell RM (1984) The chemistry of wood strength. In: Rowell RM (ed) The chemistry of solid wood. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 211–255\nWindeisen E, Bächle H, Zimmer B, Wegener G (2009) Relations between chemical changes and mechanical properties of thermally treated wood 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28. Holzforschung 63(6):773–778\nXiao L-P, Sun Z-J, Shi Z-J, Xu F, Sun R-C (2011) Impact of hot compressed water pretreatment on the structural changes of woody biomass for bioethanol production. Bioresources 6(2):1576–1598\nXie Y, Hill CAS, Xiao Z, Militz H, Mai C (2010) Silane coupling agents used for natural fiber\u002Fpolymer composites: a review. Compos Part A Appl S 41:806–819\nYan W, Acharjee TC, Coronella CJ, Vasquez VR (2009) Thermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Environ Progr Sustain Energy 28(3):435–440\nYan W, Hastings JT, Acharjee TC, Coronella CJ, Vasquez VR (2010) Mass and energy balances of wet torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass. Energ Fuel 24:4738–4742\nYang B, Wyman CE (2008) Pretreatment: the key to unlocking low-cost cellulosic ethanol. Biofuel Bioprod Bior 2:26–40\nYoungquist JA, English BE, Scharmer RC, Chow P, Shook SR (1994) Literature review on use of nonwood plant fibers for building materials and panels. General technical report FPL-GTR-80. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, 146 p\nZakzeski J, Bruijnincx PCA, Jongerius AL, Weckhuysen BM (2010) The catalytic valorization of lignin for the production of renewable chemicals. Chem Rev 110:3552–3599\nZhang X, Renshu L, Weihong W, Anbin P (1997) Heat post-treatment to reduce thickness swelling of particleboard from fast-growing poplars. J Forestry Res-China 8(3):188–190\nZhang Y, Hosseinaei O, Wang S, Zhou Z (2011) Influence of hemicellulose extraction on water uptake behavior of wood strands. Wood Fiber Sci 43(3):244–250\nZheng Y, Pan Z, Zhang R, Jenkins BM, Blunk S (2006) Properties of medium-density particleboard from saline Athel wood. Ind Crop Prod 23:318–326\nZhu JY, Pan XJ (2010) Woody biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol: technology and energy consumption evaluation. Bioresource Technol 100:4992–5002\nZwart RWR, Boerrigter H, van der Drift H (2006) The impact of biomass pretreatment on the feasibility of overseas biomass conversion to Fischer-Tropsch products. Energ Fuel 20:2192–2197",{"VOID":675},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-013-0574-3","2024-05-08T12:32:35.120+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-013-0574-3",[679,704,729,744],{"id":680,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":681,"affiliations":682,"properties":699,"displayName":701,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"8dbe677d-14b3-4acd-b6b4-2346e805dad7",[137],[683,691],{"id":684,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":685,"properties":18},"a4a7c9cc-7cda-42c2-849a-590c632471cf",{"id":684,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":686,"slug":18,"properties":687,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":690,"statistic":18},[],{"title":688},{"VI":689},"Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, USA",[],{"id":692,"sortIndex":102,"affiliation":693,"properties":18},"b2d197dd-bd22-440e-bef4-9e1fc7a8dadc",{"id":692,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":694,"slug":18,"properties":695,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":698,"statistic":18},[],{"title":696},{"VI":697},"Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador",[],{"title":700,"gsAuthor":702},{"VI":701},"Manuel Raul Pelaez-Samaniego",{"VOID":703},"[\"GVP4uccAAAAJ\"]",{"id":705,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":706,"affiliations":707,"properties":724,"displayName":726,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"848ae711-837e-4654-9b8a-9c4e72c87de4",[137],[708,716],{"id":709,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":710,"properties":18},"1b23579b-df8f-4851-829a-2d99bb4462bc",{"id":709,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":711,"slug":18,"properties":712,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":715,"statistic":18},[],{"title":713},{"VI":714},"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, USA",[],{"id":717,"sortIndex":102,"affiliation":718,"properties":18},"5188f819-9e05-4430-a401-11eeafd035a1",{"id":717,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":719,"slug":18,"properties":720,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":723,"statistic":18},[],{"title":721},{"VI":722},"Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, USA",[],{"title":725,"gsAuthor":727},{"VI":726},"Vikram Yadama",{"VOID":728},"[\"rcl0IkkAAAAJ\"]",{"id":730,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":731,"affiliations":732,"properties":741,"displayName":743,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"4e3d28a2-db42-4904-bbd8-4bc4e15aeec1",[137],[733],{"id":734,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":735,"properties":18},"f1e3eaa4-dcd5-4246-ae1e-543201d2f436",{"id":734,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":736,"slug":18,"properties":737,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":740,"statistic":18},[],{"title":738},{"EN":739},"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, USA",[],{"title":742},{"VI":743},"Eini Lowell",{"id":745,"sortIndex":333,"researcher":18,"roles":746,"affiliations":747,"properties":756,"displayName":758,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"d7c04cda-e17f-4a20-939d-86b974ff50f8",[137],[748],{"id":749,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":750,"properties":18},"99e140f6-2e25-4188-875e-5c4ea757ed76",{"id":749,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":751,"slug":18,"properties":752,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":755,"statistic":18},[],{"title":753},{"VI":754},"Faculty of Wood Technology, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico",[],{"title":757},{"VI":758},"Raul Espinoza-Herrera",{"url":677,"publisher":760,"properties":813},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":761,"slug":10,"properties":762,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":765,"manageAffiliations":782,"indexDatabases":793,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":808,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":763,"title":764},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[766,770,774,778],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":767,"label":768,"description":769,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":771,"label":772,"description":773,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":775,"label":776,"description":777,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":779,"label":780,"description":781,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[783,788],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":784,"slug":18,"properties":785,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":787,"statistic":18},[],{"title":786},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":789,"slug":18,"properties":790,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":792,"statistic":18},[],{"title":791},{"EN":58},[60],[794,801],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":795,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":800,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":796,"label":797,"description":798,"key":72,"publicationTags":799,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":802,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":807,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":803,"label":804,"description":805,"key":89,"publicationTags":806,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":809,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":810,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":811,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":812,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":814,"volume":816},{"VOID":815},"1285-1319",{"VOID":817},"47",{"total":19,"publishYear":819,"statisticByYear":820},2013,{},"2013-07-27",[74,99],{"id":824,"createTime":825,"updateTime":826,"relativeEntities":827,"slug":828,"properties":829,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":838,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":839,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":840,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":869,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":928,"publishDate":931,"publishYear":929,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":826,"indexDatabases":932,"openAccess":18,"references":933,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"cfba2888-8663-4560-80a1-10ac3115852a","2024-02-07T08:13:47.637+00:00","2026-07-21T03:02:16.723+00:00",[],"Elasticity-of-wood-and-wood-polymer-composites-in-tension-compression-and-bending",{"abstract":830,"title":832,"gsPaper":834,"doi":836},{"EN":831},"The ratio of tensile to compressive modulus of elasticity for untreated basswood was approx. 1.9 and for untreated sugar maple approx. 1.3. It approached 1.1 with high polymer loadings. The method of transformed sections gave good estimates of along the grain, tensile, compressive and bending elastic values for maple wood and maple wood polymer composite.",{"EN":833},"Elasticity of wood and wood polymer composites in tension compression and bending",{"VOID":835},"[\"17224744884664186282\"]",{"VOID":837},"10.1007\u002FBF00226175","2024-05-07T18:20:38.426+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00226175",[841,856],{"id":842,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":843,"affiliations":844,"properties":853,"displayName":855,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"5a1cb154-1303-4b3f-bec0-ce0b4a4fd558",[137],[845],{"id":846,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":847,"properties":18},"39a36468-af91-4d75-859a-ff50626ca843",{"id":846,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":848,"slug":18,"properties":849,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":852,"statistic":18},[],{"title":850},{"EN":851},"Faculty of Forestry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada",[],{"title":854},{"VI":855},"M. H. Schneider",{"id":857,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":858,"affiliations":859,"properties":866,"displayName":868,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"77a39e4f-ccde-4af2-9e37-6c869d79bfd2",[137],[860],{"id":846,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":861,"properties":18},{"id":846,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":862,"slug":18,"properties":863,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":865,"statistic":18},[],{"title":864},{"EN":851},[],{"title":867},{"VI":868},"J. G. Phillips",{"url":839,"publisher":870,"properties":923},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":871,"slug":10,"properties":872,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":875,"manageAffiliations":892,"indexDatabases":903,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":918,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":873,"title":874},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[876,880,884,888],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":877,"label":878,"description":879,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":881,"label":882,"description":883,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":885,"label":886,"description":887,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":889,"label":890,"description":891,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[893,898],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":894,"slug":18,"properties":895,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":897,"statistic":18},[],{"title":896},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":899,"slug":18,"properties":900,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":902,"statistic":18},[],{"title":901},{"EN":58},[60],[904,911],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":905,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":910,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":906,"label":907,"description":908,"key":72,"publicationTags":909,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":912,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":917,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":913,"label":914,"description":915,"key":89,"publicationTags":916,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":919,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":920,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":921,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":922,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":924,"volume":926},{"VOID":925},"361-364",{"VOID":927},"25",{"total":19,"publishYear":929,"statisticByYear":930},1991,{},"1991-07-01",[74,99],[934,937,940,946,949,952,955,958],{"id":18,"text":935,"url":18,"identifiers":936},"Beer, F. P.; Johnston, Jr. E. R. 1985: Mechanics of materials, SI metric edition. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.",{},{"id":18,"text":938,"url":18,"identifiers":939},"Brebner, K. I.; Schneider, M. H., St-Pierre, L. E. 1985: Flexural strength of polymer-impregnated eastern white pine. Forest Prod. J. 35 (2): 22–27",{},{"id":941,"text":942,"url":943,"identifiers":944},"4c68646b-0035-4279-8000-0006b275d4fa","Brebner, K. I.; Schneider, M. H.; Jones, R. T. 1988: The influence of moisture content on the flexural strength of styrene-polymerized wood. Forest Prod J. 38(4): 55–58","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":945},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":18,"text":947,"url":18,"identifiers":948},"Garfinkel, G. 1973: Wood engineering. New Orleans: Southern Forest Products Association",{},{"id":941,"text":950,"url":943,"identifiers":951},"Jones, R. M. 1977: Stress-strain relations for materials with different moduli in tension and compression. AIAA Journal 15: 16–23",{"doi":945},{"id":18,"text":953,"url":18,"identifiers":954},"Kollmann, F. F. P.; Côté, W. A. 1968: Principles of wood science and technology. Vol. 1: Solid wood. Berlin: Springer Verlag",{},{"id":18,"text":956,"url":18,"identifiers":957},"Langwig, J. E.: Meyer, J. A.; Davidson, R. W. 1968: Influence of polymer impregnation on mechanical properties of basswood. Forest Prod. J. 18(7): 31–36",{},{"id":941,"text":959,"url":943,"identifiers":960},"Schneider, M. H.; Phillips, J. G.; Tingley, D. A.; Brebner, K. I. 1989: Mechanical properties of polymer impregnated sugar maple. Forest Prod J. 40(1): 37–41",{"doi":945},{"id":962,"createTime":963,"updateTime":964,"relativeEntities":965,"slug":966,"properties":967,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":978,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":979,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":980,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":1105,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1164,"publishYear":1165,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1166,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":1167,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"c91e85d9-3b5c-4b4a-8145-4ef698d65292","2024-01-19T17:30:30.124+00:00","2026-07-17T22:16:22.512+00:00",[],"Edge-glued-wooden-panel-defect-detection-using-deep-learning",{"abstract":968,"title":970,"gsPaper":972,"references":974,"doi":976},{"EN":969},"The wood-based furniture manufacturing industries prioritize quality of production to meet higher market demands. Identifying various types of edge-glued wooden panel defects are a challenge for a human worker or a camera. Several studies have shown that the detection of edge-glued defects with low, high, normal, overlong, short is identified but detection of residue and bluntness is highly challenging. Thus, the present model identifies defects of low, high, normal, overlong, short by computer vision and\u002For deep learning, whereas defects of residue and bluntness by deep learning based decide by pass for having better performance. The goal of this paper is to provide an improved defect detection solution for wood-based furniture manufacturing industries by process automation. Therefore, a system was designed that takes defect input images from a camera as raw image and laser-aligned image for defect detection of the edge-glued wooden panel. The process automation then performs computer vision-based image features extraction with deep learning for defect detection. The aim of this paper is to solve edge-glued defect detection problems by using design and implementation of edge-glued wooden defect detection, that can be stated as edge-glued wooden panel defect detection using deep learning (WDD-DL) for process automation by artificial intelligence and Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) consolidation. Possibly there exist several types of defects on the edges while edge-banding on the wooden panel in furniture manufacturing. Therefore, the scope is to achieve higher accuracy by raw image and laser-aligned image feature extraction using deep learning algorithms for final result defect classification in WDD-DL by AOI. The WDD-DL system uses Gabor, Harris corner, morphology, structured light detection and curvature calculation for pre-processing and InceptionResnetV2 Convolutional Neural Network algorithm to attain the best results. The applications of this work can be found in quality control of the furniture manufacturing industry for an edge, corner, joint defect detection of the wooden panels. The WDD-DL achieves best results as the precision, recall and F1 score are 0.97, 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The experiments demonstrate higher accuracy achievement as compared to other methods with overkill and escape rate analysis. Ultimately, the discussion section provides an interesting experience sharing about the necessary factors for implementing the WDD-DL in real-time industrial operations.\n",{"EN":971},"Edge-glued wooden panel defect detection using deep learning",{"VOID":973},"[\"18186629282902226822\"]",{"VOID":975},"Abdullah ND, Hashim UR, Ahmad S, Salahuddin L (2020) Analysis of texture features for wood defect classification. Bul Electr Eng Inf 9(1):121–128\nAkiba T, Suzuki S, Fukuda K (2017) Extremely large minibatch sgd: training resnet-50 on imagenet in 15 minutes. arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.04325\nAleksi I, Sušac F, Matić T (2019) Features extraction and texture defect detection of sawn wooden board images. In: 2019 27th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR), IEEE, pp 1–4\nBlock SB, da Silva RDD, Dorini L, Minetto R (2020) Inspection of imprint defects in stamped metal surfaces using deep learning and tracking. IEEE Trans Ind Electron. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002FTIE.2020.2984453\nCao J, Zhang J, Wen Z, Wang N, Liu X (2017) Fabric defect inspection using prior knowledge guided least squares regression. Multimed Tools Appl 76(3):4141–4157\nChang Z, Cao J, Zhang Y (2018) A novel image segmentation approach for wood plate surface defect classification through convex optimization. J For Res 29(6):1789–1795\nChen H, Hu Q, Zhai B, Chen H, Liu K (2020) A robust weakly supervised learning of deep conv-nets for surface defect inspection. Neural Comput Appl 32:11229–11244\nChen N, Men X, Han X, Wang X, Sun J, Chen H (2018) Edge detection based on machine vision applying to laminated wood edge cutting process. In: 2018 13th IEEE conference on industrial electronics and applications (ICIEA), IEEE, pp 449–454\nContreras Masse R (2019) Application of iot with haptics interface in the smart manufacturing industry. Instituto de Ingenierıa y Tecnologıa\nCzimmermann T, Ciuti G, Milazzo M, Chiurazzi M, Roccella S, Oddo CM, Dario P (2020) Visualbased defect detection and classification approaches for industrial applications-a survey. Sensors 20(5):1459\nDerpanis KG (2004) The harris corner detector. York University, 2\nFang Y, Lin L, Feng H, Lu Z, Emms GW (2017) Review of the use of air-coupled ultrasonic technologies for nondestructive testing of wood and wood products. Comput Electron Agric 137:79–87\nFu S, Kauppila O, Mottonen M (2011) Measurement system escape and overkill rate analysis. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 57(9–12):1079\nGao Y, Gao L, Li X, Wang XV (2019) A multilevel information fusion-based deep learning method for vision-based defect recognition. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 69(7):3980–3991\nHao R, Lu B, Cheng Y, Li X, Huang B (2020) A steel surface defect inspection approach towards smart industrial monitoring. J Intell Manuf 32:1833–1843\nHashim UR, Hashim SZM, Muda AK (2016) Performance evaluation of multivariate texture descriptor for classification of timber defect. Optik 127(15):6071–6080\nHe K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 770–778\nHe T, Liu Y, Xu C, Zhou X, Hu Z, Fan J (2019) A fully convolutional neural network for wood defect location and identification. IEEE Access 7:123453–123462\nHe T, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhao Q, Hu Z (2020) Application of deep convolutional neural network on feature extraction and detection of wood defects. Measurement 152:107357\nHe Y, Song K, Meng Q, Yan Y (2019) An end-to-end steel surface defect detection approach via fusing multiple hierarchical features. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 69(4):1493–1504\nHu J, Song W, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Yilmaz A (2019) Deep learning for use in lumber classification tasks. Wood Sci Technol 53(2):505–517\nKuang H, Ding Y, Li R, Liu X (2018) Defect detection of bamboo strips based on lbp and glcm features by using svm classifier. In: 2018 Chinese control and decision conference (CCDC), IEEE, pp 3341–3345\nKumar A, Pang GK (2002a) Defect detection in textured materials using gabor filters. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 38(2):425–440\nKumar A, Pang GK (2002b) Defect detection in textured materials using optimized filters. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B (Cybernetics) 32(5):553–570\nLi C, Zhang Y, Tu W, Jun C, Liang H, Yu H (2017) Soft measurement of wood defects based on lda feature fusion and compressed sensor images. J For Res 28(6):1285–1292\nLi S, Li D, Yuan W (2019) Wood defect classification based on two-dimensional histogram constituted by lbp and local binary differential excitation pattern. IEEE Access 7:145829–145842\nMu H, Zhang M, Qi D, Ni H (2015) The application of rbf neural network in the wood defect detection. Int J Hybrid Inf Technol 8(2):41–50\nPark J, Kim C, Na J, Yi J, Turk M (2008) Using structured light for efficient depth edge detection. Image Vision Comput 26(11):1449–1465\nRahiddin RNN, Hashim UR, Ismail NH, Salahuddin L, Choon NH, Zabri SN (2020) Classification of wood defect images using local binary pattern variants. Int J Adv Intell Inform 6(1):36–45\nRussakovsky O, Deng J, Su H, Krause J, Satheesh S, Ma S, Bernstein M et al (2015) Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge. Int J Comput Vis 115(3):211–252\nSindagi VA, Srivastava S (2015) Oled panel defect detection using local inlier-outlier ratios and modified lbp. In: 2015 14th IAPR international conference on machine vision applications (MVA), IEEE, pp 214–217\nSong W, Chen T, Gu Z, Gai W, Huang W, Wang B (2015) Wood materials defects detection using image block percentile color histogram and eigenvector texture feature. In: First international conference on information sciences, machinery, materials and energy, Atlantis Press, pp 779–783\nSugiarto B, Arifin MR, Laluma RH, Prakasa E, Azwar AG et al (2020) An improved wood identification accuracy using gaussian pyramid and laplacian edge detection based on android smartphone. In: 2020 14th international conference on telecommunication systems, services, and applications (TSSA), IEEE, pp 1–5\nThumm A, Riddell M (2017) Resin defect detection in appearance lumber using 2d nir spectroscopy. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 75(6):995–1002\nTong H, Ng H, Yap T, Ahmad W, Fauzi M (2017) Evaluation of feature extraction and selection techniques for the classification of wood defect images. J Eng Appl Sci 12(3):602–608\nUrbonas A, Raudonis V, Maskeliūnas R, Damaševičius R (2019) Automated identification of wood veneer surface defects using faster region-based convolutional neural network with data augmentation and transfer learning. Appl Sci 9(22):4898\nWang J, Li Q, Gan J, Yu H, Yang X (2019) Surface defect detection via entity sparsity pursuit with intrinsic priors. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 16(1):141–150\nWells L, Gazo R, Del Re R, Krs V, Benes B (2018) Defect detection performance of automated hardwood lumber grading system. Comput Electron Agric 155:487–495\nWen W, Xia A (1999) Verifying edges for visual inspection purposes. Pattern Recognit Lett 20(3):315–328\nWenshu L, Lijun S, Jinzhuo W (2015) Study on wood board defect detection based on artificial neural network. Open Autom Control Syst J. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2174\u002F1874444301507010290\nYang H, Yu L (2017) Feature extraction of wood-hole defects using wavelet-based ultrasonic testing. J For Res 28(2):395–402\nYun JP, Lee SJ, Koo G, Shin C, Park C (2019) Automatic defect inspection system for steel products with exhaustive dynamic encoding algorithm for searches. Opt Eng 58(2):023107\nZhang Y, Davison BD (2019) Modified distribution alignment for domain adaptation with pre-trained inception resnet. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.02322",{"VOID":977},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-021-01316-3","2024-06-26T14:07:00.582+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-021-01316-3",[981,998,1015,1035,1050,1063,1076,1089],{"id":982,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":983,"affiliations":984,"properties":993,"displayName":995,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"6b448a5a-bd14-4bf9-8a2f-e0e9759dbbbe",[137],[985],{"id":986,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":987,"properties":18},"932e9a3b-ffc3-441a-93af-2b0015349b53",{"id":986,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":988,"slug":18,"properties":989,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":992,"statistic":18},[],{"title":990},{"VI":991},"Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)",[],{"title":994,"gsAuthor":996},{"VI":995},"Lun-Chi Chen",{"VOID":997},"[\"XrNOOzQAAAAJ\"]",{"id":999,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":1000,"affiliations":1001,"properties":1010,"displayName":1012,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"1f4e8dd0-407a-4e1c-994d-6e7f9ca51e95",[137],[1002],{"id":1003,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1004,"properties":18},"cc6e89c7-6736-4eb5-a63c-c5a48a684f20",{"id":1003,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1005,"slug":18,"properties":1006,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1009,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1007},{"VI":1008},"DDS-THU AI Center, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)",[],{"title":1011,"gsAuthor":1013},{"VI":1012},"Mayuresh Sunil Pardeshi",{"VOID":1014},"[\"K4EKQ2AAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1016,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":1017,"affiliations":1018,"properties":1032,"displayName":1034,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"5177e6aa-b79e-4225-a1fe-870c4fe85221",[137],[1019,1025],{"id":986,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1020,"properties":18},{"id":986,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1021,"slug":18,"properties":1022,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1024,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1023},{"VI":991},[],{"id":1003,"sortIndex":102,"affiliation":1026,"properties":1031},{"id":1003,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1027,"slug":18,"properties":1028,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1030,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1029},{"VI":1008},[],{},{"title":1033},{"VI":1034},"Win-Tsung Lo",{"id":1036,"sortIndex":333,"researcher":18,"roles":1037,"affiliations":1038,"properties":1045,"displayName":1047,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"67bc2a4e-1c87-46c8-a5c6-3372c812dfb5",[137],[1039],{"id":986,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1040,"properties":18},{"id":986,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1041,"slug":18,"properties":1042,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1044,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1043},{"VI":991},[],{"title":1046,"gsAuthor":1048},{"VI":1047},"Ruey-Kai Sheu",{"VOID":1049},"[\"NiiqhA0AAAAJ\"]",{"id":1051,"sortIndex":353,"researcher":18,"roles":1052,"affiliations":1053,"properties":1060,"displayName":1062,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"5febb9ad-bb0e-4673-b17c-4eb9dff7d943",[137],[1054],{"id":986,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1055,"properties":18},{"id":986,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1056,"slug":18,"properties":1057,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1059,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1058},{"VI":991},[],{"title":1061},{"VI":1062},"Kai-Chih Pai",{"id":1064,"sortIndex":241,"researcher":18,"roles":1065,"affiliations":1066,"properties":1073,"displayName":1075,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"656de127-b36d-477a-9fbe-e1448e183246",[137],[1067],{"id":986,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1068,"properties":18},{"id":986,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1069,"slug":18,"properties":1070,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1072,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1071},{"VI":991},[],{"title":1074},{"VI":1075},"Chia-Yu Chen",{"id":1077,"sortIndex":388,"researcher":18,"roles":1078,"affiliations":1079,"properties":1086,"displayName":1088,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"cfff5290-e300-4b47-ac7d-d4b423b37398",[137],[1080],{"id":986,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1081,"properties":18},{"id":986,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1082,"slug":18,"properties":1083,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1085,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1084},{"VI":991},[],{"title":1087},{"VI":1088},"Pei-Yu Tsai",{"id":1090,"sortIndex":1091,"researcher":18,"roles":1092,"affiliations":1093,"properties":1102,"displayName":1104,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"f2f47807-7627-41ef-814e-a7f054c4c307",7,[137],[1094],{"id":1095,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1096,"properties":18},"f21f2e01-4a8f-4dee-8693-93c80bc60175",{"id":1095,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1097,"slug":18,"properties":1098,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1101,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1099},{"VI":1100},"Taiwan Sakura Corporation, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)",[],{"title":1103},{"VI":1104},"Yueh-Tiann Tsai",{"url":979,"publisher":1106,"properties":1159},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1107,"slug":10,"properties":1108,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1111,"manageAffiliations":1128,"indexDatabases":1139,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1154,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1109,"title":1110},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[1112,1116,1120,1124],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1113,"label":1114,"description":1115,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1117,"label":1118,"description":1119,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1121,"label":1122,"description":1123,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1125,"label":1126,"description":1127,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[1129,1134],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1130,"slug":18,"properties":1131,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1133,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1132},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1135,"slug":18,"properties":1136,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1138,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1137},{"EN":58},[60],[1140,1147],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":1141,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1146,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1142,"label":1143,"description":1144,"key":72,"publicationTags":1145,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":1148,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":1153,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1149,"label":1150,"description":1151,"key":89,"publicationTags":1152,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1155,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":1156,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":1157,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1158,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":1160,"volume":1162},{"VOID":1161},"477-507",{"VOID":1163},"56","2022-01-31",2022,"DONE_GET_PLATFORM_ID",[74,99],{"id":1169,"createTime":1170,"updateTime":1171,"relativeEntities":1172,"slug":1173,"properties":1174,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":1185,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1186,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1187,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":1240,"citationCount":1299,"citationInfo":1300,"publishDate":1304,"publishYear":1301,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1305,"indexDatabases":1306,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"6c61403c-07b7-4c01-80ac-d0dc2c4ad335","2024-01-11T10:40:51.888+00:00","2026-07-13T01:50:26.091+00:00",[],"Permittivity-measurement-of-wood-material-over-a-wide-range-of-moisture-content",{"abstract":1175,"title":1177,"gsPaper":1179,"references":1181,"doi":1183},{"EN":1176},"Permittivity measurement of timber structures is important to ensure that its physical property lies within acceptable ranges. For example, permittivity dependence on moisture content can be useful to assess physical condition of wood. Permittivity is also a critical parameter that is needed for timber diagnosis using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) nondestructive technique. Different methods based on microwave measurements of these electromagnetic properties have been used in the past, but measurements over a wide range of moisture content are still needed, especially in the GPR frequency (1–2 GHz). This work presents measurements of relative permittivity values of spruce, pine and beech wood samples over a wide range of moisture content (up to 120%) using weak perturbation method at 1.26 GHz. Effects of moisture content, density and direction of fibers are observed. The main parameter influencing permittivity value is the quantity of water in wood material.",{"EN":1178},"Permittivity measurement of wood material over a wide range of moisture content",{"VOID":1180},"[\"9011007381430649337\"]",{"VOID":1182},"Boudouris G (1964) Validité de la méthode de perturbation appliquée aux cavités résonnantes pour la mesure de la perméabilité et de la permittivité des petits échantillons (Weak perturbation method validity applied to resonant cavity: measurement of permeability and permittivity of small samples). Ann Telecommun 19:63–80 (in French)\nDaian G, Taube A, Birnboim A, Shramkov Y, Daian M (2005) Measuring the dielectric properties of wood at microwave frequencies. Wood Sci Technol 39:215–223\nDemontoux F (1999) Contribution à l’amélioration des mesures de permittivité à 2450 MHz et au développement d’un applicateur micro ondes dédié à la flash pasteurisation à l’aide de modélisations électromagnétique et thermique (Contribution to increase the accuracy of the permittivity measurement at 2450 MHz and to develop a microwave applicator for flash pasteurisation thanks to electromagnetic and thermal modelling). PhD. thesis, Bordeaux 1 (in French)\nHanhijärvi A (2000) Advances in the knowledge of the influence of moisture changes on the long-term mechanical performance of timber structures. Mater Struct 33:43–49\nHans G, Redman D, Leblon B, Nader J, La Rocque A (2015) Determination of log moisture content using early-time ground penetrating radar signal. Wood Mater Sci Eng 10:112–129\nHansson L, Lundgren N, Antti A, Hagman O (2005) Microwave penetration in wood using imaging sensor. Measurement 38:15–20\nJames W, Hamill D (1965) Dielectric properties of Douglas-fir measured at microwave frequencies. Forest Prod J 15:51–56\nJohansson J, Hagman O, Fjellner BA (2003) Predicting moisture content and density distribution of scots pine by microwave scanning of sawn timber. J Wood Sci 49:312–316\nKollman FFP, Côté WA (1968) Principles of wood science and technology: solid wood. Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest\nMaï T, Sbartaï Z, Bos F, Razandratsima S, Demontoux F (2014) Non destructive evaluation of timber structures using GPR technique. In: 2014 15th international conference on ground penetrating radar (GPR). IEEE, pp 218–222\nMaï TC, Razandratsima S, Sbartaï ZM, Demontoux F, Bos F (2015) Non-destructive evaluation of moisture content of wood material at GPR frequency. Constr Build Mater 77:213–217\nMartínez-Sala R, Rodríguez-Abad I, Barra RD, Capuz-Lladró R (2013) Assessment of the dielectric anisotropy in timber using the nondestructive GPR technique. Constr Build Mater 38:903–911\nMilota MR (1994) Specific gravity as a predictor of species correction factors for a capacitance-type moisture meter. Forest Prod J 44:63\nPeyskens E, De Pourcq M, Stevens M, Schalck J (1984) Dielectric properties of softwood species at microwave frequencies. Wood Sci Technol 18:267–280\nReci H, Sbartaï ZM, Pajewski L, Marciniak M (2016) Moisture evaluation of wood material using GPR with WARR method-cost action TU1208. In: EGU general assembly conference abstracts, vol 18, p 18414\nSahin H, Ay N (2004) Dielectric properties of hardwood species at microwave frequencies. J Wood Sci 50:375–380\nSchajer GS, Orhan FB (2006) Measurement of wood grain angle, moisture content and density using microwaves. Holz Roh Werkst 64:483–490\nStamm AJ (1929) The fiber-saturation point of wood as obtained from electrical conductivity measurements. Ind Eng Chem 1:94–97\nTorgovnikov GI (1993) Dielectric properties of wood-based materials. In: Timell TE (ed) Dielectric properties of wood and wood-based materials. Springer, Berlin, pp 135–159\nWalker JC (2006) Primary wood processing: principles and practice. Springer, Berlin\nWilson PJ (1999) Accuracy of a capacitance-type and three resistance-type pin meters for measuring wood moisture content. Forest Prod J 49:29",{"VOID":1184},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-017-0935-4","2024-05-07T21:10:07.860+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-017-0935-4",[1188,1212,1227],{"id":1189,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1190,"affiliations":1191,"properties":1209,"displayName":1211,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"6b7d672a-0f63-4209-a4a9-8d72e98b289a",[137],[1192,1200],{"id":1193,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1194,"properties":18},"41cf6e9a-5993-4324-bdbe-317db242cfd0",{"id":1193,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1195,"slug":18,"properties":1196,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1199,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1197},{"VI":1198},"IMS, Bordeaux INP, CNRS UMR 5218, Univ. Bordeaux, Talence, France",[],{"id":1201,"sortIndex":102,"affiliation":1202,"properties":1208},"79e5da20-7a72-4487-b3af-45fbed9007b8",{"id":1201,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1203,"slug":18,"properties":1204,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1207,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1205},{"VI":1206},"I2M Laboratory, GCE Department, Univ. Bordeaux, Talence, France",[],{},{"title":1210},{"VI":1211},"Stephen Razafindratsima",{"id":1213,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":1214,"affiliations":1215,"properties":1222,"displayName":1224,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"e145ae23-3c14-40b7-af9f-32f97d4bf7b8",[137],[1216],{"id":1201,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1217,"properties":18},{"id":1201,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1218,"slug":18,"properties":1219,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1221,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1220},{"VI":1206},[],{"title":1223,"gsAuthor":1225},{"VI":1224},"Zoubir Mehdi Sbartaï",{"VOID":1226},"[\"D3OKA1sAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1228,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":1229,"affiliations":1230,"properties":1237,"displayName":1239,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"6fdc6269-e786-4ad5-8818-e2373be4d4aa",[137],[1231],{"id":1193,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1232,"properties":18},{"id":1193,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1233,"slug":18,"properties":1234,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1236,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1235},{"VI":1198},[],{"title":1238},{"VI":1239},"François Demontoux",{"url":1186,"publisher":1241,"properties":1294},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1242,"slug":10,"properties":1243,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1246,"manageAffiliations":1263,"indexDatabases":1274,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1289,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1244,"title":1245},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[1247,1251,1255,1259],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1248,"label":1249,"description":1250,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1252,"label":1253,"description":1254,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1256,"label":1257,"description":1258,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1260,"label":1261,"description":1262,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[1264,1269],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1265,"slug":18,"properties":1266,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1268,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1267},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1270,"slug":18,"properties":1271,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1273,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1272},{"EN":58},[60],[1275,1282],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":1276,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1281,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1277,"label":1278,"description":1279,"key":72,"publicationTags":1280,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":1283,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":1288,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1284,"label":1285,"description":1286,"key":89,"publicationTags":1287,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1290,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":1291,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":1292,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1293,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":1295,"volume":1297},{"VOID":1296},"1421-1431",{"VOID":1298},"51",59,{"total":1299,"publishYear":1301,"statisticByYear":1302},2017,{"2018":102,"2019":241,"2020":388,"2021":1091,"2022":1091,"2023":333,"2024":1303,"2025":1303,"2026":353},13,"2017-06-21","2026-07-13T01:50:26.090+00:00",[74,99],{"id":1308,"createTime":1309,"updateTime":1310,"relativeEntities":1311,"slug":1312,"properties":1313,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":1324,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1325,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1326,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":1368,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1427,"publishYear":1428,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1429,"indexDatabases":1430,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"3b491762-74bd-4316-814e-7bf37a1f8bcd","2023-12-29T16:57:36.274+00:00","2026-07-11T23:13:47.802+00:00",[],"Effect-of-hydro-thermal-treatment-of-green-beech-wood-on-its-chemical-and-physco-mechanical-properties",{"abstract":1314,"title":1316,"gsPaper":1318,"references":1320,"doi":1322},{"EN":1315},"Preliminary investigations were carried out aiming at the establishment of relationships between chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of beech wood under the influence of heating in water at 50°C and 100°C at pH values from 2.8 to 8.5 and with heating times up to 25 hours. It was found that heating of beech wood in water at 50°C does not produce remarkable changes in its properties. When green wood was heated at 100°C, insignificant changes in its density, shrinking, and α-cellulose content were observed, whereas a considerable decrease in strength was found when tested in a wet state. It was further observed that on prolonged heating, the reactions of the wood and the solutions used as a heating medium under-went distinct changes, attaining an equivalent value approximating the final pH of the wood.",{"EN":1317},"Effect of hydro-thermal treatment of green beech wood on its chemical and physco-mechanical properties",{"VOID":1319},"[\"17068026198904503784\"]",{"VOID":1321},"Grzeczyński, T. 1962. Einfluß der Erwärmung im Wasser auf vorübergehende und bleibende Formänderungen frischen Rotbuchenholzes. (Effect of Heating in Water on Permanent and Transient Deformations of Green Beech Wood). Holz Roh- Werkstoff 20: 210–216\nGrzeczyński, T. 1965. O vožmoznosti opredelenija stepeni rozrušenija drevesiny po pokazateljam eë mechaničeskich svoistv. (Determination of the degree of wood failure on the basis of its mechanical properties indices). Perpektivy Zakladneho Výskumu Dreva. Štátny Drevásky Výskumný Ustav. Bratislava. 275–288\nGrzeczyński, T. 1976. Badania nad zależnością wytrzmałości drewna od jego wilgotności. (Dependence of the strength of wood in its moisture content). Prace Instytutu Technologii Drewna R. 22, z. 3\u002F4 (75\u002F76): 15–55\nKubinsky, E., Ifju, G. 1973. Influence of steaming on the properties of red oak. Part I. Structural and chemical changes. Wood Sc. 6: 87–94\nKubinsky, E., Ifju, G. 1974. A above — Part 2. Changes in shrinking and related properties. Wood Sc. 7: 103–110\nKürschner, K., Melcerová, A. 1965a. Über die chemischen Veränderungen des Buchenholzes bei thermischer Behandlung. Teil I. Chemische Veränderungen von Sägespänen bei 1–28 tägiger Erhitzung auf 80–160° C. Holzforschung 19: 161–171\nKürschner, K., Melcerová, A. 1965b. Über die chemischen Veränderungen des Buchenholzes bei thermischer Behandlung. Teil II. Chemische Veränderungen von Buchenholzkanteln bei 1–2 tägiger Erhitzung auf 80–130° C, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der UV-Absorptions-spektren. Holzforschung 19: 171–178\nMorze, Z. 1966. Wpływ nasycania wodorotlenkiem sodu na sprężysto-plastyczne własnosci drewna. (Effect of treatment with sodium hydroxide on elastoplastic properties of wood). Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk. Pr. Komis. Bud. Masz. Poznań 1966 t. 3 z. 7\nPlath, E., Plath, L. 1955. Papierchromatographische Untersuchungen an Dämpfkondensaten von Rotbuche. Holz Roh Werkstoff 13: 226–237\nProsiński, S. 1969. Chemia Drewna (Chemistry of Wood). Warszawa\nThompson, W. S. 1969. Effect of steaming and kiln drying on the properties of Southern Pine poles. Part 2. Chemical properties. Forest Prod. J. 19 (2): 37–43",{"VOID":1323},"10.1007\u002FBF00350990","2024-06-25T18:22:43.759+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00350990",[1327,1342,1355],{"id":1328,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1329,"affiliations":1330,"properties":1339,"displayName":1341,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"df590c40-121a-46bc-a0c2-0f32d83addfc",[137],[1331],{"id":1332,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1333,"properties":18},"0b5ce408-181d-45aa-8906-98ffa083e834",{"id":1332,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1334,"slug":18,"properties":1335,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1338,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1336},{"VI":1337},"Instytut Technologii Drewna, Poznań, Poland",[],{"title":1340},{"VI":1341},"R. Babicki",{"id":1343,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":1344,"affiliations":1345,"properties":1352,"displayName":1354,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a4ae1aa6-c66c-4ddf-9592-888c1b18b871",[137],[1346],{"id":1332,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1347,"properties":18},{"id":1332,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1348,"slug":18,"properties":1349,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1351,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1350},{"VI":1337},[],{"title":1353},{"VI":1354},"T. Grzeczyński",{"id":1356,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":1357,"affiliations":1358,"properties":1365,"displayName":1367,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"125156d6-e5ac-40b5-82ed-1b1d45cd947c",[137],[1359],{"id":1332,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1360,"properties":18},{"id":1332,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1361,"slug":18,"properties":1362,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1364,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1363},{"VI":1337},[],{"title":1366},{"VI":1367},"H. Wróblewska",{"url":1325,"publisher":1369,"properties":1422},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1370,"slug":10,"properties":1371,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1374,"manageAffiliations":1391,"indexDatabases":1402,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1417,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1372,"title":1373},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[1375,1379,1383,1387],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1376,"label":1377,"description":1378,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1380,"label":1381,"description":1382,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1384,"label":1385,"description":1386,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1388,"label":1389,"description":1390,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[1392,1397],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1393,"slug":18,"properties":1394,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1396,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1395},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1398,"slug":18,"properties":1399,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1401,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1400},{"EN":58},[60],[1403,1410],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":1404,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1409,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1405,"label":1406,"description":1407,"key":72,"publicationTags":1408,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":1411,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":1416,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1412,"label":1413,"description":1414,"key":89,"publicationTags":1415,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1418,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":1419,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":1420,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1421,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":1423,"volume":1425},{"VOID":1424},"125-131",{"VOID":1426},"11","1977-06-01",1977,"2026-07-11T23:13:47.801+00:00",[74,99],{"id":1432,"createTime":1433,"updateTime":1434,"relativeEntities":1435,"slug":1436,"properties":1437,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":1448,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1449,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1450,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":1492,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1551,"publishDate":1554,"publishYear":1552,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1434,"indexDatabases":1555,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"858116e8-ba17-45e3-8101-73eb3aa76b6e","2023-12-20T11:26:20.081+00:00","2026-07-11T17:32:50.016+00:00",[],"Chemical-reactions-in-chlorine-dioxide-stages-of-pulp-bleaching",{"abstract":1438,"title":1440,"gsPaper":1442,"references":1444,"doi":1446},{"EN":1439},"The hypochlorous acid formed intermediately during the bleaching of an oxygen-prebleached kraft pulp with pure chlorine dioxide (a D0-stage) was captured as N-chlorosulfamic acid by addition of sulfamic acid to the bleaching liquor. The amount of hypochlorous acid captured corresponded to about 50 mol% of the consumed chlorine dioxide. The amount of chlorite formed (20 to 30 mol%) was less than the amount of hypochlorous acid captured. The excess of hypochlorous acid over chlorite suggests that chlorine dioxide is reduced initially not only by a one-electron mechanism to chlorite but also by a two-electron mechanism to monochlorine monoxide, which is then reduced by lignin or by chlorine dioxide to hypochlorous acid. The routes for the further reactions of chlorite, monochlorine monoxide and hypochlorous acid are discussed.",{"EN":1441},"Chemical reactions in chlorine dioxide stages of pulp bleaching",{"VOID":1443},"[\"9025329730508870016\"]",{"VOID":1445},"D'Aveni, A.; Robert, A. 1981a: Contribution à l'étude du blanchiment des pâtes cellulosiques par le bioxyde de chlore. I. Étude des produits formés — Evolution du rapport des concentrations en ions chlorure et chlorate. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 15: 551–565\nD'Aveni, A.; Robert, A. 1981b: Contribution à l'étude du blanchiment des pâtes cellulosiques par le bioxyde de chlore. II. Rôle des produits oxychlores formés au cours du blanchiment. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 15: 661–668\nCroon, I.; Dillén, S. 1968: Bleaching studies on pulps from Scandinavian softwoods. Tappi 51 (5): 97A-104A\nEriksson, B.; Sjöström, L. 1976: Determination of inorganic chlorine compounds and total chlorine in spent bleaching liquors. Part 1. Volumetric methods. Svensk Papperstidn. 79: 570–574\nGermgård, U.; Teder, A. 1980: Kinetics of chlorine dioxide prebleaching. Trans. Tech. Sect. (Can. Pulp. Paper Assoc.) 6 (2): TR31–36\nGermgård, U.; Teder, A.; Tormund, D. 1981: Chlorate formation during chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp. Paperi Puu 63: 127–133\nGordon, G.; Kieffer, R. G.; Rosenblatt, D. H. 1972: The chemistry of chlorine dioxide. Progr. Inorg. Chem. 15: 201–286\nFredricks, P. S.; Lindgren, B. O.; Theander, O. 1970: Chlorine oxidation of cellulose. IV. Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of methyl β-D-glucopyranoside with chlorine in acid aqueous solution. Svensk Papperstidn. 74: 597–603\nKolar, J. J.; Lindgren, B. O. 1982a: Oxidation of styrene by chlorine dioxide and by chlorite. Acta Chem. Scand. B 36: 599–605\nKolar, J. J.; Lindgren, B. O. 1982 b: Unpublished results\nLindgren, B. O. 1971: Chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of phenols related to lignin. Svensk Papperstidn. 74: 57–63\nLindgren, B. O.; Nilsson, T. 1972: Lignin reactions during chlorine dioxide bleaching of pulp: oxidation by chlorite. Svensk Papperstidn. 75: 161–168\nLindgren, B. O.; Nilsson, T. 1973: Preparation of carboxylic acids from aldehydes (including hydroxylated benzaldehydes) by oxidation with chlorite. Acta Chem. Scand. 27:888–890\nLindgren, B. O.; Nilsson, T. 1975: Chlorate formation during the reaction of chlorine dioxide with lignin model compounds. Svensk Papperstidn. 78: 66–68\nLindgren, B. O.; Svahn, C. M. 1966: Reactions of chlorine dioxide with unsaturated compounds. II. Methyl oleate. Acta Chem. Scand. 20: 211–218\nLindgren, B. O.; Svahn, C. M.; Widmark, G. 1965: Chlorine dioxide oxidation of cyclohexene. Acta Chem. Scand. 19: 7–13\nLindström, K.; Österberg, F. 1982: Personal communication\nNilsson, T.; Sjöström, L. 1974: Losses of chlorine dioxide as a result of chlorate formation during bleaching. Svensk Papperstidn. 77: 643–647\nRapson, W. H.; Anderson, C. B. 1977: Improving the efficiency of chlorine dioxide bleaching. Trans. Tech. Sect. (Can Pulp Paper Assoc.) 3(2): TR52–55\nRapson, W. H.; Anderson, C. B. 1978: Kraft pulp bleaching with chlorine and chlorine dioxide. The effect of pH on the chlorination stage. Tappi 61 (10): 97–99\nSjöström, L.; Rådeström, R.; Lindström, K. 1982: Determination of total organic chlorine in spent bleach liquors. Svensk Papperstidn. In press\nSoila, R.; Lehtikoski, O.; Virkola, N.-E. 1962: On the reactions taking place during the chlorine dioxide bleaching stage. Svensk Papperstidn. 65: 632–639\nTeder, A.; Tormund, D. 1978: Carbohydrate degradation in chlorine dioxide bleaching. Tappi 61 (12): 59–62",{"VOID":1447},"10.1007\u002FBF00369129","2024-05-15T19:56:16.491+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00369129",[1451,1466,1479],{"id":1452,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1453,"affiliations":1454,"properties":1463,"displayName":1465,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"5fe304f6-7803-4f85-9a2a-88f4206b7e19",[137],[1455],{"id":1456,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1457,"properties":18},"49d54d52-dc7c-4e39-9efa-d3511d2d0001",{"id":1456,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1458,"slug":18,"properties":1459,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1462,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1460},{"VI":1461},"Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden",[],{"title":1464},{"VI":1465},"J. J. Kolar",{"id":1467,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":1468,"affiliations":1469,"properties":1476,"displayName":1478,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"4517a38d-8d21-4be6-bf8f-277359433410",[137],[1470],{"id":1456,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1471,"properties":18},{"id":1456,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1472,"slug":18,"properties":1473,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1475,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1474},{"VI":1461},[],{"title":1477},{"VI":1478},"B. O. Lindgren",{"id":1480,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":1481,"affiliations":1482,"properties":1489,"displayName":1491,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"5a1faa11-a9f6-4597-89a6-ce2602e62d5c",[137],[1483],{"id":1456,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1484,"properties":18},{"id":1456,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1485,"slug":18,"properties":1486,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1488,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1487},{"VI":1461},[],{"title":1490},{"VI":1491},"Birgitta Pettersson",{"url":1449,"publisher":1493,"properties":1546},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1494,"slug":10,"properties":1495,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1498,"manageAffiliations":1515,"indexDatabases":1526,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1541,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1496,"title":1497},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[1499,1503,1507,1511],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1500,"label":1501,"description":1502,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1504,"label":1505,"description":1506,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1508,"label":1509,"description":1510,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1512,"label":1513,"description":1514,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[1516,1521],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1517,"slug":18,"properties":1518,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1520,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1519},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1522,"slug":18,"properties":1523,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1525,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1524},{"EN":58},[60],[1527,1534],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":1528,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1533,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1529,"label":1530,"description":1531,"key":72,"publicationTags":1532,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":1535,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":1540,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1536,"label":1537,"description":1538,"key":89,"publicationTags":1539,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1542,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":1543,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":1544,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1545,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":1547,"volume":1549},{"VOID":1548},"117-128",{"VOID":1550},"17",{"total":19,"publishYear":1552,"statisticByYear":1553},1983,{},"1983-06-01",[74,99],{"id":1557,"createTime":1558,"updateTime":1559,"relativeEntities":1560,"slug":1561,"properties":1562,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":1571,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1572,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1573,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":1604,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1663,"publishYear":1664,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1665,"lastCitationAnalyze":1666,"indexDatabases":1667,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"86085157-588b-468a-8143-b58a132c8878","2024-01-03T08:45:16.796+00:00","2026-07-10T05:07:18.849+00:00",[],"Nondestructive-sampling-of-Eucalyptus-globulus-and-E-nitens-for-wood-properties-II-Fibre-length-and-coarseness",{"abstract":1563,"title":1565,"gsPaper":1567,"doi":1569},{"EN":1564}," Within-tree variation in fibre length and coarseness was studied in fifty trees of E. globulus and E. nitens to develop a non-destructive sampling strategy. Trees, aged 5 to 9 years, were sampled across a range of sites in southern Australia. Simulated core samples were removed at six fixed heights easily accessible from the ground (0.5, 0.7, ... 1.5 m) and at eight percentage heights (0, 10, 20, ... 70%). Whole-tree values, calculated from percentage height data, were correlated with the core data to determine the optimal sampling height. Core samples were found to be reliable predictors of whole-tree fibre length, but results were variable for fibre coarseness. Simulated cores taken from the recommended sampling heights explained 87% and 71% of variation in whole-tree fibre length for E. globulus and E. nitens respectively and 54% and 45% of the variation in whole-tree fibre coarseness. Fibre length at all fixed heights showed good correlations with whole-tree values at all sites for E. globulus. For E. nitens the correlations were slightly lower and variable across sites. Results for fibre coarseness varied across sampling heights and sites for both species. The recommended sampling height for fibre length is 1.5 m for both species, whilst for fibre coarseness, the recommended sampling heights are 0.9 and 1.1 m for E. globulus, and 0.9 and 1.3 m for E. nitens. Radial orientation of cores was not important and neither fibre length nor coarseness were related to tree size or basic density. To estimate stand mean fibre length to an accuracy of ±5% would require sampling 9 whole trees or taking cores from 13 trees for E. globulus and 4 whole trees or cores from 8 trees for E. nitens. For estimating stand mean fibre coarseness, 10 whole trees of E. globulus and 7 whole trees are needed for E. nitens. Core sampling for stand mean coarseness would require more trees: 13 to 21 for E. globulus and 11 to 16 trees for E. nitens.",{"EN":1566},"Nondestructive sampling of Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens for wood properties; II. Fibre length and coarseness",{"VOID":1568},"[]",{"VOID":1570},"10.1007\u002Fs002260100088","2024-06-26T17:30:36.473+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs002260100088",[1574,1589],{"id":1575,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1576,"affiliations":1577,"properties":1586,"displayName":1588,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"efcd6c73-5778-467e-abd5-4c0df6a8d980",[137],[1578],{"id":1579,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1580,"properties":18},"15a6df24-aeab-4243-85e0-ff42a9de2e3c",{"id":1579,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1581,"slug":18,"properties":1582,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1585,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1583},{"VI":1584},"Current Address: Queensland Forest Research Institute, PO Box 631, Indooroopilly QLD 4068 Australia, , AU",[],{"title":1587},{"VI":1588},"A. Muneri",{"id":1590,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":1591,"affiliations":1592,"properties":1601,"displayName":1603,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a9ad9c40-841d-4f07-a2a1-c82ac97468ba",[137],[1593],{"id":1594,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1595,"properties":18},"090699c3-33df-4384-b119-fa499b6fff6b",{"id":1594,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1596,"slug":18,"properties":1597,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1600,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1598},{"VI":1599},"Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Production Forestry CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, GPO Box 252–12, Hobart TAS 7001 Australia Tel.: +61-362-267948; Fax: +61-362-267901, e-mail: Carolyn.Raymond@ffp.csiro.au, , AU",[],{"title":1602},{"VI":1603},"C. A. Raymond",{"url":1572,"publisher":1605,"properties":1658},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1606,"slug":10,"properties":1607,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1610,"manageAffiliations":1627,"indexDatabases":1638,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1653,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1608,"title":1609},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[1611,1615,1619,1623],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1612,"label":1613,"description":1614,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1616,"label":1617,"description":1618,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1620,"label":1621,"description":1622,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1624,"label":1625,"description":1626,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[1628,1633],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1629,"slug":18,"properties":1630,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1632,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1631},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1634,"slug":18,"properties":1635,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1637,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1636},{"EN":58},[60],[1639,1646],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":1640,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1645,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1641,"label":1642,"description":1643,"key":72,"publicationTags":1644,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":1647,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":1652,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1648,"label":1649,"description":1650,"key":89,"publicationTags":1651,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1654,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":1655,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":1656,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1657,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":1659,"volume":1661},{"VOID":1660},"41-56",{"VOID":1662},"35","2001-04-01",2001,"ERROR_IN_GET_PLATFORM_ID","2026-07-10T05:07:18.848+00:00",[74,99],{"id":1669,"createTime":1670,"updateTime":1671,"relativeEntities":1672,"slug":1673,"properties":1674,"entityType":128,"verifyStatus":129,"verifyTime":1683,"verifyNote":131,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1684,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1685,"publicationType":181,"publisherRelationship":1740,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1798,"publishDate":1801,"publishYear":1799,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1671,"indexDatabases":1802,"openAccess":18,"references":1803,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"646731ce-3262-4f00-8034-6963902d587f","2024-01-13T17:42:17.232+00:00","2026-05-08T12:43:27.466+00:00",[],"Chemical-aspects-of-wood-modification-by-sol-gel-derived-silica",{"abstract":1675,"title":1677,"gsPaper":1679,"doi":1681},{"EN":1676},"It has been shown that tetraethoxysilane-derived precursors are suitable solutions for impregnating pine sapwood to improve its dimensional stability. Tailored sol–gel syntheses result in precursors with nano-scaled silica species which are able to penetrate into the cell walls of wood. The physical fixation of those species inside the cell walls was verified by ESEM\u002FEDX investigations. There is evidence that the silica species are chemically bonded to wood components. Non-reacted alkoxy groups can exist in the wood composites after impregnation. The amount of these organic residues depends on the composition of the precursors, especially their condensation degree and reactivity. Treatments for finishing the composites after the impregnation step to get clean products and stable properties are discussed in this context. An explanation of the complex relationship between solids content in the impregnation solutions and percentage weight gain and bulking of the composites is given. It can be demonstrated that high WPG values (>20 %) are pre-conditions for an effective protection of the resulting composites but they only guarantee efficient improvements if connected with the incorporation of the inorganic component inside the cell walls. Therefore, the sol–gel syntheses have to be carried out in such a manner that very small (\u003C2 nm) as well as reactive species are sufficiently available. This demands syntheses using sub-stoichiometric water contents (H2O\u002FTEOS \u003C 4, better \u003C2).",{"EN":1678},"Chemical aspects of wood modification by sol–gel-derived silica",{"VOID":1680},"[\"14055881109423054928\"]",{"VOID":1682},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-012-0486-7","2024-05-02T14:51:24.082+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-012-0486-7",[1686,1701,1714,1727],{"id":1687,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1688,"affiliations":1689,"properties":1698,"displayName":1700,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"84ca6bd1-ed31-4dec-9940-c7f999d3fb7c",[137],[1690],{"id":1691,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1692,"properties":18},"1982c6c4-093e-4913-a004-e37c560debe5",{"id":1691,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1693,"slug":18,"properties":1694,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1697,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1695},{"VI":1696},"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany",[],{"title":1699},{"VI":1700},"Brita Unger",{"id":1702,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":1703,"affiliations":1704,"properties":1711,"displayName":1713,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"abff860c-0bdb-412a-8e5c-bd2607c3099f",[137],[1705],{"id":1691,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1706,"properties":18},{"id":1691,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1707,"slug":18,"properties":1708,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1710,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1709},{"VI":1696},[],{"title":1712},{"VI":1713},"Michael Bücker",{"id":1715,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":1716,"affiliations":1717,"properties":1724,"displayName":1726,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"6c5060d7-1ae9-4582-8707-26315352cea3",[137],[1718],{"id":1691,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1719,"properties":18},{"id":1691,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1720,"slug":18,"properties":1721,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1723,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1722},{"VI":1696},[],{"title":1725},{"VI":1726},"Stefan Reinsch",{"id":1728,"sortIndex":333,"researcher":18,"roles":1729,"affiliations":1730,"properties":1737,"displayName":1739,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"9b5ecdac-3135-410f-ab90-9899b7a72813",[137],[1731],{"id":1691,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1732,"properties":18},{"id":1691,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1733,"slug":18,"properties":1734,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1736,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1735},{"VI":1696},[],{"title":1738},{"VI":1739},"Thomas Hübert",{"url":1684,"publisher":1741,"properties":1794},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1742,"slug":10,"properties":1743,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1746,"manageAffiliations":1763,"indexDatabases":1774,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1789,"gsStatistic":18,"type":106,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1744,"title":1745},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[1747,1751,1755,1759],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1748,"label":1749,"description":1750,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1752,"label":1753,"description":1754,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1756,"label":1757,"description":1758,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1760,"label":1761,"description":1762,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":43},{},[1764,1769],{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1765,"slug":18,"properties":1766,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1768,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1767},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1770,"slug":18,"properties":1771,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1773,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1772},{"EN":58},[60],[1775,1782],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":1776,"url":76,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1781,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1777,"label":1778,"description":1779,"key":72,"publicationTags":1780,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78,79],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":1783,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":1788,"indexDatabaseRanking":99},{"id":83,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1784,"label":1785,"description":1786,"key":89,"publicationTags":1787,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96,97,98],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1790,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":102,"totalPublicationByYear":1791,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":1792,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1793,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"1989":102},{},{},{"pages":1795,"volume":1797},{"VOID":1796},"83-104",{"VOID":817},{"total":19,"publishYear":1799,"statisticByYear":1800},2012,{},"2012-06-17",[74,99],[1804,1810,1813,1816,1819,1822,1828,1834,1837,1840,1843,1849,1852,1858,1861,1864,1867,1870,1876,1882,1885,1888,1891,1894,1897,1900,1906,1909,1912,1915,1921,1924,1927,1930,1936,1942,1945,1948,1954,1957],{"id":1805,"text":1806,"url":1807,"identifiers":1808},"7de239e5-1c4d-40d5-a9eb-0b787cbdd9e5","Artaki I, Sinha S, Jonas J (1984) Pressure effect on the polymerization kinetics of sol-gel process. Mater Lett 2(5B):448–450","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0167577X84901605",{"doi":1809},"10.1016\u002F0167-577x(84)90160-5",{"id":941,"text":1811,"url":943,"identifiers":1812},"Assink RA, Kay BD (1988) Sol-gel kinetics: functional group kinetics. J Non-Cryst Solids 99(2–3):359–370",{"doi":945},{"id":18,"text":1814,"url":18,"identifiers":1815},"Böttcher H, Trepte JG (1999) Sol-Gel-Beschichtungen: innovation für den Materialschutz. Coating 11:431–433",{},{"id":18,"text":1817,"url":18,"identifiers":1818},"Böttcher H, Kallies K-H, Unger A, Eisbein M (1996) Schutz- und Konsolidierungsmittel für nachwachsende Rohstoffe (consolidation and protection agents for renewable raw materials). Patent EP 0 747 184 A2, IPC: B27K 3\u002F34; B27K 5\u002F00",{},{"id":941,"text":1820,"url":943,"identifiers":1821},"Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (1990) Sol-gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol-gel processing. Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-134970-5",{"doi":945},{"id":1823,"text":1824,"url":1825,"identifiers":1826},"6f77aa53-0ce1-4e6a-9db0-400803a0f9aa","Brinker CJ, Sehgal R, Raman N, Schunk PR, Headley TJ (1994) Polymer approach to supported silica membranes. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 2:469–476","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00486293",{"doi":1827},"10.1007\u002FBF00486293",{"id":1829,"text":1830,"url":1831,"identifiers":1832},"c4333c38-ec1e-46f1-a247-474e63a7bafd","Brinker CJ, Raman NK, Logan MN, Sehgal R, Assink R-A, Hua D-W, Ward TL (1995) Structure-property relationship in thin films and membranes. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 4:117–133","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00491678",{"doi":1833},"10.1007\u002FBF00491678",{"id":941,"text":1835,"url":943,"identifiers":1836},"Bücker M, Böcker W, Reinsch S, Unger B (2003) Wood modification by sol-gel derived precursors. Proceeding of 1st European conference on wood modification, Ghent\u002FBelgium, pp 255–259, ISBN 9080656526",{"doi":945},{"id":941,"text":1838,"url":943,"identifiers":1839},"Cheetham AK, Brinker CJ, Mecartney ML, Sanchez C (1994) Better ceramics through chemistry VI, materials research society symposium proceedings 346, ISSN 1064-8666",{"doi":945},{"id":941,"text":1841,"url":943,"identifiers":1842},"DIN EN 113 (2004) Wood preservatives: test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes: determination of the toxic values; German version EN113:1996\u002FA1:2004",{"doi":945},{"id":1844,"text":1845,"url":1846,"identifiers":1847},"06d076e8-6e95-48ec-9d1d-e4219a1e41c4","Donath S, Militz H, Mai C (2004) Wood modification with alkoxysilanes. Wood Sci Technol 38:555–566","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00226-004-0257-1",{"doi":1848},"10.1007\u002Fs00226-004-0257-1",{"id":941,"text":1850,"url":943,"identifiers":1851},"Donath S, Militz H, Mai C (2007) Weathering of silane treated wood. Holz Roh Werkst 65:35–42",{"doi":945},{"id":1853,"text":1854,"url":1855,"identifiers":1856},"eed6aa0a-8e06-4bb5-aa2a-a63a0e67cc70","Gonçalves G, Marques PAA, Pinto RJB, Trindade T, Neto CP (2009) Surface modification of cellulosic fibres for multi-purpose TiO2 based nanocomposites. Composites Sci Technol 69:1051–1056","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0266353809000232",{"doi":1857},"10.1016\u002Fj.compscitech.2009.01.020",{"id":18,"text":1859,"url":18,"identifiers":1860},"Hill CAS, Papadopoulos AN (2001) A review of methods used to determine the size of the cell wall microvoids of wood. J Inst Wood Sci 15:337–345",{},{"id":941,"text":1862,"url":943,"identifiers":1863},"Iler RK (1979) The chemistry of silica. Wiley & Son, New York",{"doi":945},{"id":941,"text":1865,"url":943,"identifiers":1866},"Klein LC (1988) Sol-gel technology for thin films, fibers, preforms, electronics, and specialty shapes. Noyes Publications, ISBN 0-8155-1154-X",{"doi":945},{"id":941,"text":1868,"url":943,"identifiers":1869},"Mahltig B, Swaboda C, Roessler A, Böttcher H (2008) Functionalising wood by nanosol application. J Mater Chem 18:3180–3192",{"doi":945},{"id":1871,"text":1872,"url":1873,"identifiers":1874},"ce735af5-832d-4b7d-abe8-0375f0408b45","Militz H (1993) Treatment of timber with water-soluble dimethylol resin to improve their dimensional stability and durability. Wood Sci Technol 27:347–357","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00192221",{"doi":1875},"10.1007\u002FBF00192221",{"id":1877,"text":1878,"url":1879,"identifiers":1880},"3a334f10-00cb-4953-a800-3b45f3647024","Miyafuji H, Saka S (1997) Fire-resisting properties in several TiO2 wood-inorganic composites and their topochemistry. Wood Sci Technol 31:449–455","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00702567",{"doi":1881},"10.1007\u002FBF00702567",{"id":18,"text":1883,"url":18,"identifiers":1884},"Miyafuji H, Saka S (1999) Topochemistry of SiO2 wood-inorganic composites for enhancing water-repellency. Mater Sci Res Int 5:270–275",{},{"id":941,"text":1886,"url":943,"identifiers":1887},"Miyafuji H, Saka S (2001) Na2O-SiO2 wood-inorganic composites prepared by sol-gel process and their fire-resistant properties. J Wood Sci 47:483–489",{"doi":945},{"id":18,"text":1889,"url":18,"identifiers":1890},"Miyafuji H, Saka S, Yamamoto A (1998) SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 wood inorganic composites prepared by metal alkoxide oligomers and their fire-resisting properties. Holzforschung 52:410–416",{},{"id":941,"text":1892,"url":943,"identifiers":1893},"Nicholas DD, Williams AD (1987) Dimensional stabilization of wood with dimethylol compounds. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Document IRG\u002FWP\u002F3412",{"doi":945},{"id":18,"text":1895,"url":18,"identifiers":1896},"Ogiso K, Saka S (1993) Wood-inorganic composites prepared by sol-gel process. 2. Effects of ultrasonic treatments on preparation of wood-inorganic composites. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 39:301–307",{},{"id":18,"text":1898,"url":18,"identifiers":1899},"Pope EJA, Mackenzie JD (1986) Sol-gel processing of silica. II. The role of the catalyst. J Non-Cryst Solids 87:185–198",{},{"id":1901,"text":1902,"url":1903,"identifiers":1904},"b85985c5-9412-4a19-a859-08eaa623d606","Pouxviel JC, Boilot JP, Beloeil JC, Lallemand JY (1987) NMR study of the sol-gel polymerization. J Non-Cryst Solids 89:345–360","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0022309387802776",{"doi":1905},"10.1016\u002Fs0022-3093(87)80277-6",{"id":18,"text":1907,"url":18,"identifiers":1908},"Pühringer J (1980) A process for impregnating cellulosic materials and production hereby obtained. Patent WO 80\u002F02249, IPC: B27K 3\u002F34; DO6M 13\u002F16; D21H 1\u002F34",{},{"id":18,"text":1910,"url":18,"identifiers":1911},"Reinsch S, Böcker W, Bücker M, Seeger S, Unger B (2002) Development of wood-inorganic composites with enhanced properties and environmental stability. Proceeding of 4th international wood and fibre composites symposium: 50-1–50-6",{},{"id":941,"text":1913,"url":943,"identifiers":1914},"Rosenthal M, Bues C-T (2010) Longitudinal infiltration of silicon dioxide nanosols in wood of Pinus sylvestris. Eur J Wood Prod 68:363–366",{"doi":945},{"id":1916,"text":1917,"url":1918,"identifiers":1919},"2d9ddeac-207c-4569-8396-edcc8de7b159","Saka S, Ueno T (1997) Several SiO2 wood-inorganic composites and their fire-resisting properties. Wood Sci Technol 31:457–466","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00702568",{"doi":1920},"10.1007\u002Fbf00702568",{"id":941,"text":1922,"url":943,"identifiers":1923},"Saka S, Miyafuji H, Tanno F (2001) Wood-inorganic composites prepared by the sol-gel process. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 20:213–217",{"doi":945},{"id":941,"text":1925,"url":943,"identifiers":1926},"Schmidt H (1992) Thin films, the chemical processing up to gelation. Structure & bonds: chemistry, spectroscopy and application of sol-gel glasses 77:119-151, ISBN 978-3-540-54374-9",{"doi":945},{"id":941,"text":1928,"url":943,"identifiers":1929},"Sjöström E (1981) Wood chemistry. Academic Press, Fundamentals and applications. ISBN 0-12-647480-X",{"doi":945},{"id":1931,"text":1932,"url":1933,"identifiers":1934},"bace8e2c-8ee8-48da-84dc-500e71d6bcfa","Stöber W, Fink A, Bohn E (1968) Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range. J Colloid Interface Sci 26:62–69","https:\u002F\u002Flinkinghub.elsevier.com\u002Fretrieve\u002Fpii\u002F0021979768902725",{"doi":1935},"10.1016\u002F0021-9797(68)90272-5",{"id":1937,"text":1938,"url":1939,"identifiers":1940},"630a2a76-0672-4d70-8157-776c3f87778c","Unger B, Jancke H, Hähnert M, Stade H (1994) The early stages of the sol-gel processing of TEOS. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 2:51–56","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00486212",{"doi":1941},"10.1007\u002FBF00486212",{"id":18,"text":1943,"url":18,"identifiers":1944},"Unger B, Hähnert M, Nitzsche R (1998) On aging of acid-catalyzed silica sols: a dynamic light scattering study. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 13:81–84",{},{"id":941,"text":1946,"url":943,"identifiers":1947},"Unger B, Rurack K, Müller R, Jancke H, Resch-Genger U (2005) Microscopic vs. macroscopic evolution of SiO2 sols and gels employing a tailor-made fluorescent reporter dye. J Mater Chem 15: 3069–3083, ISSN 0959-9428",{"doi":945},{"id":1949,"text":1950,"url":1951,"identifiers":1952},"17e8d1d5-4100-40d6-8b85-086a16cd35f5","Verma P, Dyckmans J, Militz H, Mai C (2008) Determination of fungal activity in modified wood by means of micro-calorimetry and determination of total esterase activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80:125–133","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00253-008-1525-z",{"doi":1953},"10.1007\u002Fs00253-008-1525-z",{"id":941,"text":1955,"url":943,"identifiers":1956},"Wagenführ R (1999) Anatomie des Holzes, DRW, ISBN 3-87181-351-6",{"doi":945},{"id":941,"text":1958,"url":943,"identifiers":1959},"Zelinski BJJ, Brinker CJ, Clark DE, Ulrich DR (1990) Better ceramics through chemistry IV, materials research society symposium proceedings 180, ISBN 1-55899-069-0",{"doi":945}]