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Yield losses caused by mite–virus complexes up to 100% at the field level have been reported in several states of the Great Plains. This study was conducted to evaluate the level of resistance of hard winter wheat (\u003Cjats:italic>Triticum aestivum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> L.) germplasm lines and cultivars to WCM. Four sets of wheat lines from 2014 trials were screened, including 40 lines from the Northern Regional Performance Nursery, 40 lines from the Southern Regional Performance Nursery, 40 Texas elite wheat lines, and 52 cultivars and elite breeding lines. Two different mite collections, Texas WCM collection 1 (TWCMC1) and Texas WCM collection 2 (TWCMC2), were used to screen wheat lines. All cultivars and lines were infested with WCM at the two‐leaf stage and scored on the first and second week after the second infestation. A total of 43 wheat lines and cultivars showed resistance to TWCMC1, but only 18 of them consistently exhibited resistance to TWCMC2, which is virulent to wheat‐rye translocation 1AL.1RS. All the lines having the ‘Amigo’ 1AL.1RS translocation (\u003Cjats:italic>Cmc3\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>) across the four tests showed resistance to TWCMC1 but not to TWCMC2. Among the 22 lines with ‘TAM 112’ in their pedigree, 19 lines were resistant to TWCMC1, but only a subset of 12 showed resistance to TWCMC2. TWCMC2 and mite collections from Kansas and Nebraska were differentiated based on the high‐resolution melting curves and sequence analysis of mite DNA. 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To studies were conducted to measure gas exchange of wheat stands (\u003Cjats:italic>Triticum aestivum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> L. cv. Yecora Rojo) grown from planting to maturity in a large (20 m\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> canopy area), closed growth chamber. Daily rates of dark‐period respiration and net photosynthesis of the stand subsequent CO\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> drawdown in the light (i.e., a closed‐system approach). Lighting was provided as a 20‐h photoperiod by high‐pressure sodium lamps, with canopy‐level photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) ranging from 500 to 800 μmol m\u003Cjats:sup>‐2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> s\u003Cjats:sup>‐1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> as canopy height increased. Net Photosynthesis rates peaked near 27 μmol CO\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> m\u003Cjats:sup>‐2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> s\u003Cjats:sup>‐1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> at 25 d and then gradually declined with age. Responses to short‐term changes in irradiance after canopy closure indicated the stand light compensation point for photyosynthesis to be near 200 μmol m\u003Cjats:sup>‐2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> s\u003Cjats:sup>‐1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> PPFD. Tests in which CO\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> concentration was raised to ≈2000 μmol mol\u003Cjats:sup>‐1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> and then allowed to draw down to a compensation point showed that net photosynthesis rates dropped sharply with decreasing CO\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>. The CO\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> compensation point for photosynthesis occurred near 50 μmol mol\u003Cjats:sup>‐1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> Short‐term (24 h) temperature tests showed net photosynthesis at 20 °C ≥ 16 °C > 24 °C, while dark‐period respiration at 24 °C > 20 °C > 16 °C. Rates of stand evapotranspiration peaked near Day 25 and remained relatively constant until about Day 75, after which rates declined slowly. Results from these tests will be used to model the use of plants for CO\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> removal, 0\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> production, and water evaporation for controlled ecological life support systems propsed for extraterrestrial environments.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1133},"Gas Exchange Characteristics of Wheat Stands Grown in a Closed, Controlled Environment",{"VOID":1135},"11538198",{"VOID":1137},"10.2135\u002Fcropsci1993.0011183x003300010029x","Author affiliation is blank",[196],"https:\u002F\u002Facsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.2135\u002Fcropsci1993.0011183X003300010029x",[1142,1159,1176,1185],{"id":1143,"sortIndex":20,"researcher":19,"roles":1144,"affiliations":1145,"properties":1154,"displayName":1156,"givenName":19,"familyName":19},"4dc020ea-12cc-435d-add7-1c87a18c7847",[],[1146],{"id":1147,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":1148,"properties":19},"96d0149d-fd9c-4144-a477-cb9907c2fd50",{"id":1147,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":1149,"slug":19,"properties":1150,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":1153,"statistic":19},[],{"title":1151},{"EN":1152},"NASA Biomedical Operations and Research Mail Code MD‐RES Kennedy Space Center FL 32899",[],{"title":1155,"openalex":1157},{"EN":1156},"Raymond M. 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Yellow endosperm sorghums contain carotenoids, some of which can be transformed by humans into vitamin A. Our objective was to study the genetic basis of variation in carotenoid levels in sorghum endosperm by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with carotenoid content and endosperm color, as a putative predictor of carotenoid concentration. A recombinant inbred line population developed from a yellow (‘KS115’) by a white endosperm (‘Macia’) parental cross was evaluated in two locations in 2005. A genetic map was generated using 112 molecular markers including nine carotenoid candidate genes. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and β‐carotene were the major carotenoids identified. Several QTL were detected for each compound as well as for color and total carotenoids. Color was significantly correlated with the levels of all compounds, and color QTL co‐localized with carotenoid QTL. For β‐carotene (provitamin A), five QTL were localized on chromosomes 1, 2, and 10. One of them, on chromosome 2, was stable across both environments, had positive additive effects (1.179 and 1.379), explained large proportions of the phenotypic variance (11.6% and 15.15%), and was associated with a new phytoene synthase gene (\u003Cjats:italic>Psy3\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>). 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Twenty‐five synthetics and two cultivars of tall fescue (\u003Cjats:italic>Festuca arundinacea\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Schreb.) were evaluated for 3 years at two locations. Entries differed significantly for reproductive, vegetative, and total herbage dry matter yields. Significant entry ✕ environment (linear) interactions occurred for reproductive and vegetative regrowth, indicating that there were significantly different environmental responses among the 27 entries. Entry mean yields were linearly regressed on the average of all entries La each environment. Regression coefficients of the synthetics ranged from 0.71 to 1.24, 0.76 to 1.17, and 0.84 to 1.15 for reproductive, vegetative, and total herbage dry matter yield, respectively. Linear regression accounted for 95 to 99%, 78 to 99%, and 89 to 99% of the variation in yields of the 27 entnes for reproductive, vegetative, and total herbage dry matter yield, respectively. Mean square deviations from regression were found to be homogeneous, using the Bartlett test, for the three yield measurements. In the regression analysis of variance, the pooled deviations were not significant for all three yield measurements. The mean square deviations, coefficient of determination, and ecovalence stability indexes were highly and significantly correlated. We concluded that the mean herbage yield was a sufficient statistic for the selection of synthetics which have high and stable total yield. 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Landraces are still cultivated in regions of crop domestication and diversity. In situ maintenance has been neglected by genetic resource conservation programs in part because of misconceptions about farming systems that produce landraces. This paper presents three cases of on‐going maintenance of landraces by farmers who have also adopted high‐input technology, including high yielding crop cultivars. These cases are potatoes (\u003Cjats:italic>Solanum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> spp.) in the Andes of Peru, maize (\u003Cjats:italic>Zea mays\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> L.) in southern Mexico, and wheat (\u003Cjats:italic>Triticum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> spp.) in western Turkey. These cases suggest that on‐farm conservation of landraces can be decoupled from traditional farming practices. Factors that promote in situ conservation are the fragmentation of land holdings, marginal agricultural conditions associated with hill lands and heterogeneous soils, economic isolation, and cultural values and preference for diversity. Landraces are likely to persist in patches and islands of farming systems in regions of crop domestication and diversity, and these patches provide potential sites for conservation programs. In situ conservation may be a valuable complement to ex situ methods because it can preserve the biological and social processes of crop evolution. Research is needed on the biogeography and conservation biology of remaining landrace populations in order to plan in situ conservation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1713},"In Situ Conservation of Landraces in Centers of Crop Diversity",{"VOID":1715},"10.2135\u002Fcropsci1995.0011183x003500020009x",[196],"https:\u002F\u002Facsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.2135\u002Fcropsci1995.0011183X003500020009x",[1719],{"id":1720,"sortIndex":20,"researcher":19,"roles":1721,"affiliations":1722,"properties":1731,"displayName":1735,"givenName":19,"familyName":19},"2180d26a-c55d-4fa2-84ae-bb846a4b16d1",[],[1723],{"id":1724,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":1725,"properties":19},"27210b71-57fb-4bce-8d6f-08f16b1a007f",{"id":1724,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":1726,"slug":19,"properties":1727,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":1730,"statistic":19},[],{"title":1728},{"EN":1729},"Applied Behavioral Sciences Univ. of California Davis CA 95616",[],{"orcid":1732,"title":1734,"openalex":1736},{"VOID":1733},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-0412-4030",{"EN":1735},"Stephen B. 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In this study, 278 Chinese wheat cultivars were characterized with molecular markers for the vernalization genes \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn‐A1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, \u003Cjats:italic>‐B1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, \u003Cjats:italic>‐D1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, and \u003Cjats:italic>‐B3\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Heading time was evaluated in a greenhouse under long days without vernalizaton. The dominant \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn‐D1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> allele showed the highest frequency in the Chinese wheat cultivars (37.8%), followed by the dominant \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn‐A1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, \u003Cjats:italic>‐B1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, and \u003Cjats:italic>‐B3\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> alleles. Ninety‐two winter cultivars carried recessive alleles of all four vernalization loci, whereas 172 spring genotypes contained at least one dominant \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> allele. All cultivars released in the North China Plain Winter Wheat Zone were winter type. Winter (53.0%), spring (36.1%), and early‐heading (10.9%) cultivars were grown in the Yellow and Huai River Valley Winter Zone. Most of the spring genotypes from this zone carried only the dominant \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn‐D1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> allele, which was also predominant (64.1%) in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Valley Winter Zone and Southwestern Winter Wheat Zone. In three spring‐sown wheat zones, all cultivars were early‐heading spring types that frequently possessed the strongest dominant \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn‐A1a\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> allele and combinations with other dominant \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> gene(s). The \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn‐D1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> allele is associated with the latest heading time, \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn‐A1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> the earliest, and \u003Cjats:italic>Vrn‐B1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> intermediate values. 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