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In this study, a BSE‐derived agent was used as a vCJD model to determine the extent to which infectivity could be removed by selected steps used in the manufacture of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Materials and Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Murine‐passaged BSE (strain 301V), in the form of a microsomal fraction prepared from infected brain, was used to ‘spike’ the starting material in three experiments. The partitioning of BSE infectivity was measured over Fraction I+III precipitation, borosilicate microfibre depth filtration and Seitz depth filtration, with these steps being examined individually and in series.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Most 301V infectivity partitioned into Fraction I+III (log reduction 2·1). Infectivity remaining in Supernatant I+III was reduced by AP20 glass‐fibre depth filtration (log reduction 0·6) and subsequently removed to below the limit of detection by Seitz KS80 depth filtration, giving an overall log reduction of ≥ 2·9 for the three steps in series. By contrast, glass‐fibre depth filtration gave a log reduction of 2·4 when challenged directly with ‘spiked’ feedstock. Seitz KS80 depth filtration gave a log reduction of ≥ 3·1 when challenged directly with ‘spiked’ feedstock and also removed residual infectivity to below the limit of detection when applied as the final step in series.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Results using a BSE‐derived agent suggest that vCJD infectivity should be substantially removed from immunoglobulin G (IgG) solutions by Fraction I+III precipitation and Seitz KS80 depth filtration. 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2001, Tracking partitioning of the pathogenic form of the human prion protein during plasma fractionation using a sensitive Western blot assay, Thromb Haemost, 86, P2606",{},{"id":24,"text":876,"url":24,"identifiers":877},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.96.26.15137",{"doi":876},{"id":24,"text":879,"url":24,"identifiers":880},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.041490898",{"doi":879},{"id":24,"text":882,"url":24,"identifiers":883},"10.1098\u002Frstb.1994.0036",{"doi":882},{"id":24,"text":885,"url":24,"identifiers":886},"10.1053\u002Fjhin.2000.0790",{"doi":885},{"id":24,"text":888,"url":24,"identifiers":889},"10.1099\u002F0022-1317-67-2-255",{"doi":888},{"id":24,"text":891,"url":24,"identifiers":892},"Morgenthaler JJ, 1998, Proceedings of Cambridge Healthtech Institute Conference, ‘TSE Issues’",{},{"id":894,"createTime":895,"updateTime":895,"relativeEntities":896,"slug":897,"properties":898,"entityType":116,"verifyStatus":117,"verifyTime":895,"verifyNote":118,"languages":911,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":912,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":913,"publicationType":194,"publisherRelationship":956,"citationCount":162,"citationInfo":1006,"publishDate":1009,"publishYear":1007,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1010,"openAccess":24,"references":1011,"isForceReanalyzing":393},"2a99670f-6952-4dd6-924d-17c9f76aa252","2025-01-07T15:38:29.971+00:00",[],"Novel-Diagnostic-and-Therapeutic-Strategies-with-Genetically-Engineered-Human-Antibodies",{"openalex":899,"mag":901,"abstract":903,"title":905,"pm":907,"doi":909},{"VOID":900},"W2077388789",{"VOID":902},"2077388789",{"EN":904},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Human antibodies can be generated by recombinant technology. The human immunoglobulin repertoire can be tapped in an effective manner by the so called V gene phage display technology. Using this technique the genes encoding the variable domains of an antibody of interest can be captured from the B cell repertoire. With these V genes tailor‐made immune recognition molecules can be obtained by a ‘design and build’ strategy. These novel developments will lead to the introduction of a manifold of antibody based therapies into the clinic in coming decades. Recombinant antibody technology also provides unique opportunities to study the molecular structure of antibody variable domains against blood cell antigens. Such studies might possibly lead to the development of new therapies for antibody mediated blood cell destruction.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":906},"Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies with Genetically Engineered Human Antibodies",{"VOID":908},"9704449",{"VOID":910},"10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1998.tb05424.x",[120],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1998.tb05424.x",[914,941],{"id":915,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":916,"affiliations":917,"properties":934,"displayName":938,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"d85bf94d-8815-44b2-8f34-9a9001ca506b",[],[918,926],{"id":919,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":920,"properties":24},"849af236-13e6-4350-ac48-cefa6cbd287d",{"id":919,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":921,"slug":24,"properties":922,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":925,"statistic":24},[],{"title":923},{"EN":924},"Division of Transfusion Medicine Department of Haematology University of Cambridge & National Blood Service East Anglia Centre Cambridge",[],{"id":927,"sortIndex":142,"affiliation":928,"properties":24},"4071476d-31e5-41fb-9c37-60df76a2f68c",{"id":927,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":929,"slug":24,"properties":930,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":933,"statistic":24},[],{"title":931},{"VI":932},"National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, UK",[],{"orcid":935,"title":937,"openalex":939},{"VOID":936},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-7744-1790",{"EN":938},"Willem H. 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H.M., 1995, A human monoclonal antibody specific for the leucine‐33 (PlA1, HPA‐1a) form of platelet glycoprotein IIIa from a V gene phage display library, Blood, 86, 4430, 10.1182\u002Fblood.V86.12.4430.bloodjournal86124430",{"doi":1069},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V86.12.4430.bloodjournal86124430",{"id":24,"text":1071,"url":24,"identifiers":1072},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2249.1997.254-ce1127.x",{"doi":1071},{"id":24,"text":1074,"url":24,"identifiers":1075},"10.1126\u002Fscience.161.3839.379",{"doi":1074},{"id":24,"text":1077,"url":24,"identifiers":1078},"10.1126\u002Fscience.156.3778.1111",{"doi":1077},{"id":24,"text":1080,"url":24,"identifiers":1081},"10.1038\u002F255562a0",{"doi":1080},{"id":24,"text":1083,"url":24,"identifiers":1084},"Silberstein L.E., 1991, Variable region gene analysis of pathologic human autoantibodies to the related i and I red blood cell antigens, Blood, 78, 2372, 10.1182\u002Fblood.V78.9.2372.2372",{"doi":1085},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V78.9.2372.2372",{"id":24,"text":1087,"url":24,"identifiers":1088},"Pascual V., 1991, Nucleotide sequence analysis of the V regions of two IgM cold agglutinins. Evidence that the VH4–21 gene segment is responsible for the major cross‐reactive idiotype, J Immunol, 146, 4385, 10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.146.12.4385",{"doi":1089},"10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.146.12.4385",{"id":24,"text":1091,"url":24,"identifiers":1092},"10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1995.tb02578.x",{"doi":1091},{"id":24,"text":1094,"url":24,"identifiers":1095},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-3083.1991.tb01574.x",{"doi":1094},{"id":24,"text":1097,"url":24,"identifiers":1098},"Schutte M.E., 1993, VH4.21‐encoded natural autoantibodies with anti‐i specificity mirror those associated with cold hemagglutinin disease, J Immunol, 151, 6569, 10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.151.11.6569",{"doi":1099},"10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.151.11.6569",{"id":24,"text":1101,"url":24,"identifiers":1102},"10.1172\u002FJCI116902",{"doi":1101},{"id":24,"text":1104,"url":24,"identifiers":1105},"10.1084\u002Fjem.178.4.1419",{"doi":1104},{"id":24,"text":1107,"url":24,"identifiers":1108},"10.1016\u002F0140-6736(90)92767-C",{"doi":1107},{"id":24,"text":1110,"url":24,"identifiers":1111},"10.1016\u002FS1246-7820(97)80040-7",{"doi":1110},{"id":24,"text":1113,"url":24,"identifiers":1114},"Kumpel B.M., 1995, Human Rh D monoclonal antibodies (BRAD‐3 and BRAD‐5) cause accelerated clearance of Rh D+ red blood cells and suppression of Rh D immunization in Rh D‐ volunteers, Blood, 86, 1701, 10.1182\u002Fblood.V86.5.1701.bloodjournal8651701",{"doi":1115},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V86.5.1701.bloodjournal8651701",{"id":24,"text":1117,"url":24,"identifiers":1118},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2249.1994.tb06600.x",{"doi":1117},{"id":24,"text":1120,"url":24,"identifiers":1121},"10.1042\u002Fbj2680135",{"doi":1120},{"id":24,"text":1123,"url":24,"identifiers":1124},"10.1172\u002FJCI116140",{"doi":1123},{"id":24,"text":1126,"url":24,"identifiers":1127},"Boucher G., 1997, Restricted use of cationic germline V(H) gene segments in human Rh(D) red cell antibodies, Blood, 89, 3277, 10.1182\u002Fblood.V89.9.3277",{"doi":1128},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V89.9.3277",{"id":24,"text":1130,"url":24,"identifiers":1131},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2567.1998.00406.x",{"doi":1130},{"id":24,"text":1133,"url":24,"identifiers":1134},"10.1016\u002FS1074-7613(00)80266-6",{"doi":1133},{"id":24,"text":1136,"url":24,"identifiers":1137},"10.1172\u002FJCI114082",{"doi":1136},{"id":24,"text":1139,"url":24,"identifiers":1140},"Williamson L.M., 1995, Determination of the natural history of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP) by antenatal screening, Blood, 86, 538a",{},{"id":24,"text":1142,"url":24,"identifiers":1143},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-3148.1991.tb00010.x",{"doi":1142},{"id":24,"text":1145,"url":24,"identifiers":1146},"Valentin N., 1995, Involvement of the cysteine‐rich domain of glycoprotein IIIa in the expression of the human platelet alloantigen, PlA1: evidence for heterogeneity in the humoral response, Blood, 85, 3028, 10.1182\u002Fblood.V85.11.3028.bloodjournal85113028",{"doi":1147},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V85.11.3028.bloodjournal85113028",{"id":24,"text":1149,"url":24,"identifiers":1150},"10.1046\u002Fj.1423-0410.1997.00052.x",{"doi":1149},{"id":24,"text":1152,"url":24,"identifiers":1153},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.90.14.6444",{"doi":1152},{"id":24,"text":1155,"url":24,"identifiers":1156},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2141.1997.1572983.x",{"doi":1155},{"id":24,"text":1158,"url":24,"identifiers":1159},"Mollison P.L., 1997, Blood transfusion in clinical medicine",{},{"id":24,"text":1161,"url":24,"identifiers":1162},"10.1016\u002FS0950-3536(89)80042-3",{"doi":1161},{"id":24,"text":1164,"url":24,"identifiers":1165},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V68.2.347.347",{"doi":1164},{"id":24,"text":1167,"url":24,"identifiers":1168},"Gengozian N., 1980, IgG+ platelets in the marmoset: their induction, maintenance, and survival, Blood, 55, 885, 10.1182\u002Fblood.V55.6.885.885",{"doi":1169},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V55.6.885.885",{"id":24,"text":1171,"url":24,"identifiers":1172},"Gengozian N., 1981, Antibodies selectively reactive to autologous and host‐type platelets are obtained following interspecies immunizations in marmosets, Clin Exp Immunol, 43, 128",{},{"id":24,"text":1174,"url":24,"identifiers":1175},"10.1111\u002Fj.1399-0039.1985.tb00947.x",{"doi":1174},{"id":24,"text":1177,"url":24,"identifiers":1178},"Kabat H., 1991, Sequences of proteins of immunological interest",{},{"id":1180,"createTime":1181,"updateTime":1181,"relativeEntities":1182,"slug":1183,"properties":1184,"entityType":116,"verifyStatus":117,"verifyTime":1181,"verifyNote":118,"languages":1197,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1198,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1199,"publicationType":194,"publisherRelationship":1234,"citationCount":1283,"citationInfo":1284,"publishDate":1287,"publishYear":1285,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1288,"openAccess":24,"references":1289,"isForceReanalyzing":393},"5311553b-666e-4106-9f32-cc124524dec8","2025-01-07T00:59:05.505+00:00",[],"Precipitin-Reactions-Between-Extracts-of-Seeds-of-Canavalia-ensiformis-Jack-Bean-and-Normal-and-Pathological-Serum-Proteins",{"openalex":1185,"mag":1187,"abstract":1189,"title":1191,"pm":1193,"doi":1195},{"VOID":1186},"W2016724036",{"VOID":1188},"2016724036",{"EN":1190},"\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Summary\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Extracts of the seeds of the Jack Bean (\u003Cjats:italic>Canavalin ensiformis\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>) and several other plant species have been shown to have the property of precipitating serum proteins. Several normal serum proteins give precipitin lines when tested against extracts of the Jack Rean, but α\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>‐macroglobulim is by far the most reactive. Massive reactions were given by the pathological serum proteins in all fifteen cases of macroglobulinaemia tested. In only ten out of thirty cases of multiple myelomatosis was a precipitin reaction observed, and then only weakly. Reactions were given principally by those pathological proteins with a β‐like rather than a γ‐like mobility.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Résumé\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Des extraits de semences de Canavalia erisiformis et de plusieurs autres espèces de plantes sont apparus avoir la propriété de précipiter les protéines sériques. Plusieurs protéines normales donnent des lignes de précipitations avec des extraits de Canavalia cnsiformis, mais les plus fortes réactions ont lieu avce les Alpha\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>‐macroglobulines. On a obtenu drs réactinm ***très fortes avec les protéines pathologiques provenant de quinze cas de macroglobulinémie. Dans dix cas de myélomes multiples sur trente, on a observé une faible réaction de précipitation. Ces réactions étaient plus fortes avec des protéines pathologiques présentant une migration du type β‐globuline qu'avec des protéines pathologiques présentant une migration du type γ‐globulines.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Zusammenfassung\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Extrakte von Samen der Jack Bohne (Canavalia cnsiformis) sowie anderer Pflanzenarten vermögen Serumproteine zu präzipitieren. Die Präzipitatiori betrifft mehrere Serumproteine; α\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>‐Makroglobuline reagieren allerdings weitaus am stärksten.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Paraproteine von 15 Makroglobulinämien zeigten ausnahmslos starke Reaktionen. Unter 30 Myelomseren wurde unr bei 10 eine schwache Präzipitation beobachtet. Die pathologischen Proteine mit der elektrophoretischen Wanderungs‐geschwindigkeit von β‐Globulinen reagierten im allgrmeinen stärker als diejenigen mit γ‐Beweglichkeit.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":1192},"Precipitin Reactions Between Extracts of Seeds of Canavalia ensiformis (Jack Bean) and Normal and Pathological Serum Proteins",{"VOID":1194},"4959169",{"VOID":1196},"10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1963.tb05245.x",[120],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1963.tb05245.x",[1200,1219],{"id":1201,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1202,"affiliations":1203,"properties":1212,"displayName":1216,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"5a5059b5-c4e0-4bfa-ab0c-9b0a5aa10a6e",[],[1204],{"id":1205,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1206,"properties":24},"e287882d-0278-4a54-a00e-4c87aa2320a2",{"id":1205,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1207,"slug":24,"properties":1208,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1211,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1209},{"EN":1210},"Medical Research Council Human Biochemical Genetics Research Unit and Department of Biochemistry, King's College, London",[],{"orcid":1213,"title":1215,"openalex":1217},{"VOID":1214},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-7943-5650",{"EN":1216},"H. 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Heilkunde, 23, 369",{},{"id":24,"text":1300,"url":24,"identifiers":1301},"10.1084\u002Fjem.104.2.253",{"doi":1300},{"id":24,"text":1303,"url":24,"identifiers":1304},"10.1038\u002F188144b0",{"doi":1303},{"id":24,"text":1306,"url":24,"identifiers":1307},"10.3109\u002F00365516009062424",{"doi":1306},{"id":24,"text":1309,"url":24,"identifiers":1310},"Ouchterlony Ö., 1948, Antigen‐antibody reactions in gels, Ark. Kem., 26, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":1312,"url":24,"identifiers":1313},"10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1962.tb03257.x",{"doi":1312},{"id":24,"text":1315,"url":24,"identifiers":1316},"10.1159\u002F000228215",{"doi":1315},{"id":24,"text":1318,"url":24,"identifiers":1319},"Stillmark H., 1888, Über Ricin, cin giftiges Ferment ans den Samen von Ricinus comm. L. und einigen anderen Euphorbiaceae, Inaug. Diss., Dorpat",{},{"id":24,"text":1321,"url":24,"identifiers":1322},"Wilenko M., 1910, Über das Präzipitationsvermögen pflanzlicher Eiweißstoffe, Z. Immun. Forsch. Orig., 91",{},{"id":1324,"createTime":1325,"updateTime":1325,"relativeEntities":1326,"slug":1327,"properties":1328,"entityType":116,"verifyStatus":117,"verifyTime":1325,"verifyNote":118,"languages":1341,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1342,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1343,"publicationType":194,"publisherRelationship":1425,"citationCount":1475,"citationInfo":1476,"publishDate":1479,"publishYear":1477,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1480,"openAccess":24,"references":1481,"isForceReanalyzing":393},"08122af2-c716-4435-9a81-554beaacfae1","2025-01-07T00:59:03.809+00:00",[],"Lymphocyte-Proliferation-in-AIDS-Related-Complex-Walter-Reed-5-Patients-Response-to-Herpes-Simplex-Virus-and-Tuberculin-Antigen-and-Mitogen-during-Intravenous-Immunoglobulin-Treatment",{"openalex":1329,"mag":1331,"abstract":1333,"title":1335,"pm":1337,"doi":1339},{"VOID":1330},"W2018470436",{"VOID":1332},"2018470436",{"EN":1334},"\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Abstract. \u003C\u002Fjats:bold> In a randomized, controlled double‐blind study, 15 patients with AIDS‐related complex\u002FWalter‐Reed 5 (ARC\u002FWR5) were compared during 6 months intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment (0.4 g\u002Fkg body weight every 2 weeks) with 15 placebo‐treated patients. This study was aimed at the lymphocyte response to T and B cell mitogens and antigens. \u003Cjats:sup>3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>H‐thymidine uptake was determined after stimulation with the unspecific mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), formalinized \u003Cjats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>‐Cowan I (SAC), and with the antigens tuberculin and herpes simplex virus (HSV) at the onset, on days 85, 183, 267 and 351; IgG and IgM antibodies against HSV were measured by ELISA. In addition, 30 untreated HIV‐negative controls were tested. For the T cell mitogen PHA, T‐cell‐dependent B cell mitogen PWM and B cell mitogen SAC, no differences between the two patient groups were observed before therapy nor in the course of therapy or the 6‐month observation period thereafter. The entire patient group showed significantly impaired mitogenic response on day 1 as compared to the controls. There was no significant difference in response to tuberculin between the patients and HIV‐negative controls, nor for both patients groups before and in the course of treatment. All patients had IgG antibodies against HSV. Three of them showed blastogenic lymphocyte response to HSV on day 1. Among 19 seropositive controls, 7 individuals showed positive HSV lymphocyte response; but for both patient groups, there was no significant difference before and in the course of the treatment and observation period. We concluded that, in spite of some clinical improvement regarding fever and fatigue during IVIG treatment of ARC\u002FWR5 patients, there is no influence on lymphocyte function, as measured by response to mitogens and antigens.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1336},"Lymphocyte Proliferation in AIDS‐Related Complex\u002FWalter‐Reed 5 Patients: Response to Herpes Simplex Virus and Tuberculin Antigen and Mitogen during Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment",{"VOID":1338},"2173282",{"VOID":1340},"10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1990.tb01641.x",[120],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1990.tb01641.x",[1344,1361,1376,1393,1408],{"id":1345,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1346,"affiliations":1347,"properties":1356,"displayName":1358,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"d1b630a4-8ad5-4fde-a95e-535947334e96",[],[1348],{"id":1349,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1350,"properties":24},"84e1bd4f-4097-4976-b966-1621af6c43e5",{"id":1349,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1351,"slug":24,"properties":1352,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1355,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1353},{"EN":1354},"Hygiene-Institut, Köln, BRD",[],{"title":1357,"openalex":1359},{"EN":1358},"H. 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Mertens",{"VOID":1392},"A5019357203",{"id":1394,"sortIndex":178,"researcher":24,"roles":1395,"affiliations":1396,"properties":1403,"displayName":1405,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"62943e67-97d2-4da2-8da5-1b0660c44ea6",[],[1397],{"id":1349,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1398,"properties":24},{"id":1349,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1399,"slug":24,"properties":1400,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1402,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1401},{"EN":1354},[],{"title":1404,"openalex":1406},{"EN":1405},"Georg Plum",{"VOID":1407},"A5054081113",{"id":1409,"sortIndex":663,"researcher":24,"roles":1410,"affiliations":1411,"properties":1420,"displayName":1422,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"04ca964b-6ee2-40dc-a837-569ddf21c79c",[],[1412],{"id":1413,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1414,"properties":24},"32603485-1888-46ef-854b-b6d32a7074db",{"id":1413,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1415,"slug":24,"properties":1416,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1419,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1417},{"EN":1418},"Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Städtische Krankenanstalt Köln-Merheim, Köln, BRD",[],{"title":1421,"openalex":1423},{"EN":1422},"K. Heitmann",{"VOID":1424},"A5057985729",{"url":24,"publisher":1426,"properties":1468},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1427,"slug":10,"properties":1428,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1433,"manageAffiliations":1442,"indexDatabases":1453,"url":90,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1429,"eissn":1430,"issn":1431,"title":1432},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1434,1438],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1435,"label":1436,"description":1437,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1439,"label":1440,"description":1441,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},[1443,1448],{"id":41,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1444,"slug":24,"properties":1445,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1447,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1446},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1449,"slug":24,"properties":1450,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1452,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1451},{"EN":52},[],[1454,1461],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":1455,"url":69,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1460,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":58,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1456,"label":1457,"description":1458,"key":65,"publicationTags":1459,"standard":24},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":63,"VI":64},[67,68],[71],{"id":73,"indexDatabase":1462,"url":84,"indexYears":85,"academicFieldIds":1467,"indexDatabaseRanking":89},{"id":75,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1463,"label":1464,"description":1465,"key":81,"publicationTags":1466,"standard":24},[],{"EN":78,"VI":78},{"EN":78,"VI":80},[83],[87,88],{"issue":1469,"pages":1471,"volume":1473},{"VOID":1470},"s1",{"VOID":1472},"38-43",{"VOID":1474},"59",17,{"total":1475,"publishYear":1477,"statisticByYear":1478},1990,{"2012":142,"2014":142,"2015":142},"1990-07-01",[67,89],[1482,1485,1488,1491,1494,1497,1500,1503,1506,1509,1512,1515,1518,1522,1526,1529,1533,1536,1539,1543],{"id":24,"text":1483,"url":24,"identifiers":1484},"Krueger GRF, 1986, AIDS‐Bericht 2, 38",{},{"id":24,"text":1486,"url":24,"identifiers":1487},"Bowen DL, 1986, Prog Allergy, 207",{},{"id":24,"text":1489,"url":24,"identifiers":1490},"10.1056\u002FNEJM198308253090803",{"doi":1489},{"id":24,"text":1492,"url":24,"identifiers":1493},"Munn CG, 1984, T cell surface antigen expression on lymphocytes of patients with AIDS during in vitro mitogen stimulation, Cancer Immunol Immunother, 18, 141",{},{"id":24,"text":1495,"url":24,"identifiers":1496},"Hersh EM, 1985, Impaired in vitro interferon, blastogenic, and nautral killer cell responses to viral stimulation in acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Cancer Res, 45, 406",{},{"id":24,"text":1498,"url":24,"identifiers":1499},"10.1007\u002FBF00915553",{"doi":1498},{"id":24,"text":1501,"url":24,"identifiers":1502},"10.1136\u002Fbmj.295.6593.293",{"doi":1501},{"id":24,"text":1504,"url":24,"identifiers":1505},"Bernstein LJ, 1986, Prog Allergy, 194",{},{"id":24,"text":1507,"url":24,"identifiers":1508},"Gupta A., 1986, Restoration of suppressor T‐cell functions in children with AIDS following intravenous gamma globulin treatment, Am J Dis Child, 140, 143",{},{"id":24,"text":1510,"url":24,"identifiers":1511},"10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1990.tb01637.x",{"doi":1510},{"id":24,"text":1513,"url":24,"identifiers":1514},"10.1097\u002F00007890-197212000-00010",{"doi":1513},{"id":24,"text":1516,"url":24,"identifiers":1517},"10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1990.tb01644.x",{"doi":1516},{"id":24,"text":1519,"url":24,"identifiers":1520},"Reuben JMF, 1982, Separate Signals for human B cell proliferation and differentiation in response to Staphylococcus aureus: Evidence for a two‐signal model of B cell activation, J Immunol, 129, 97, 10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.129.1.97",{"doi":1521},"10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.129.1.97",{"id":24,"text":1523,"url":24,"identifiers":1524},"Romagnani S., 1981, Surface immunoglobulins are involved in the interaction of protein A with human B cells and in the triggering of B cell proliferation induced by protein‐A‐containing Staphylococcus aureus, J. Immunol, 127, 1307, 10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.127.4.1307",{"doi":1525},"10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.127.4.1307",{"id":24,"text":1527,"url":24,"identifiers":1528},"10.1172\u002FJCI112290",{"doi":1527},{"id":24,"text":1530,"url":24,"identifiers":1531},"Hofmann B., 1989, HIV‐induced immunodeficiency. Relatively preserved phytohemagglutinin as opposed to decreased pokeweed mitogen response may be due to possibly preserved responses via CD2\u002Fphytohemagglutinin pathway, J Immunol, 142, 1874, 10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.142.6.1874",{"doi":1532},"10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.142.6.1874",{"id":24,"text":1534,"url":24,"identifiers":1535},"10.1159\u002F000233450",{"doi":1534},{"id":24,"text":1537,"url":24,"identifiers":1538},"10.1038\u002Fnewbio240198a0",{"doi":1537},{"id":24,"text":1540,"url":24,"identifiers":1541},"Kalimo KOK, 1983, Cell‐mediated immunity against herpes simplex virus envelope, capsid, excreted, and crude antigens, Infect Immun, 39, 24, 10.1128\u002Fiai.39.1.24-28.1983",{"doi":1542},"10.1128\u002Fiai.39.1.24-28.1983",{"id":24,"text":1544,"url":24,"identifiers":1545},"10.1056\u002FNEJM197811022991805",{"doi":1544},{"id":1547,"createTime":1548,"updateTime":1548,"relativeEntities":1549,"slug":1550,"properties":1551,"entityType":116,"verifyStatus":117,"verifyTime":1548,"verifyNote":118,"languages":1564,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1565,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1566,"publicationType":194,"publisherRelationship":1705,"citationCount":1754,"citationInfo":1755,"publishDate":1759,"publishYear":1756,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1760,"openAccess":24,"references":1761,"isForceReanalyzing":393},"0056dcc9-04fc-4d30-a830-0a8eb9e2d84e","2025-01-06T06:04:28.697+00:00",[],"Health-economics-of-Patient-Blood-Management-a-cost-benefit-analysis-based-on-a-meta-analysis",{"openalex":1552,"mag":1554,"abstract":1556,"title":1558,"pm":1560,"doi":1562},{"VOID":1553},"W2994856632",{"VOID":1555},"2994856632",{"EN":1557},"\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Background and Objectives\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Patient Blood Management (PBM) is the timely application of evidence‐based medical and surgical concepts designed to improve haemoglobin concentration, optimize haemostasis and minimize blood loss in an effort to improve patient outcomes. The focus of this cost‐benefit analysis is to analyse the economic benefit of widespread implementation of a multimodal PBM programme.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Materials and Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Based on a recent meta‐analysis including 17 studies (>235 000 patients) comparing PBM with control care and data from the University Hospital Frankfurt, a cost‐benefit analysis was performed. Outcome data were red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rate, number of transfused RBC units, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Costs were considered for the following three PBM interventions as examples: anaemia management including therapy of iron deficiency, use of cell salvage and tranexamic acid. For sensitivity analysis, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Iron supplementation was applied in 3·1%, cell salvage in 65% and tranexamic acid in 89% of the PBM patients. In total, applying these three PBM interventions costs €129·04 per patient. However, PBM was associated with a reduction in transfusion rate, transfused RBC units per patient, and LOS which yielded to mean savings of €150·64 per patient. Thus, the overall benefit of PBM implementation was €21·60 per patient. In the Monte Carlo simulation, the cost savings on the outcome side exceeded the PBM costs in approximately 2\u002F3 of all repetitions and the total benefit was €1 878 000 in 100·000 simulated patients.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Conclusion\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Resources to implement a multimodal PBM concept optimizing patient care and safety can be cost‐effectively.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":1559},"Health economics of Patient Blood Management: a cost‐benefit analysis based on a 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Of 1,955 donors, 26 were positive for anti‐HTLV III by ELISA testing. Only 6 (23%) were positive by WB: 5 of these 6 were male homosexuals with multiple partners and 5 of 6 had low Th\u002FTs ratios. The WB‐positive donors gave the highest absorbance values in the anti‐HTLV III ELISA assay. The immunologic abnormalities in the WB‐positive donors suggest that they should be notified of their test results. We conclude that basing a donor notification policy on WB results is the optimum public health strategy for blood banks at the present time.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2035},"Anti‐HTLV III ELISA and Western Blot Testing in a Blood Donor Population: Implications for Donor Notification",{"VOID":2037},"3535251",{"VOID":2039},"10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1986.tb00231.x",[120],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1423-0410.1986.tb00231.x",[2043,2062,2079,2094,2111,2126],{"id":2044,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":2045,"affiliations":2046,"properties":2055,"displayName":2059,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"9cc2fde4-3c13-4a99-a840-49262f6e0f18",[],[2047],{"id":2048,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2049,"properties":24},"7a525a9b-9e6b-42b4-8908-a86547cbe302",{"id":2048,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2050,"slug":24,"properties":2051,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2054,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2052},{"EN":2053},"American Red Cross Blood Services, Los Angeles‐Orange Counties Region, Los Angeles, Calif.",[],{"orcid":2056,"title":2058,"openalex":2060},{"VOID":2057},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1638-2969",{"EN":2059},"Steven Kleinman",{"VOID":2061},"A5025334949",{"id":2063,"sortIndex":142,"researcher":24,"roles":2064,"affiliations":2065,"properties":2074,"displayName":2076,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"b5ca2f9e-c5fa-4ef6-a3b1-04e23d0ff825",[],[2066],{"id":2067,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2068,"properties":24},"b4287248-9652-4d1c-b2c0-fcf9f79a4a87",{"id":2067,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2069,"slug":24,"properties":2070,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2073,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2071},{"EN":2072},"University of California, Irvine, Calif.",[],{"title":2075,"openalex":2077},{"EN":2076},"Hoda Anton‐Guirgis",{"VOID":2078},"A5037138458",{"id":2080,"sortIndex":162,"researcher":24,"roles":2081,"affiliations":2082,"properties":2089,"displayName":2091,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"f09e4405-2cfe-427a-9bb7-45be6a0f5e53",[],[2083],{"id":2067,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2084,"properties":24},{"id":2067,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2085,"slug":24,"properties":2086,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2088,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2087},{"EN":2072},[],{"title":2090,"openalex":2092},{"EN":2091},"B. 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Med., 312, 1185",{},{"id":24,"text":2217,"url":24,"identifiers":2218},"10.1046\u002Fj.1537-2995.1985.25485273826.x",{"doi":2217},{"id":24,"text":2220,"url":24,"identifiers":2221},"10.1126\u002Fscience.6324345",{"doi":2220},{"id":24,"text":2223,"url":24,"identifiers":2224},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(85)92910-1",{"doi":2223},{"id":24,"text":2226,"url":24,"identifiers":2227},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(85)92544-9",{"doi":2226},{"id":24,"text":2229,"url":24,"identifiers":2230},"Kleinman S., 1985, HTLV III antibody testing in a high risk AIDS area: absorbance values and test significance, Transfusion, 25, 480",{},{"id":24,"text":2232,"url":24,"identifiers":2233},"10.7326\u002F0003-4819-103-1-37",{"doi":2232},{"id":24,"text":2235,"url":24,"identifiers":2236},"10.1016\u002F0002-9343(84)90756-3",{"doi":2235},{"id":24,"text":2238,"url":24,"identifiers":2239},"10.7326\u002F0003-4819-102-6-800",{"doi":2238},{"id":24,"text":2241,"url":24,"identifiers":2242},"Update, 1983, Public Health Service Workshop on human T lymphotropic virus type III antibody testing – United States, Morb. 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The genetic control of type 1 (Le\u003Cjats:sup>a\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>, Le\u003Cjats:sup>b\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>, Le\u003Cjats:sup>c\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> and Le\u003Cjats:sup>d\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>), type 2 (X, Y, I, and H), type 3 and type 4 ABH and related antigens in different animal and human tissues is analyzed, taking into account the properties of the glycosyltransferases which are involved in their synthesis and considering possible competition for common acceptor and donor substrates. The \u003Cjats:italic>phylogeny\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> of ABH determinants shows that they appeared as tissular antigens much earlier than as red cell antigens. The \u003Cjats:italic>ontogeny\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> of ABH antigens suggests that they behave as differentiation antigens, and an effort is made to correlate their tissular distribution in the adult with the embryological origin of each tissue.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2256},"Genetics of ABO, H, Lewis, X and Related 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