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Hoek WVD, De NV, Konradsen F, Cam PD, Hoa NTV, Toan D, Cong LD (2003) Current status of soil transmitted helminths in Vietnam. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34:1-11 (suppl)",{"id":18,"text":336,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"2. Noda S, Hoa NTV, Uga S, Thuan LK, Aoki Y, Fujimaki Y (2009) Parasite egg contamination of water and air in suburban area of hanoi, Vietnam. Trop Med Health 37: 55-61",{"id":18,"text":338,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"3. Uga S, Hoa NTV, Thuan LK, Noda S, Fujimaki Y (2005) Intestinal parasitic infection in schoolchildren in a suburban area of Hanoi, Vietnam. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36: 1407-1411",{"id":18,"text":340,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"4. Uga S, Kataoka (1995) Measures to control Toxocara egg contamination in sandpits of public parks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 21-24",{"id":18,"text":342,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"5. Ichihara K (1990) Statics for bioscience-Practical technique and theory. Nankodo, 378",{"id":18,"text":344,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"6. Fugimaki Y, Hoa NTV, Noda S, Uga S, Moji K, Aoki Y (2004) Mode of soil contamination with ascaris and Trichuris egg in a village in the suburb of Hani, Vietnam. Troop Med Health 32: 91",{"id":18,"text":346,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"7. Toan ND (1998) Contamination of soil with Ascaris and trichuris eggs in rural ares of Veitnam . Collected papers on the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis VI: 87-91",{"id":18,"text":348,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"8. Waikagul J, Maipanich W, Pahuchon W,Visiessuk K, Hiranyacharttada P, Muennoo C, Pubumpen S (1998) Studies on soil dust for Ascaris eggs in village of southern Thailand. Collected paper on the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis VI: 44-51",{"id":18,"text":350,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"9. Xu L, Suzuki N, Jiang Z, Feng Z, Chen P, Zhou C, Zhu X, Ding X, Chen H, Guo M, Lu Ping (1997) Pilot study on contamination of soil with ascaris egg and other parasites in rural areas of three southern provinces in China, Chinese J Parasitol & Parasitic diseases 15: 246-250",{"id":18,"text":352,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"10. Waikagul J, Muennoo C, Sanguankiat S, Maipanich W, Pubampen S, Nontasut P, Yoonuan T (2001) Evaluation of latrine site contamination in Association with soil-transmitted helminthic infection in the endemic community of south Thailand. Collected paper on the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis VII: 24-29",{"id":18,"text":354,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"11. Chongsuvivatwong V, Uga S, Nanaen W (1999) Soil contamination and infections by soil-transmitted helminths in an endemic village in southern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 30: 64-67",false,{"id":357,"createTime":358,"updateTime":359,"relativeEntities":360,"slug":361,"properties":362,"entityType":157,"verifyStatus":158,"verifyTime":373,"verifyNote":159,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":374,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":375,"publicationType":265,"publisherRelationship":547,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":604,"publishDate":607,"publishYear":605,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":608,"indexDatabases":609,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":355},"11cce3f2-dad7-4a6e-80c5-46151d42c4d3","2024-01-19T13:59:18.874+00:00","2026-06-23T01:40:14.064+00:00",[],"Phenotypic-and-haplotypic-profiles-of-insecticide-resistance-in-populations-of-Aedes-aegypti-larvae-Diptera-Culicidae-from-central-Lao-PDR",{"abstract":363,"title":365,"gsPaper":367,"references":369,"doi":371},{"EN":364},"Aedes aegypti, which is widely distributed in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), is the primary vector of arboviral diseases. Chemical insecticides have been intensively used to eliminate mosquito-borne diseases, resulting in the development of insecticide resistance. However, little is known about the insecticide resistance of mosquito populations in Lao PDR and the mechanisms responsible for it, which have important implications for vector management programs. Here, we examined the phenotypic and haplotypic profiles of insecticide resistance in populations of Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR. Ae. aegypti larvae were collected from four sites in Lao PDR, and their susceptibility to temephos, deltamethrin, permethrin, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) was tested using larval bioassays. Synergistic tests were also conducted to evaluate the activity of insecticide-metabolizing enzymes in the larvae. Deltamethrin-resistant and Deltamethrin-susceptible larvae were then genotyped for knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations to determine the associations between each genotype and resistance. Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR were considered to be “resistant” (\u003C98% mortality) to organophosphates and pyrethroids. The bio-insecticide Bti remains effective against such larvae. The resistance mechanisms of Ae. aegypti larvae were found to vary among populations, especially for pyrethroid resistance. Kdr mutations were significantly associated with deltamethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti from the Xaythany population. In contrast, synergist assays with piperonyl butoxide suggested that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases played an important role in the resistance seen in the Khounkham and Thakhek populations. This study obtained information that will aid the design and implementation of insecticide-based vector management of Ae. aegypti in central Lao PDR. Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR were highly susceptible to Bti, while they were resistant to temephos at a diagnostic dose of 0.0286 mg\u002FL. Given the limited number of insecticides that are approved for vector control, it is important to alternate between temephos and other larvicides, such as Bti and pyriproxyfen. The differences in pyrethroid resistance mechanisms seen among the Ae. aegypti populations highlight the need to tailor vector-control strategies to each region to increase the success of dengue control in Lao PDR.",{"EN":366},"Phenotypic and haplotypic profiles of insecticide resistance in populations of Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) from central Lao PDR",{"VOID":368},"[\"13525674920795973221\"]",{"VOID":370},"WHO. Comprehensive Guideline for Prevention and Control of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. Revised and expanded edition. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. 2011.\nWHO. Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control: new edition. World Health Organization. 2009.\nWHO. Managing Regional Public Goods for Health Community-Based Dengue Vector Control. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 2013.\nWHO. Pesticides and their application: for the control of vector and pests of public health importance. World Health Organization. 2006.\nRanson H, Burhani J, Lumjuan N, Black WC. Insecticide resistance in dengue vectors. TropIKAnet J. 2010;1(1).\nDavies TG, Field LM, Usherwood PN, Williamson MS. DDT, pyrethrins, pyrethroids and insect sodium channels. IUBMB Life. 2007;59(3):151–62. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F15216540701352042.\nSilver KS, Du Y, Nomura Y, Oliveira EE, Salgado VL, Zhorov BS, et al. Voltage-gated sodium channels as insecticide targets. Adv In Insect Phys. 2014;46:389–433. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002FB978-0-12-417010-0.00005-7.\nMarcombe S, Bobichon J, Somphong B, Phommavan N, Maithaviphet S, Nambanya S, et al. Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in Lao PDR. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175984. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0175984.\nSeixas G, Grigoraki L, Weetman D, Vicente JL, Silva AC, Pinto J, et al. Insecticide resistance is mediated by multiple mechanisms in recently introduced Aedes aegypti from Madeira Island (Portugal). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(7):e0005799. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pntd.0005799.\nGoindin D, Delannay C, Gelasse A, Ramdini C, Gaude T, Faucon F, et al. Levels of insecticide resistance to deltamethrin, malathion, and temephos, and associated mechanisms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands (French West Indies). Infect Dis Poverty. 2017;6(1):38. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40249-017-0254-x.\nPlernsub S, Saingamsook J, Yanola J, Lumjuan N, Tippawangkosol P, Sukontason K, et al. 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Dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors in southern Benin following a large scale implementation of vector control interventions. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:385.",{"doi":1270},"10.1186\u002Fs13071-016-1661-8",{"id":18,"text":1272,"url":18,"identifiers":1273},"Ndiath MO, Cailleau A, Orlandi-Pradines E, Bessell P, Pagès F, Trape JF, Rogier C. Emerging knock-down resistance in Anopheles arabiensis populations of Dakar, Senegal: first evidence of a high prevalence of kdr-e mutation in West African urban area. Malar J. 2015;14:364.",{"doi":1274},"10.1186\u002Fs12936-015-0898-6",{"id":18,"text":1276,"url":18,"identifiers":1277},"Rapport national sur le développement humain. Agriculture, Sécurité alimentaire et Développement Humain au Bénin; 2015. p. 54–8.",{},{"id":18,"text":1279,"url":18,"identifiers":1280},"Service MW. Sampling the adult resting population. In: Service MW, editor. Mosquito ecology field sampling methods. 2 ed. Lodon: Elsevier Applied Science; 1993. p. 210-90.",{},{"id":18,"text":1282,"url":18,"identifiers":1283},"Santolamazza F, Mancini E, Simard F, Qi Y, Tu Z, Torre AD. Insertion polymorphisms of SINE200 retrotransposons within speciation islands of Anopheles gambiae molecular forms. Malaria J. 2008;7:163.",{"doi":1284},"10.1186\u002F1475-2875-7-163",{"id":18,"text":1286,"url":18,"identifiers":1287},"Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993;49:520–9.",{"doi":1288},"10.4269\u002Fajtmh.1993.49.520",{"id":18,"text":1290,"url":18,"identifiers":1291},"Weir BS, Cockerham CC. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution. 1984;38(6):1358–70.",{},{"id":18,"text":1293,"url":18,"identifiers":1294},"Robertson A, Hill WG. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions: sampling variances and use in estimation of inbreeding coefficients. Genetics. 1984;107(4):703–18.",{"doi":1295},"10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F107.4.703",{"id":18,"text":1297,"url":18,"identifiers":1298},"Hartl DL. Génétique des populations. Médecine-Sciences, éditions Flammarion; 1994. p. 305.",{},{"id":18,"text":1300,"url":18,"identifiers":1301},"Sougoufara S, Harry M, Doucouré S, Sokhana C. Shift in species composition in the Anopheles gambiae complex after implementation of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Dielmo, Senegal. Med Vet Entomol. 2016;30(3):365–8.",{"doi":1302},"10.1111\u002Fmve.12171",{"id":18,"text":1304,"url":18,"identifiers":1305},"Sougoufara S, Doucouré S, Sembéne PM, Harry M, Sokhna C. Challenges for malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa: resistance and behavioral adaptations in Anopheles populations. J Vector Borne Dis. 2017;54:4–15.",{},{"id":18,"text":1307,"url":18,"identifiers":1308},"Kudom AA. Larval ecology of Anopheles coluzzii in Cape Coast, Ghana: water quality, nature of habitat and implication for larval control. Malar J. 2015;14:447.",{"doi":1309},"10.1186\u002Fs12936-015-0989-4",{"id":18,"text":1311,"url":18,"identifiers":1312},"Yawson AE, McCall PJ, Wilson MD, Donnelly MJ. Species abundance and insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in selected areas of Ghana and Burkina Faso. Med Vet Entomol. 2004;18:372–7.",{"doi":1313},"10.1111\u002Fj.0269-283X.2004.00519.x",{"id":18,"text":1315,"url":18,"identifiers":1316},"de Souza D, Kelly-Hope L, Lawson B, Wilson M, Boakye D. Environmental factors associated with the distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.s. in Ghana; an important vector of lymphatic filariasis and malaria. PLoS One. 2010;5:9927.",{"doi":1317},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0009927",{"id":18,"text":1319,"url":18,"identifiers":1320},"Assogba BS, Djogbenou L, Saizonou J, Diabaté A, Dabiré RK, Moiroux N, Gilles RL, Makoutodé M, Baldet T. Characterization of swarming and mating behaviour between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles melas in a sympatry area of Benin. Acta Trop. 2014;132:53–63.",{"doi":1321},"10.1016\u002Fj.actatropica.2013.09.006",{"id":18,"text":1323,"url":18,"identifiers":1324},"N’Guessan R, Corbel V, Akogbéto M, Rowland M. Reduced efficacy of insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying for malaria control in pyrethroid resistance area, Benin. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(2):199–206.",{"doi":1325},"10.3201\u002Feid1302.060631",{"id":18,"text":1327,"url":18,"identifiers":1328},"Briët JT, Penny MA, Hardy D, Awolola TS, Bortel WV, Corbel V, Dabiré RK, Etang J, Koudou BG, Tungu PK, Chitnis N. Effects of pyrethroid resistance on the cost effectiveness of a mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets: a modelling study. Malar J. 2013;12:77.",{"doi":1329},"10.1186\u002F1475-2875-12-77",{"id":18,"text":1331,"url":18,"identifiers":1332},"Killeen GF, Okumu FO, N’Guessan R, Coosemans M, Adeogun A, Awolola S, Etang J, Dabiré RK, Corbel V. The importance of considering community-level effects when selecting insecticidal malaria vector products. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:160.",{"doi":1333},"10.1186\u002F1756-3305-4-160",{"id":1335,"createTime":1336,"updateTime":1337,"relativeEntities":1338,"slug":1339,"properties":1340,"entityType":157,"verifyStatus":158,"verifyTime":1353,"verifyNote":159,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1354,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1355,"publicationType":265,"publisherRelationship":1454,"citationCount":182,"citationInfo":1506,"publishDate":1509,"publishYear":1507,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1510,"indexDatabases":1511,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":355},"ba385a12-dcce-4e1e-8010-4c32ceb9b8d0","2024-04-06T16:47:37.002+00:00","2026-02-02T03:04:27.969+00:00",[],"A-descriptive-study-of-stroke-types-risk-factors-clinical-features-and-outcomes-in-a-tertiary-hospital-in-Myanmar",{"abstract":1341,"title":1343,"gsPaper":1345,"keywords":1347,"references":1349,"doi":1351},{"EN":1342},"Stroke is a leading cause of death in the world, and the burden of stroke is higher in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the risk factors, complications, and outcomes of stroke are useful for healthcare planning and resource allocation. Little information on stroke is available for many low- and middle-income Asian countries; including Myanmar, which is the focus of this study. A review was conducted of medical records for stroke admissions during 2017 in a tertiary hospital in Myanmar. The final diagnoses, risk factors, clinical features, complications, and outcomes were systematically collected from computer- and paper-based medical records. Of 908 cases analysed, haemorrhagic stroke was the most common type (49%), followed by ischaemic stroke (43%). Unimproved cases were 32%. Identified risk factors of unimproved cases were ‘haemorrhagic stroke’ [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.73], ‘having fever during hospitalization’ [aOR: 2.49], ‘Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the admission between 9 and 14’ [aOR: 4.33], and GCS less than 9 [aOR: 42.86]. This study is based on hospital medical records to assess stroke types, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes in a tertiary hospital, in Nay Pyi Daw, Myanmar. The findings indicated that early case admission, improved hospital care management, and increased awareness of the modifiable risk factors within populations are crucial for preventing stroke incidents.",{"EN":1344},"A descriptive study of stroke types, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes in a tertiary hospital in Myanmar",{"VOID":1346},"4293338600023290699",{"EN":1348},"",{"VOID":1350},"Hankey GJ. Stroke. Lancet. 2017;389(10069):641–54.\nWorld Health Organization. Prevent brain stroke. 2016 [cited 2023 February 3]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fsoutheastasia\u002Fnews\u002Fdetail\u002F29-10-2016-prevent-brain-stroke.\nWorld Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death. 2022 [cited 2023 February 3]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fthe-top-10-causes-of-death.\nWorld Health Organization. Health data overview for the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. 2019 [cited 2024 January]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fdata.who.int\u002Fcountries\u002F104.\nVenketasubramanian N, et al. Stroke epidemiology in South, East, and South-East Asia: a review. J Stroke. 2017;19(3):286–94.\nBoehme AK, Esenwa C, Elkind MS. Stroke risk factors, genetics, and prevention. Circ Res. 2017;120(3):472–95.\nNindrea RD, Hasanuddin A. Non-modifiable and modifiable factors contributing to recurrent stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol Global Health. 2023;20: 101240.\nO’Donnell MJ, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet. 2010;376(9735):112–23.\nSuwanwela NC. Stroke epidemiology in Thailand. J Stroke. 2014;16(1):1–7.\nAbubakar S, Sabir A. Profile of stroke patients seen in a tertiary health care center in Nigeria. Ann Nigerian Med. 2013;7:55.\nDehghani Firoozabadi M, et al. Stroke in Birjand, Iran: a hospital-based study of acute stroke. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15(3):264–8.\nDeresse B, Shaweno D. Epidemiology and in-hospital outcome of stroke in South Ethiopia. J Neurol Sci. 2015;355(1–2):138–42.\nVenketasubramanian N, et al. Burden of stroke in Myanmar. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2021;11(2):49–51.\nBrooks I. Acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack. InnovAiT. 2021;15(2):80–8.\nGoto N. “A study on the characteristics of patients who are discharged against medical advice (Signed & Left and Absconded) in Nay Pyi Taw General Hospital, Myanmar” MPH thesis, in School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health. 2017, Nagasaki University.\nHan SM, et al. Progress towards universal health coverage in Myanmar: a national and subnational assessment. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(9):e989–97.\nNajib N, et al. Contemporary prognosis of transient ischemic attack patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 2019;14(5):460–7.\nAndersen KK, et al. Hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes compared: stroke severity, mortality, and risk factors. Stroke. 2009;40(6):2068–72.\nAn SJ, Kim TJ, Yoon BW. Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update. J Stroke. 2017;19(1):3–10.\nMena JH, et al. Effect of the modified Glasgow Coma Scale score criteria for mild traumatic brain injury on mortality prediction: comparing classic and modified Glasgow Coma Scale score model scores of 13. J Trauma. 2011;71(5):1185–92.\nEze CO, Kalu UA. The prognosis of acute stroke in a tertiary health centre in south-east Nigeria. Niger J Med. 2014;23(4):306–10.\nBalami JS, Buchan AM. Complications of intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(1):101–18.\nGreer DM, et al. Impact of fever on outcome in patients with stroke and neurologic injury: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Stroke. 2008;39(11):3029–35.\nStanley D, et al. Translocation and dissemination of commensal bacteria in post-stroke infection. Nat Med. 2016;22(11):1277–84.",{"VOID":1352},"10.1186\u002Fs41182-024-00592-6","2024-04-29T01:20:16.818+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Ftropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41182-024-00592-6",[1356,1387,1418,1433],{"id":1357,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1358,"affiliations":1359,"properties":1384,"displayName":1386,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"6179f6d3-0878-4326-92a4-57e09f5b3fbb",[379],[1360,1368,1376],{"id":1361,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1362,"properties":18},"2a1e9f1b-adc1-45f7-85ab-92727241e014",{"id":1361,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1363,"slug":18,"properties":1364,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1367,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1365},{"VI":1366},"Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 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Online Journal of Health and Allied Science, 6: 1-6.",{"id":1889,"createTime":1890,"updateTime":1891,"relativeEntities":1892,"slug":1893,"properties":1894,"entityType":157,"verifyStatus":158,"verifyTime":1903,"verifyNote":159,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1904,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1905,"publicationType":265,"publisherRelationship":2021,"citationCount":325,"citationInfo":2077,"publishDate":2079,"publishYear":605,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1891,"indexDatabases":2080,"openAccess":18,"references":2081,"isForceReanalyzing":355},"649cce8e-2ba4-4366-8040-8aa964703161","2023-11-30T09:54:23.921+00:00","2025-06-28T08:26:59.604+00:00",[],"Prevalence-and-dynamics-of-clinically-significant-bacterial-contaminants-in-herbal-medicines-sold-in-East-Africa-from-2000-to-2020-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis",{"abstract":1895,"title":1897,"gsPaper":1899,"doi":1901},{"EN":1896},"Infectious diseases remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world, and those caused by bacteria are common in the East African region. In this region, trade and consumption of herbal medicine has been expanding in the recent decades. Herbal medicines may be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria; however, there is limited information due to fragmented studies in East Africa. In this meta-analysis, we critically analyzed original research related to the incidence of pathogenic bacterial contaminants of HM in the East African region since 2000. The aim was to create a comprehensive understanding of the extent and dynamics of bacterial contamination in HM, to guide future research and concerted public health protection in the region. The study was conducted according to the standards of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. We searched and evaluated published articles from eleven electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, HerbMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scifinder Scholar, Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, EMBASE, Biological Abstracts and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau Abstracts). Prevalences of different bacterial species, Cochran’s Q test, and the I2 statistic for heterogeneity were evaluated using a software called MedCalcs. Random and fixed effects models were used to determine the pooled prevalence of clinically significant bacteria from studies which were included in this meta-analysis. The potential sources of heterogeneity were examined through sensitivity analysis, sub-group analysis, and meta-regression at 95% level of significance. Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies were highly heterogeneous (I2 = 98.48%) and there was no evidence of publication bias. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent contaminant. Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were the most frequently reported primary pathogens with pooled prevalence of 10.4% and 6.3%, respectively. Our findings are in tandem with recent systematic reviews conducted in Europe and Asia, but are in discrepancy with the reviews recently conducted in southern Africa. The East African herbal medicine industry poses considerable health risks to communities through dissemination of clinically significant bacteria. Presence of enteric bacterial contaminants indicates possible fecal pollution of herbal medicine region-wide. Adequate research pertaining to microbial safety of herbal medicine in the East African countries remains highly desired. The latter will enable establishment of strong, region-wide herbal safety mechanisms in order to support comprehensive public health protection in East Africa.",{"EN":1898},"Prevalence and dynamics of clinically significant bacterial contaminants in herbal medicines sold in East Africa from 2000 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis",{"VOID":1900},"[\"935354469565886962\"]",{"VOID":1902},"10.1186\u002Fs41182-020-00295-8","2024-05-01T09:29:52.847+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Ftropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41182-020-00295-8",[1906,1939,1954,1967,1980,1993,2008],{"id":1907,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1908,"affiliations":1909,"properties":1936,"displayName":1938,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"84349b52-36a0-4eed-a0ab-df836bd3c399",[379],[1910,1918,1927],{"id":1911,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1912,"properties":18},"58e54a8a-e2fe-45f0-81e0-4ff53523a757",{"id":1911,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1913,"slug":18,"properties":1914,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1917,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1915},{"EN":1916},"Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda",[],{"id":1919,"sortIndex":182,"affiliation":1920,"properties":1926},"f8006421-98da-49ab-908f-a92fe9ee2c9c",{"id":1919,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1921,"slug":18,"properties":1922,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1925,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1923},{"VI":1924},"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda",[],{},{"id":1928,"sortIndex":205,"affiliation":1929,"properties":1935},"885fa6a4-dba4-4f88-b565-e2b020810eca",{"id":1928,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1930,"slug":18,"properties":1931,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1934,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1932},{"VI":1933},"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda",[],{},{"title":1937},{"VI":1938},"Abdul Walusansa",{"id":1940,"sortIndex":182,"researcher":18,"roles":1941,"affiliations":1942,"properties":1949,"displayName":1951,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"fc272d32-956e-43e8-8335-5f11b2a859cb",[379],[1943],{"id":1911,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1944,"properties":18},{"id":1911,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1945,"slug":18,"properties":1946,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1948,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1947},{"EN":1916},[],{"title":1950,"gsAuthor":1952},{"VI":1951},"Savina Asiimwe",{"VOID":1953},"[\"mCioaNEAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1955,"sortIndex":205,"researcher":18,"roles":1956,"affiliations":1957,"properties":1964,"displayName":1966,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"eef305b0-8eb9-4ba8-80c1-dbf58b97503c",[379],[1958],{"id":1928,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1959,"properties":18},{"id":1928,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1960,"slug":18,"properties":1961,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1963,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1962},{"VI":1933},[],{"title":1965},{"VI":1966},"Hussein. 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Stanley",{"id":1981,"sortIndex":237,"researcher":18,"roles":1982,"affiliations":1983,"properties":1990,"displayName":1992,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"10d91a48-79d7-422c-a234-69f83525218f",[379],[1984],{"id":1911,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1985,"properties":18},{"id":1911,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1986,"slug":18,"properties":1987,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1989,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1988},{"EN":1916},[],{"title":1991},{"VI":1992},"Jamilu. E. 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Nakavuma",{"id":2009,"sortIndex":489,"researcher":18,"roles":2010,"affiliations":2011,"properties":2018,"displayName":2020,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a3f403cd-7214-41f9-b994-3eb5563d02b4",[379],[2012],{"id":1911,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2013,"properties":18},{"id":1911,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2014,"slug":18,"properties":2015,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2017,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2016},{"EN":1916},[],{"title":2019},{"VI":2020},"Esezah. K. 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Patients’ use of CAM: results from the Health Survey for England 2005. Focus Altern Complement Ther. 2010;15(2):101–3.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":2087},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":18,"text":2089,"url":2090,"identifiers":2091},"Market Research Report. Herbal medicine market size and forecast, by product (tablets & capsules, powders, extracts), by indication (digestive disorders, respiratory disorders, blood disorders), and trend analysis, 2014 - 2024 [Internet]. 2017. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hexaresearch.com\u002Fresearch-report\u002Fglobal-herbal-medicine-market\u002F.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hexaresearch.com\u002Fresearch-report\u002Fglobal-herbal-medicine-market\u002F",{},{"id":2083,"text":2093,"url":2085,"identifiers":2094},"Kaadaaga HF, Ajeani J, Ononge S, Alele PE, Nakasujja N, Manabe YC, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with use of herbal medicine among women attending an infertility clinic in Uganda. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14(1):27.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2096,"url":2085,"identifiers":2097},"Lubinga SJ, Kintu A, Atuhaire J, Asiimwe S. Concomitant herbal medicine and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use among HIV patients in Western Uganda: a cross-sectional analysis of magnitude and patterns of use, associated factors and impact on ART adherence. AIDS Care. 2012;24(11):1375–83.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2099,"text":2100,"url":2101,"identifiers":2102},"5080da61-fb6d-46e0-b50e-85750c1ce254","Stanifer JW, Lunyera J, Boyd D, Karia F, Maro V, Omolo J, et al. Traditional medicine practices among community members with chronic kidney disease in northern Tanzania: an ethnomedical survey. BMC Nephrol. 2015;16(1):170.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12882-015-0161-y",{"doi":2103},"10.1186\u002Fs12882-015-0161-y",{"id":2105,"text":2106,"url":2107,"identifiers":2108},"fdf5995c-8ac2-49d4-9be8-5cf1d3bff2a2","Okot DF, Anywar G, Namukobe J, Byamukama R. Medicinal plants species used by herbalists in the treatment of snakebite envenomation in Uganda. Trop Med Health. 2020;48:1–14.","https:\u002F\u002Ftropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41182-020-00229-4",{"doi":2109},"10.1186\u002Fs41182-020-00229-4",{"id":2083,"text":2111,"url":2085,"identifiers":2112},"Ochwang’i DO, Kimwele CN, Oduma JA, Gathumbi PK, Mbaria JM, Kiama SG. Medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in Kakamega County. Kenya J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(3):1040–55.",{"doi":2087},{"id":18,"text":2114,"url":2115,"identifiers":2116},"Onyambu MO. Identification and characterization of the microbial contaminants of herbal medicines in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). 2011. p. 1. Available online; erepository.uonbi.ac.ke.","erepository.uonbi.ac.ke",{},{"id":18,"text":2118,"url":2119,"identifiers":2120},"Rakholiya KD, Kaneria MJ, Chanda SV. Medicinal plants as alternative sources of therapeutics against multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms: Elsevier; 2013. p. 165–79. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?cluster=3956378780302722609&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5.","https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?cluster=3956378780302722609&hl=en&as_sdt=0",{},{"id":18,"text":2122,"url":2123,"identifiers":2124},"World Health Organization (WHO). Infectious diseases dominate WHO’s list of 2019 health threats [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.contagionlive.com\u002Fnews\u002Finfectious-diseases-dominate-whos-list-of-2019-health-threats.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.contagionlive.com\u002Fnews\u002Finfectious-diseases-dominate-whos-list-of-2019-health-threats",{},{"id":18,"text":2126,"url":18,"identifiers":2127},"Basch E, Ulbricht C, Harrison M, Sollars D, Smith M, Dennehy C, et al. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) A clinical decision support tool. J Herb Pharmacother. 2003;3(2):69–90.",{},{"id":2083,"text":2129,"url":2085,"identifiers":2130},"Kaume L, Foote JC, Gbur EE. Microbial contamination of herbs marketed to HIV-infected people in Nairobi (Kenya). S Afr J Sci. 2012;108(9–10):1–4.",{"doi":2087},{"id":18,"text":2132,"url":18,"identifiers":2133},"Niyonshima D. “Staphylococcus aureus” contamination levels in selected local herbal medicines sold in Kampala. Uganda: GRIN Verlag; 2018.",{},{"id":2135,"text":2136,"url":2137,"identifiers":2138},"bd792334-021f-45cd-92fa-8a217173897a","Posadzki P, Watson L, Ernst E. Contamination and adulteration of herbal medicinal products (HMPs): an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;69(3):295–307.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00228-012-1353-z",{"doi":2139},"10.1007\u002Fs00228-012-1353-z",{"id":2083,"text":2141,"url":2085,"identifiers":2142},"Ulbricht C, Conquer J, Costa D, Hollands W, Iannuzzi C, Isaac R, et al. An evidence-based systematic review of saffron (Crocus sativus) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl. 2011;8(1):58–114.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2144,"url":2085,"identifiers":2145},"Govender S, Du Plessis-Stoman D, Downing TG, Van de Venter M. Traditional herbal medicines: microbial contamination, consumer safety and the need for standards. S Afr J Sci. 2006;102(5–6):253–5.",{"doi":2087},{"id":18,"text":2147,"url":2119,"identifiers":2148},"Verhaeghe E, Mathieson C. Understanding the East African Community and its transport agenda. 2017; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?cluster=3956378780302722609&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5.",{},{"id":2150,"text":2151,"url":2152,"identifiers":2153},"bb82f8dd-5232-4da7-a9d3-4f466920c268","Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(9):603–5.","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10654-010-9491-z",{"doi":2154},"10.1007\u002Fs10654-010-9491-z",{"id":2156,"text":2157,"url":2158,"identifiers":2159},"baa3b57b-5c76-4041-b280-ba3e6a45b808","Neyeloff JL, Fuchs SC, Moreira LB. Meta-analyses and Forest plots using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet: step-by-step guide focusing on descriptive data analysis. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5(1):1–6.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1756-0500-5-52",{"doi":2160},"10.1186\u002F1756-0500-5-52",{"id":18,"text":2162,"url":18,"identifiers":2163},"Nanyanzi J. Evaluation of bacterial contamination and label information of oral-liquid herbal medicinal products for cough in Makindye Division, Kampala District; 2009.",{},{"id":2083,"text":2165,"url":2085,"identifiers":2166},"Gonsha Rehema. An assessment of bacterial contamination of locally prepared herbal\u002Ftraditional oral liquid medicines sold in Owino market. 2012; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwfpha.confex.com\u002Fwfpha\u002F2012\u002Fwebprogram\u002FPaper8962.html.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2168,"url":2085,"identifiers":2169},"Ngari FW, Gikonyo NK, Wanjau RN, Njagi ENM. Investigation of selected pathogenic microorganisms and toxic elements in herbal materials used in management of oral health in Nairobi County, Kenya. J Appl Environ Biol Sci. 2013;3(12):1–7.",{"doi":2087},{"id":18,"text":2171,"url":18,"identifiers":2172},"Mukundi JW. Bacteria, Aflatoxins and fluoride levels in locally processed herbal medicines from Nairobi County. Kenya: University of Nairobi; 2015.",{},{"id":18,"text":2174,"url":2115,"identifiers":2175},"HASSAN KM. Evaluation of heavy metals and microbial contamination in herbal medicines used for chronic illnesses Nairobi Metropolis (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). University of Nairobi; 2019. Available online; erepository.uonbi.ac.ke.",{},{"id":2083,"text":2177,"url":2085,"identifiers":2178},"Keter L, Too R, Mwikwabe N, Ndwigah S, Orwa J, Mwamburi E, et al. Bacteria contaminants and their antibiotic sensitivity from selected herbal medicinal products from Eldoret and Mombasa. Kenya Am J Microbiol. 2016;7(1):18–28.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2180,"url":2085,"identifiers":2181},"Korir R. Microbial and heavy metal contaminations in selected herbal medicinal products sold in Nairobi, Kenya [Internet]: University of Nairobi; 2017. Available from: http:\u002F\u002Ferepository.uonbi.ac.ke\u002Fhandle\u002F11295\u002F101393.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2183,"url":2085,"identifiers":2184},"Walther C, Marwa KJ, Seni J, Hamis P, Silago V, Mshana SE, et al. Microbial contamination of traditional liquid herbal medicinal products marketed in Mwanza city: magnitude and risk factors. Pan Afr Med J. 2016;23(1).",{"doi":2087},{"id":18,"text":2186,"url":2187,"identifiers":2188},"Kira JD. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from herbal medicines vended in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania [Internet]: Sokoine University of Agriculture; 2015. Available from: www.scielo.org.co\u002Fpdf\u002Frcien\u002Fv21n2\u002F0121-1935-rcien-21-02-00085.pdf.","www.scielo.org.co\u002Fpdf\u002Frcien\u002Fv21n2\u002F0121-1935-rcien-21-02-00085.pdf",{},{"id":2083,"text":2190,"url":2085,"identifiers":2191},"Musoke W. Microbial and heavy metal contamination in herbal medicines in Uganda. (Doctoral dissertation, Kyambogo). Available on https:kyuir.kyu.ac.ug\u002Fhandle\u002F20.500.12504\u002F330.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2193,"url":2085,"identifiers":2194},"Gonsha R. An assessment of bacterial contamination of locally prepared herbal\u002Ftraditional oral liquid medicines sold in Owino market. wfpha; 2012.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2196,"url":2085,"identifiers":2197},"Rodrigo-Troyano A, Sibila O. The respiratory threat posed by multidrug resistant G ram-negative bacteria. Respirology. 2017;22(7):1288–99.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2199,"url":2085,"identifiers":2200},"Korir R, Anzala O, Jaoko W, Bii C, Ketera L. Multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates recovered from herbal medicinal products sold in Nairobi, Kenya. Heal Res J. 2017;1(1):40–6. Available online; https:\u002F\u002Feahrj.eahealth.org\u002Findex.php\u002Feah\u002Farticle\u002Fdownload\u002FEAHRJ-D-17-00027\u002F544.",{"doi":2087},{"id":18,"text":2202,"url":18,"identifiers":2203},"Walters MS, Routh J, Mikoleit M, Kadivane S, Ouma C, Mubiru D, et al. Shifts in geographic distribution and antimicrobial resistance during a prolonged typhoid fever outbreak — Bundibugyo and Kasese Districts, Uganda, 2009–2011. Ryan ET, editor. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(3):e2726.",{},{"id":18,"text":2205,"url":2206,"identifiers":2207},"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicines with reference to contaminants and residues [Internet]: World Health Organization; 2007. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fapps.who.int\u002Firis\u002Fhandle\u002F10665\u002F43510.","https:\u002F\u002Fapps.who.int\u002Firis\u002Fhandle\u002F10665\u002F43510",{},{"id":2083,"text":2209,"url":2085,"identifiers":2210},"World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicines with reference to contaminants and residues. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007. p. 2007.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2083,"text":2212,"url":2085,"identifiers":2213},"Cosano I, Pintado C, Acevedo O, fNovella JL, Alonso GL, Carmona M, et al. Microbiological quality of saffron from the main producer countries. J Food Prot. 2009;72(10):2217–20.",{"doi":2087},{"id":2215,"createTime":2216,"updateTime":2217,"relativeEntities":2218,"slug":2219,"properties":2220,"entityType":157,"verifyStatus":158,"verifyTime":2231,"verifyNote":159,"languages":2232,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":2233,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":2234,"publicationType":265,"publisherRelationship":2292,"citationCount":221,"citationInfo":2348,"publishDate":2351,"publishYear":2349,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":2352,"openAccess":18,"references":2353,"isForceReanalyzing":355},"c5bf421e-ead5-4000-b53b-c598ae687cb8","2024-04-18T06:07:46.851+00:00","2025-02-26T21:42:45.921+00:00",[],"Socioeconomic-determinants-of-use-and-choice-of-modern-contraceptive-methods-in-Ghana",{"openalex":2221,"abstract":2223,"title":2225,"pm":2227,"doi":2229},{"VOID":2222},"W4280633448",{"EN":2224},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>The slow pace of fertility decline in Africa relative to other parts of the world has important implications for the region’s economic development. Modern contraceptive use is seen as important population control and family planning strategy by governments worldwide. This paper examines the socioeconomic determinants of modern contraceptive use and choice among Ghanaian men and women.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>We use the most recent and nationally representative Ghana Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2014. The analysis is observational, with no causal implications. Bivariate and multivariate methods are used to analyse the data. We first use logistic regression to explore the correlates of modern contraceptive use among Ghanaian men and women. Second, we explore the socioeconomic factors influencing the choice of modern contraceptive methods among contraceptive users using multinomial logistic regression. We classify the modern methods of contraception into three groups: long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), short-acting contraceptives (SAC), and permanent contraceptives.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Marital status proves to be the most significant predictor for both men and women, with women in monogamous unions having a greater propensity to use modern methods of contraception (OR = 1.4, \u003Cjats:italic>p\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.00). We also find that different factors affect the use and choice of modern methods of contraception among men and women in Ghana. Muslim men had a higher likelihood than Catholics to choose the permanent (sterilisation) method (OR = 11.9, \u003Cjats:italic>p\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.05), while their female counterparts were 0.25 times less likely to choose sterilisation over SAC (\u003Cjats:italic>p\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.05). Moreover, women who ever tested for HIV had higher use of LAC than the SAC ((RRR = 1.6, \u003Cjats:italic>p\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.01). The modern contraceptive users (women) with at most basic education were more likely than those with tertiary education to choose LAC over SAC. Finally, rural women with health insurance were 0.75 times (\u003Cjats:italic>p\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.01) less likely to use modern methods of contraception.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>The paper reiterates the need to intensify and sustain public health education on the health benefits of using modern methods of contraception among the adult population. The paper suggests that including family planning services on Ghana’s national health insurance benefits package is commendable. It can promote modern contraceptive use and curtail unwarranted population growth.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2226},"Socioeconomic determinants of use and choice of modern contraceptive methods in Ghana",{"VOID":2228},"35581604",{"VOID":2230},"10.1186\u002Fs41182-022-00424-5","2025-02-26T21:42:45.920+00:00",[161],"https:\u002F\u002Ftropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41182-022-00424-5",[2235,2254,2273],{"id":2236,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":2237,"affiliations":2238,"properties":2247,"displayName":2251,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"200eccb6-50f0-4c4e-8e1f-b5ca498c53e4",[],[2239],{"id":2240,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2241,"properties":18},"fa9089b0-8e65-43e7-b2ca-1d4be283a0eb",{"id":2240,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2242,"slug":18,"properties":2243,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2246,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2244},{"EN":2245},"Department of Economics, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.",[],{"orcid":2248,"title":2250,"openalex":2252},{"VOID":2249},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9754-1983",{"EN":2251},"Edward Nketiah‐Amponsah",{"VOID":2253},"A5020664023",{"id":2255,"sortIndex":182,"researcher":18,"roles":2256,"affiliations":2257,"properties":2266,"displayName":2270,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"ad22607e-364e-4372-839f-1300ea19e756",[],[2258],{"id":2259,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2260,"properties":18},"873ff3a5-0627-481b-b9a5-d7304a27a2b7",{"id":2259,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2261,"slug":18,"properties":2262,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2265,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2263},{"EN":2264},"School of Economics, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, People’s Republic of 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P, Appiah R, Adomah-Afari A. Modern contraceptive use among reproductive-aged women in Ghana: prevalence, predictors, and policy implications. BMC Womens Health. 2018. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12905-018-0649-2.",{"doi":2357},"10.1186\u002Fs12905-018-0649-2",{"id":18,"text":2359,"url":18,"identifiers":2360},"World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals: World Health Organization; 2018",{},{"id":18,"text":2362,"url":18,"identifiers":2363},"Kantorová V, Wheldon MC, Ueffing P, Dasgupta AN. Estimating progress towards meeting women’s contraceptive needs in 185 countries: a Bayesian hierarchical modelling study. PLoS Med. 2020;17(2): e1003026.",{"doi":2364},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1003026",{"id":18,"text":2366,"url":18,"identifiers":2367},"Stephenson R, Baschieri A, Clements S, Hennink M, Madise N. Contextual influences on modern contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Public Health. 2007;97:1233–40.",{"doi":2368},"10.2105\u002FAJPH.2005.071522",{"id":18,"text":2370,"url":18,"identifiers":2371},"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2021). World Contraceptive Use. 2021.6.",{},{"id":18,"text":2373,"url":18,"identifiers":2374},"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs PD. World Contraceptive Use 2021. 7.",{},{"id":18,"text":2376,"url":18,"identifiers":2377},"Nyarko SH. Prevalence and correlates of contraceptive use among female adolescents in Ghana. BMC Women’s Health. 2015;15:60–60.",{"doi":2378},"10.1186\u002Fs12905-015-0221-2",{"id":18,"text":2380,"url":18,"identifiers":2381},"Abiodun OM, Balogun OR. Sexual activity and contraceptive use among young female students of tertiary educational institutions in Ilorin, Nigeria. Contraception. 2009;79:146–9.",{"doi":2382},"10.1016\u002Fj.contraception.2008.08.002",{"id":18,"text":2384,"url":18,"identifiers":2385},"Monjok E, Smesny A, Ekabua J, Essien E. Contraceptive practices in Nigeria: literature review and recommendation for future policy decisions. Open Access Journal. 2010;1:9–22.",{},{"id":18,"text":2387,"url":18,"identifiers":2388},"Blackstone SR, Nwaozuru U, Iwelunmor J. Factors influencing contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Int Q Community Health Educ. 2017;37:79–91.",{"doi":2389},"10.1177\u002F0272684X16685254",{"id":18,"text":2391,"url":18,"identifiers":2392},"Hagan JE, Buxton C. Contraceptive Knowledge, perceptions and use among adolescents in selected senior high schools in the central region of Ghana. J Soc Res. 2012;3:170–80.",{},{"id":18,"text":2394,"url":18,"identifiers":2395},"Ugboaja JO, Nwosu BO, Ifeadike CO, Nnebue CC, Obi-Nwosu AI. Contraceptive choices and practices among urban women in southeastern Nigeria. Nigerian J Med. 2011;20:360–5.",{},{"id":18,"text":2397,"url":18,"identifiers":2398},"Nketiah-Amponsah E, Abuosi A, Arthur E. Correlates of contraceptive use among ghanaian women of reproductive age (15–49 Years). Afr J Reprod Health. 2012;16:154–69.",{},{"id":18,"text":2400,"url":18,"identifiers":2401},"Nyarko SH. Spatial variations and socioeconomic determinants of modern contraceptive use in Ghana: a Bayesian multilevel analysis. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0230139–e0230139.",{"doi":2402},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0230139",{"id":18,"text":2404,"url":18,"identifiers":2405},"Asiedu A, Asare BY-A, Dwumfour-Asare B, Baafi D, Adam A-R, Aryee SE, et al. Determinants of modern contraceptive use: a cross-sectional study among market women in the Ashiaman Municipality of Ghana. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2020;12:100184.",{},{"id":18,"text":2407,"url":18,"identifiers":2408},"Appiah F, Seidu A-A, Ahinkorah BO, Baatiema L, Ameyaw EK. Trends and determinants of contraceptive use among female adolescents in Ghana: analysis of 2003–2014 Demographic and Health Surveys. SSM Popul Health. 2020;10:100554–100554.",{"doi":2409},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssmph.2020.100554",{"id":18,"text":2411,"url":18,"identifiers":2412},"Jones AM. Applied health economics. Jones AM, editor. Milton Park, Abingdon, OX; New York, NY: Routledge; 2007. (Routledge advanced texts in economics and finance ; 8).",{},{"id":18,"text":2414,"url":18,"identifiers":2415},"Ghana Statistical Service. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Rockville, Maryland; 2015.",{},{"id":18,"text":2417,"url":18,"identifiers":2418},"Biddlecom AE, Fapohunda BM. Covert contraceptive use: prevalence, motivations, and consequences. Stud Fam Plann. 1998;29:360–72.",{"doi":2419},"10.2307\u002F172249",{"id":18,"text":2421,"url":18,"identifiers":2422},"Ezeh AC, Mboup G. Estimates and explanations of gender differences in contraceptive prevalence rates. Stud Fam Plann. 1997;28:104–21.",{"doi":2423},"10.2307\u002F2138113",{"id":18,"text":2425,"url":18,"identifiers":2426},"Dassah ET, Odoi AT, Owusu-Asubonteng G. Prevalence and factors predictive of long-acting reversible contraceptive use in a tertiary hospital in urban Ghana. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2013;18:293–9.",{"doi":2427},"10.3109\u002F13625187.2013.790951",{"id":18,"text":2429,"url":18,"identifiers":2430},"Apodaca SN, Mendez MD, Sanchez SS, Mulla ZD. Correlates of long-acting reversible contraception versus sterilization use in advanced maternal age. Ann Epidemiol. 2018;28:447–51.",{"doi":2431},"10.1016\u002Fj.annepidem.2018.03.005",{"id":18,"text":2433,"url":18,"identifiers":2434},"Arora KS, Zhao X, Judge-Golden C, Mor MK, Callegari LS, Borrero S. Factors associated with choice of sterilization among women veterans. 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