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Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy","Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ",{"EN":487,"VI":488},"\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">04\u002F10\u002F2015 Ministry of Information and Communications allowed Can Tho journal of medicine and pharmacy to operate (102 \u002FGP-BTTTT)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">07\u002F16\u002F2015 Can Tho journal of medicine and pharmacy is internationally recognized: ISSN 2354-1210\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">In 2016, The journal has been included in the list of medical science journals by The State Council for professorship which is awarded a work score of 0-0.5 points for a published article.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Can Tho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy welcome original works that haven’t been submitted or published in other medical journals. Posts must contain content related to one of the journal’s categories.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The content published\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The journal is divided into 3 categories:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Scientific research article: are valuable scientific works, which have been researched and accepted.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Overview of medicine, biology and pharmacy: serving the objective of continuing training in the fields of medicine, biology and pharmacy; to systematize classical and modern knowledge.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Update information on new knowledge about medicine, biology, pharmacy in the country and in the world.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Scope\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Publication and introduction of scientific research in the fields:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Medicine (internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, odonto-stomatology, laboratory, oncology, traditional medicine, nursing).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Biology (genetics, biotechnology).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Pharmacology (pharmaceutics, drug quality analysis-control, synthetic pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacognosy, botany, clinical pharmacy).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- To enhance the quality of undergraduate, postgraduate education, scientifically researching and meet the necessary treatment in hospital.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Introducing the updated domestic and oversea information about science technology to promote scientific research and exchanging technology in local, other universities.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Exchanging pharmaceutical and medical information for social health developing in the Mekong Delta and Vietnam.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The object\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Postgraduate students, student of Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, scientists from schools, research institutes, hospitals, health centers, pharmaceutical companies of the Mekong Delta; other provinces and regions in Vietnam and other country.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Address\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Headquarters of Can Tho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, located Scientific Research and International Cooperation Office: 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, An Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Ngày 16\u002F7\u002F2015, Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ được cấp chỉ số quốc tế: ISSN 2354-1210.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Từ tháng 4\u002F2016, Tạp chí đã được Hội đồng Giáo sư ngành Y đưa vào danh sách các tạp chí khoa học Y học được tính điểm công trình 0-0,5 điểm cho một bài báo đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Năm 2020 Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ đã được phê duyệt vào danh mục của các Hội đồng Giáo sư ngành Dược học được tính điểm công trình 0-0,5 điểm cho một bài báo đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ ra 12 số\u002Fnăm, 180-200 trang\u002Fsố.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Từ tháng 12\u002F2022 Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ là thành viên của hệ thống Crossref và từ tháng 01\u002F2023 tạp chí thực hiện bình duyệt online kín 2 chiều nhằm tăng tính minh bạch, tin cậy của các công trình nghiên cứu khoa học và đảm bảo tốt nhất chất lượng khoa học của bài viết.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tôn chỉ, mục đích và phạm vi của tạp chí\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tôn chỉ và mục đích hoạt động của tạp chí: xuất bản nhằm mục đích phổ biến kết quả từ các đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học; giao lưu trao đổi khoa học, chia sẻ kinh nghiệm, học tập, đồng thời cập nhật thông tin khoa học mới trong các lĩnh vực y, sinh, dược học trong và ngoài nước.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Phạm vi của tạp chí: Tạp chí xuất bản được chia thành 3 chuyên mục: (i) Bài báo nghiên cứu khoa học là kết quả công trình nghiên cứu khoa học có giá trị đã được triển khai nghiên cứu, (ii) Bài tổng quan y, sinh, dược học: phục vụ mục tiêu đào tạo liên tục trong lĩnh vực y, sinh, dược học; nhằm hệ thống hóa những kiến thức kinh điển và hiện đại; (iii) Thông tin cập nhật kiến thức mới về y, sinh, dược học trong nước và trên thế giới.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Chính sách truy cập mở\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ áp dụng chính sách truy cập mở đối với các bài báo đã xuất bản đến với độc giả, nhằm mở rộng cơ hội tiếp cận các kết quả nghiên cứu chất lượng cao và tăng cường trao đổi kiến thức. Tạp chí đăng tải trực tuyến (miễn phí) toàn văn các bài báo được công bố trên website của Tạp chí (https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đạo đức xuất bản\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ cam kết tuân thủ đạo đức xuất bản phù hợp với các hướng dẫn và tiêu chuẩn của the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), tuân thủ các nguyên tắc của COPE’s Core Practices, Best Practices Guidelines for Journal Editors và Guidelines on Good Publication Practices.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Bản thảo bài báo chỉ được chấp nhận khi được tác giả chịu trách nhiệm chính cam kết các nội dung sau: Các nội dung của bản thảo chưa được đăng tải toàn bộ hoặc một phần ở các tạp chí khác; Tất cả các tác giả đều có đóng góp một cách đáng kể vào quá trình nghiên cứu hoặc chuẩn bị bản thảo và cùng chịu trách nhiệm về các nội dung của bản thảo; Tuân thủ các biện pháp đảm bảo đạo đức nghiên cứu (ví dụ thỏa thuận đồng ý tham gia nghiên cứu).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Cam kết bảo mật\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí cam kết thực hiện và tuân thủ các quy định của luật và các văn bản hướng dẫn liên quan đến bảo mật thông tin cá nhân trên không gian mạng. Các thông tin mà người dùng (tác giả, độc giả, biên tập viên, người phản biện) nhập vào các biểu mẫu trên Hệ thống Quản lý xuất bản trực tuyến của tạp chí chỉ được sử dụng vào các mục đích đã được tuyên bố rõ ràng và sẽ không được cung cấp cho bất kỳ bên thứ ba nào khác, hay dùng vào bất kỳ mục đích nào khác.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Phí gửi bài\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Lệ phí gửi đăng bài: 1.000.000đ\u002Fbài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Lệ phí gửi đăng nhanh: 1.500.000đ\u002Fbài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đối với tác giả là cán bộ viên chức thuộc Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ thì được hỗ trợ 50% lệ phí gửi đăng bài.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đối với sinh viên thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp trường được hỗ trợ 100% lệ phí đăng bài ( Tác giả gửi đính kèm “ Quyết định về việc giao tổ chức thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp Trường của sinh viên”).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Hình thức nộp lệ phí:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Tiền mặt:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Nộp trực tiếp tại Phòng Tài chính - Kế toán, Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ, số 179 Nguyễn Văn Cừ, P. An Khánh, Q. Ninh Kiều, thành phố Cần Thơ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Chuyển khoản:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tên Tài khoản: Trường ĐHYD Cần Thơ, Số TK: 0111000115668, tại ngân hàng Vietcombank chi nhánh Cần Thơ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Thời gian: Áp dụng từ ngày 01\u002F02\u002F2023.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">* Phí gửi bài không được hoàn trả khi bài viết bị từ chối hoặc tác giả xin rút bài viết.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Quy trình phản biện bài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ thực hiện quy trình phản biện kín hai chiều nghiêm ngặt. Danh tính của những người phản biện không được tiết lộ cho các tác giả và ngược lại. Quy trình thẩm định bài báo đăng gồm các bước sau:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tiếp nhận bản thảo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tác giả liên hệ gửi bản thảo đến Tạp chí qua hệ thống trực tuyến tại website: https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn. Hướng dẫn về cách đăng ký, gửi bài và chuẩn bị bản thảo được cung cấp trên website của Tạp chí.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Sàng lọc sơ bộ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Sau khi Tòa soạn nhận được bài báo của tác giả, Ban Thư ký sẽ tiến hành kiểm tra sơ bộ bài báo (các yêu cầu về nội dung và hình thức). Những bài báo không đúng quy cách hoặc có nội dung không phù hợp hoặc vi phạm bản quyền sẽ bị từ chối (Ban Thư ký thông báo phản hồi đến tác giả trong vòng 1 tuần). Những bài báo đủ điều kiện, được Ban Thư ký tòa soạn chuyển đến Ban Biên tập có cùng chuyên môn với nội dung bài báo để đề xuất người phản biện. Thời gian kể từ khi Ban Biên tập nhận bài báo đến khi đề xuất người phản biện bài báo chậm nhất là 5 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Vòng phản biện\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Ban Thư ký gửi bài và yêu cầu phản biện đến 02 phản biện độc lập.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Các phản biện gởi nhận xét cho Ban Thư ký. Thời gian từ khi gửi bài cho phản biện đến khi nhận ý kiến của phản biện tối đa là 20 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Xử ký kết quả phản biện\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Nếu ý kiến đồng ý cho đăng và không cần chỉnh sửa, Ban Thư ký tiếp tục đăng bài theo qui trình.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Nếu ý kiến đồng ý đăng và cần chỉnh sửa, Ban Thư ký sẽ thông tin đến tác giả chỉnh sửa theo yêu cầu của người phản biện. Thời gian chỉnh sửa và gửi lại kéo dài không quá 2 tuần, từ khi tác giả bài báo nhận được thông tin (Quá trình này có thể lặp lại tối đa 2 lần\u002F1 bài báo). Khi có sự thống nhất, đồng ý của người phản biện; bài báo được tiếp tục đăng theo qui trình.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">3. Những bài báo có chất lượng không đạt yêu cầu, cả 2 phản biện không đồng ý cho đăng sẽ bị Tòa soạn từ chối đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Xuất bản\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Ban Thư ký tổng hợp các bản thảo đã được tác giả hoàn thiện sau thẩm định trình Ban Biên tập xem xét, Tổng Biên tập phê duyệt, quyết định bài đăng theo các tiêu chí: sự phù hợp nội dung với tôn chỉ và mục đích, thể loại bài viết (ưu tiên các bài có bài có nghiên cứu chuyên sâu, hàm lượng khoa học cao), đóng góp mới bài báo, bài báo được ưu tiên đăng trong số gần nhất của Tạp chí theo thứ tự: tính thời sự, chất lượng bài báo và thời gian gửi bài.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Ban Biên tập và Ban Thư ký biên tập bản thảo, chế bản, đọc rà soát lỗi. Thời gian hoàn thành từ 10-15 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">3. Ban Thư ký có trách nhiệm thông báo cho tác giả bài báo (bằng e-mail) về tình hình phê duyệt bài báo, thời gian, số kỳ, tập xuất bản bài báo theo qui định.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">4. Danh sách bài báo theo số Tạp chí được in ấn và phát hành trong năm định kỳ được công bố chính thức trên website: https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"VOID":490},"wcQ1uqwAAAAJ","2023-05-30T08:17:21.868+00:00",[],[494],{"id":495,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":496,"slug":28,"properties":497,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":507,"parentIds":508,"statistic":28},"6413896b-eca9-442b-a73f-182a58a0ce40",[],{"title":498,"address":501,"country":504,"abbreviation":505},{"EN":499,"VI":500},"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy","Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ",{"EN":502,"VI":503},"No 179, Nguyen Van Cu street, An Khanh ward, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city, Vietnam","Số 179, đường Nguyễn Văn Cừ, phường An Khánh, quận Ninh Kiều, thành phố Cần Thơ, Việt Nam",{"VOID":15},{"VOID":506},"ctump","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ctump.edu.vn\u002F",[],[],"https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fctump",{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":512,"i10Index":32,"i10IndexLast5Year":32,"totalPublication":514,"totalPublicationByYear":515,"totalCitation":520,"totalCitationByYear":521,"totalCitationPerPublication":108,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":523,"hindexLast5Year":45,"hindex":45},{"2022":513,"2023":111,"2024":106},0.01,1556,{"2020":47,"2021":516,"2022":517,"2023":518,"2024":519,"2025":122},57,306,801,358,161,{"2021":146,"2022":280,"2023":522},99,{"2021":524,"2022":318,"2023":104},0.23,{"impactFactor":28,"impactFactorByYear":28,"i10Index":123,"i10IndexLast5Year":123,"totalPublication":526,"totalPublicationByYear":527,"totalCitation":526,"totalCitationByYear":528,"totalCitationPerPublication":40,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":531,"hindexLast5Year":49,"hindex":49},476,{"0":205,"2019":123,"2021":139,"2022":459,"2023":451,"2024":357,"2025":49,"2026":48},{"2021":42,"2022":123,"2023":161,"2024":529,"2025":360,"2026":530},136,83,{"2021":105,"2022":513,"2023":532,"2024":127,"2025":533,"2026":534},0.62,25.43,13.83,{"id":536,"createTime":537,"updateTime":382,"relativeEntities":538,"slug":539,"properties":540,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":552,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":133,"subjectFields":553,"manageAffiliations":554,"indexDatabases":555,"url":556,"thumbnailPath":557,"statistic":558,"gsStatistic":594,"type":55,"analyzePriority":28},"6984a56a-db70-403b-9cc4-4013e1ceaffa","2023-05-09T06:47:40.346+00:00",[],"T%E1%BA%A1p%20ch%C3%AD%20Nghi%C3%AAn%20c%E1%BB%A9u%20n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc%20ngo%C3%A0i",{"country":541,"issn":542,"title":544,"introduce":547,"gsId":550},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":543},"25252445",{"EN":545,"VI":546},"VNU Journal of Foreign Studies","Tạp chí Nghiên cứu nước ngoài",{"EN":548,"VI":549},"{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"\\n\\nThe \\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"italic\":true},\"insert\":\"VNU Journal of Science\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n was established in 1985 for the publication of national and international research papers in all fields of natural sciences and technology, social sciences and humanities. 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           An adaptationist programme has dominated evolutionary thought in England and the United States during the past 40 years. It is based on faith in the power of natural selection as an optimizing agent. It proceeds by breaking an organism into unitary ‘traits’ and proposing an adaptive story for each considered separately. Trade-offs among competing selective demands exert the only brake upon perfection; non-optimality is thereby rendered as a result of adaptation as well. We criticize this approach and attempt to reassert a competing notion (long popular in continental Europe) that organisms must be analysed as integrated wholes, with\n            \u003Cjats:italic>Baupläne\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\n            so constrained by phyletic heritage, pathways of development and general architecture that the constraints themselves become more interesting and more important in delimiting pathways of change than the selective force that may mediate change when it occurs. We fault the adaptationist programme for its failure to distinguish current utility from reasons for origin (male tyrannosaurs may have used their diminutive front legs to titillate female partners, but this will not explain\n            \u003Cjats:italic>why\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\n            they got so small); for its unwillingness to consider alternatives to adaptive stories; for its reliance upon plausibility alone as a criterion for accepting speculative tales; and for its failure to consider adequately such competing themes as random fixation of alleles, production of non-adaptive structures by developmental correlation with selected features (allometry, pleiotropy, material compensation, mechanically forced correlation), the separability of adaptation and selection, multiple adaptive peaks, and current utility as an epiphenomenon of non-adaptive structures. We support Darwin’s own pluralistic approach to identifying the agents of evolutionary change.\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":931,"VI":932},"The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme","Các khoảng trống vòm San Marco và hệ hình Pangloss: phê phán chương trình thích nghi luận",{"VOID":934},"42062",{"VOID":936},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1979.0086","PUBLICATION","Auto Verify",[31],[30],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1979.0086",[943,962],{"id":944,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":945,"affiliations":946,"properties":955,"displayName":959,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"d207b109-57ee-4ddc-9d53-e9106cf4ea77",[],[947],{"id":948,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":949,"properties":28},"c9bc50d5-b653-4002-9255-cb71ec7e3fad",{"id":948,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":950,"slug":28,"properties":951,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":954,"statistic":28},[],{"title":952},{"VI":953},"Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard university, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A.",[],{"orcid":956,"title":958,"openalex":960},{"VOID":957},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8929-7899",{"EN":959},"Stephen Jay Gould",{"VOID":961},"A5071663279",{"id":963,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":964,"affiliations":965,"properties":972,"displayName":974,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"723bc95d-9bc4-47af-bcb8-e1484c4e7317",[],[966],{"id":948,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":967,"properties":28},{"id":948,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":968,"slug":28,"properties":969,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":971,"statistic":28},[],{"title":970},{"VI":953},[],{"title":973,"openalex":975},{"EN":974},"Richard C Lewontin",{"VOID":976},"A5058028741","ARTICLE",{"url":28,"publisher":979,"properties":993},{"id":868,"createTime":869,"updateTime":870,"relativeEntities":980,"slug":872,"properties":981,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":880,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"subjectFields":985,"manageAffiliations":986,"indexDatabases":987,"url":28,"thumbnailPath":28,"statistic":988,"gsStatistic":28,"type":28,"analyzePriority":28},[],{"issn":982,"title":983,"eissn":984},{"VOID":875},{"EN":877},{"VOID":879},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":989,"i10Index":69,"i10IndexLast5Year":32,"totalPublication":69,"totalPublicationByYear":990,"totalCitation":887,"totalCitationByYear":991,"totalCitationPerPublication":905,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":992,"hindexLast5Year":133,"hindex":133},{},{"1957":40,"1958":40,"1960":40,"1964":40,"1968":123,"1969":40,"1971":123,"1972":123,"1977":40,"1979":40,"1980":123,"1981":40,"1982":40,"1984":123,"1985":40,"1986":45,"1987":40,"1988":40,"1989":42},{"1957":889,"1958":567,"1960":890,"1964":891,"1968":892,"1969":893,"1971":894,"1972":893,"1977":895,"1979":896,"1980":897,"1981":898,"1982":899,"1984":900,"1985":152,"1986":901,"1987":902,"1988":903,"1989":904},{"1957":889,"1958":567,"1960":890,"1964":891,"1968":907,"1969":893,"1971":908,"1972":196,"1977":895,"1979":896,"1980":909,"1981":898,"1982":899,"1984":910,"1985":152,"1986":911,"1987":902,"1988":903,"1989":912},{"issue":994,"pages":996,"volume":998},{"VOID":995},"1161",{"VOID":997},"581-598",{"VOID":999},"205",7392,{"total":1000,"publishYear":1002,"statisticByYear":1003},1979,{"2012":1004,"2013":573,"2014":1005,"2015":1006,"2016":1004,"2017":1007,"2018":1008,"2019":859,"2020":217,"2021":834,"2022":1009,"2023":1009,"2024":1010},221,247,241,180,217,226,150,"1979-09-21",[],[],false,{"id":1016,"createTime":1017,"updateTime":1018,"relativeEntities":1019,"slug":1020,"properties":1021,"entityType":937,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":1035,"verifyNote":938,"languages":1036,"translateLanguages":1037,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":1038,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":1039,"publicationType":977,"publisherRelationship":1072,"citationCount":1094,"citationInfo":1095,"publishDate":1104,"publishYear":1096,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":1105,"openAccess":28,"references":1106,"isForceReanalyzing":1014},"561b5dd3-c8d2-4c56-bd5b-d72014f9e559","2024-09-19T04:02:49.887+00:00","2026-09-13T14:13:44.283+00:00",[],"Theory-of-edge-detection",{"openalex":1022,"mag":1024,"abstract":1026,"title":1028,"pm":1031,"doi":1033},{"VOID":1023},"W2003370853",{"VOID":1025},"2003370853",{"EN":1027},"\u003Cjats:p>\n            A theory of edge detection is presented. The analysis proceeds in two parts. (1) Intensity changes, which occur in a natural image over a wide range of scales, are detected separately at different scales. An appropriate filter for this purpose at a given scale is found to be the second derivative of a Gaussian, and it is shown that, provided some simple conditions are satisfied, these primary filters need not be orientation-dependent. Thus, intensity changes at a given scale are best detected by finding the zero values of ∇\n            \u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>\n            \u003Cjats:italic>G(x, y)\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\n            *\n            \u003Cjats:italic>I(x, y)\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\n            for image I, where\n            \u003Cjats:italic>G(x, y)\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\n            is a two-dimen­sional Gaussian distribution and ∇\n            \u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>\n            is the Laplacian. The intensity changes thus discovered in each of the channels are then represented by oriented primitives called zero-crossing segments, and evidence is given that this representation is complete. (2) Intensity changes in images arise from surface discontinuities or from reflectance or illumination bound­aries, and these all have the property that they are spatially localized. Because of this, the zero-crossing segments from the different channels are not independent, and rules are deduced for combining them into a description of the image. This description is called the raw primal sketch. The theory explains several basic psychophysical findings, and the opera­tion of forming oriented zero-crossing segments from the output of centre-surround ∇\n            \u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>\n            \u003Cjats:italic>G\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\n            filters acting on the image forms the basis for a physiological model of simple cells (see Marr & Ullman 1979).\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1029,"VI":1030},"Theory of edge detection","Lý thuyết về phát hiện cạnh",{"VOID":1032},"6102765",{"VOID":1034},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1980.0020","2024-09-19T04:02:49.886+00:00",[31],[30],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1980.0020",[1040,1057],{"id":1041,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1042,"affiliations":1043,"properties":1052,"displayName":1054,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"9edc74fa-0e30-431d-9310-9c27d376943b",[],[1044],{"id":1045,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1046,"properties":28},"44c95cce-ed8b-4dbd-b40d-ad27f8485a43",{"id":1045,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1047,"slug":28,"properties":1048,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1051,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1049},{"EN":1050},"M. I. T. Psychology Department and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 79 Amherst Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U. S. A.",[],{"title":1053,"openalex":1055},{"EN":1054},"David Marr",{"VOID":1056},"A5054589311",{"id":1058,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":1059,"affiliations":1060,"properties":1067,"displayName":1069,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"d4c5f31b-658f-4012-9e5b-816fa958cd2c",[],[1061],{"id":1045,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1062,"properties":28},{"id":1045,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1063,"slug":28,"properties":1064,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1066,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1065},{"EN":1050},[],{"title":1068,"openalex":1070},{"EN":1069},"Ellen C. Hildreth",{"VOID":1071},"A5081215944",{"url":28,"publisher":1073,"properties":1087},{"id":868,"createTime":869,"updateTime":870,"relativeEntities":1074,"slug":872,"properties":1075,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":880,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"subjectFields":1079,"manageAffiliations":1080,"indexDatabases":1081,"url":28,"thumbnailPath":28,"statistic":1082,"gsStatistic":28,"type":28,"analyzePriority":28},[],{"issn":1076,"title":1077,"eissn":1078},{"VOID":875},{"EN":877},{"VOID":879},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":1083,"i10Index":69,"i10IndexLast5Year":32,"totalPublication":69,"totalPublicationByYear":1084,"totalCitation":887,"totalCitationByYear":1085,"totalCitationPerPublication":905,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1086,"hindexLast5Year":133,"hindex":133},{},{"1957":40,"1958":40,"1960":40,"1964":40,"1968":123,"1969":40,"1971":123,"1972":123,"1977":40,"1979":40,"1980":123,"1981":40,"1982":40,"1984":123,"1985":40,"1986":45,"1987":40,"1988":40,"1989":42},{"1957":889,"1958":567,"1960":890,"1964":891,"1968":892,"1969":893,"1971":894,"1972":893,"1977":895,"1979":896,"1980":897,"1981":898,"1982":899,"1984":900,"1985":152,"1986":901,"1987":902,"1988":903,"1989":904},{"1957":889,"1958":567,"1960":890,"1964":891,"1968":907,"1969":893,"1971":908,"1972":196,"1977":895,"1979":896,"1980":909,"1981":898,"1982":899,"1984":910,"1985":152,"1986":911,"1987":902,"1988":903,"1989":912},{"issue":1088,"pages":1090,"volume":1092},{"VOID":1089},"1167",{"VOID":1091},"187-217",{"VOID":1093},"207",6025,{"total":1094,"publishYear":1096,"statisticByYear":1097},1980,{"2012":1098,"2013":607,"2014":605,"2015":1099,"2016":1100,"2017":1101,"2018":1102,"2019":213,"2020":520,"2021":1103,"2022":153,"2023":329,"2024":161},200,172,155,184,162,170,"1980-02-29",[],[1107,1110,1113,1116,1119,1122,1125,1128,1131,1134,1137,1140,1143,1147,1150,1153,1156,1160,1163,1166,1169,1172,1175,1178,1182,1186,1189,1193,1196,1200,1203,1206,1209,1212,1215,1218,1221,1224,1227,1230,1233,1236,1239,1243,1247,1251,1254,1257,1260,1263,1266,1269],{"id":28,"text":1108,"url":28,"identifiers":1109},"Alpern M., 1970, The size of rod signals, Lond., 206, 193",{},{"id":28,"text":1111,"url":28,"identifiers":1112},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(74)90096-0",{"doi":1111},{"id":28,"text":1114,"url":28,"identifiers":1115},"10.1111\u002Fj.1749-6632.1969.tb14019.x",{"doi":1114},{"id":28,"text":1117,"url":28,"identifiers":1118},"10.1038\u002F279189a0",{"doi":1117},{"id":28,"text":1120,"url":28,"identifiers":1121},"Barlow H. B., 1967, The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. J . Physiol, Lond., 193, 327",{},{"id":28,"text":1123,"url":28,"identifiers":1124},"Bracewell R. 1965 The Fourier transform and its applications. New York: MacGraw-Hill.",{},{"id":28,"text":1126,"url":28,"identifiers":1127},"Burton G. J., 1977, Processing by the human visual system of the light and dark contrast components of the retinal image, Biol. Cybernetics, 28, 1",{},{"id":28,"text":1129,"url":28,"identifiers":1130},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(78)90082-2",{"doi":1129},{"id":28,"text":1132,"url":28,"identifiers":1133},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1968.sp008574",{"doi":1132},{"id":28,"text":1135,"url":28,"identifiers":1136},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1971.sp009581",{"doi":1135},{"id":28,"text":1138,"url":28,"identifiers":1139},"Cowan J. D., 1977, Some remarks on channel bandwidths for visual contrast detection. Neurosci, Res. Prog. Bull., 15, 492",{},{"id":28,"text":1141,"url":28,"identifiers":1142},"Crick F. H. C. Marr D. & Poggio T. 1980 An information processing approach to understanding the visual cortex. To appear in the N.R.P. symposium The cerebral cortex (ed. F. O. Schmidt & F. G. Worden).",{},{"id":28,"text":1144,"url":28,"identifiers":1145},"De Valois K. K. 1977 Res. 17 1057-1065. aSpatial frequency adaptation can enhance contrast sensitivity. Vision",{"doi":1146},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(77)90010-4",{"id":28,"text":1148,"url":28,"identifiers":1149},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(77)90084-0",{"doi":1148},{"id":28,"text":1151,"url":28,"identifiers":1152},"Enroth-Cugell C., 1966, The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat. J.Physiol, Lond., 187, 517",{},{"id":28,"text":1154,"url":28,"identifiers":1155},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(77)90140-7",{"doi":1154},{"id":28,"text":1157,"url":28,"identifiers":1158},"Harmon L. D. & Julesz B. 1973 Masking in visual recognition: effects of two-dimensional filtered noise. Science N .Y . 180 1194-1197.",{"doi":1159},"10.1126\u002Fscience.180.4091.1194",{"id":28,"text":1161,"url":28,"identifiers":1162},"10.1007\u002FBF00239810",{"doi":1161},{"id":28,"text":1164,"url":28,"identifiers":1165},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1961.sp006635",{"doi":1164},{"id":28,"text":1167,"url":28,"identifiers":1168},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1962.sp006837",{"doi":1167},{"id":28,"text":1170,"url":28,"identifiers":1171},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1968.sp008455",{"doi":1170},{"id":28,"text":1173,"url":28,"identifiers":1174},"Hubei D. H., 1974, Uniformity of monkey striate cortex: a parallel relationship between field size, scatter, and magnification factor. J. comp, Neurol., 158, 295",{},{"id":28,"text":1176,"url":28,"identifiers":1177},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(73)90006-0",{"doi":1176},{"id":28,"text":1179,"url":28,"identifiers":1180},"Leipnik R. i960 The extended entropy uncertainty principle. Inf. Control 3 18-25.",{"doi":1181},"10.1016\u002FS0019-9958(60)90227-8",{"id":28,"text":1183,"url":28,"identifiers":1184},"Logan B. F. Jr 1977 Information in the zero-crossings of bandpass signals. Bell Syst. tech. J. 56. 487-510.",{"doi":1185},"10.1002\u002Fj.1538-7305.1977.tb00522.x",{"id":28,"text":1187,"url":28,"identifiers":1188},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(74)90157-6",{"doi":1187},{"id":28,"text":1190,"url":28,"identifiers":1191},"Maffei L. & Fiorentini A. 1972 240 479-481. aProcess of synthesis in visual perception. Nature Lond.",{"doi":1192},"10.1038\u002F240479a0",{"id":28,"text":1194,"url":28,"identifiers":1195},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1972.35.1.65",{"doi":1194},{"id":28,"text":1197,"url":28,"identifiers":1198},"Maffei L. & Fiorentini A. 1077 Spatial frequency rows in the striate visual cortex. Vision Res. 17 257-264.",{"doi":1199},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(77)90089-X",{"id":28,"text":1201,"url":28,"identifiers":1202},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1970.0040",{"doi":1201},{"id":28,"text":1204,"url":28,"identifiers":1205},"Marr D., 1976, Analyzing natural images: a computational theory of texture vision. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. quant, Biol., 40, 647",{},{"id":28,"text":1207,"url":28,"identifiers":1208},"10.1098\u002Frstb.1976.0090",{"doi":1207},{"id":28,"text":1210,"url":28,"identifiers":1211},"Marr D. 1978 Representing visual information. A.A.A.S. 143rd Annual Meeting Symposium o n : Some mathematical questions in biology February 1977. Published in Lectures on mathematics in the life sciences 10 101-180. Also available as M.I.T. A .I. Lab. Memo 415.",{},{"id":28,"text":1213,"url":28,"identifiers":1214},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1979.0029",{"doi":1213},{"id":28,"text":1216,"url":28,"identifiers":1217},"10.1364\u002FJOSA.69.000914",{"doi":1216},{"id":28,"text":1219,"url":28,"identifiers":1220},"Marr D. & Ullman S. 1979 Directional selectivity and its use in early visual processing. (In preparation.)",{},{"id":28,"text":1222,"url":28,"identifiers":1223},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(78)90138-4",{"doi":1222},{"id":28,"text":1225,"url":28,"identifiers":1226},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(72)90041-7",{"doi":1225},{"id":28,"text":1228,"url":28,"identifiers":1229},"Peichl L., 1979, Size, scatter and coverage of ganglion cell receptive field centres in the cat retina. J . Physiol, Lond., 291, 117",{},{"id":28,"text":1231,"url":28,"identifiers":1232},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1977.40.6.1392",{"doi":1231},{"id":28,"text":1234,"url":28,"identifiers":1235},"Pollen D. A., 1971, How does the striate cortex begin the reconstruction of the visual world? Science N, Y ., 173, 74",{},{"id":28,"text":1237,"url":28,"identifiers":1238},"Ratliff F. 1965 Mach bands: quantitative studies on neural networks in the retina. San Francisco: Holden-Day.",{},{"id":28,"text":1240,"url":28,"identifiers":1241},"Rodieck R. W. & Stone J. 1965 Analysis of receptive fields of cat retinal ganglion cells. J .Neurophysiol. 28 833-849.",{"doi":1242},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1965.28.5.833",{"id":28,"text":1244,"url":28,"identifiers":1245},"Rosenfeld A. & Kak A. C. 1976 Digital picture processing. New York: Academic Press.",{"doi":1246},"10.1007\u002F3-540-07579-8",{"id":28,"text":1248,"url":28,"identifiers":1249},"Sachs M. B. Nachmias J. & Robson J. G. 1971 Spatial-frequency channels in human vision. J. opt. Soc. A m .61 1176-1186.",{"doi":1250},"10.1364\u002FJOSA.61.001176",{"id":28,"text":1252,"url":28,"identifiers":1253},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1973.sp010133",{"doi":1252},{"id":28,"text":1255,"url":28,"identifiers":1256},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1976.39.6.1288",{"doi":1255},{"id":28,"text":1258,"url":28,"identifiers":1259},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1976.39.6.1320",{"doi":1258},{"id":28,"text":1261,"url":28,"identifiers":1262},"10.1007\u002FBF00344165",{"doi":1261},{"id":28,"text":1264,"url":28,"identifiers":1265},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(77)90069-4",{"doi":1264},{"id":28,"text":1267,"url":28,"identifiers":1268},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(79)90117-2",{"doi":1267},{"id":28,"text":1270,"url":28,"identifiers":1271},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(77)90152-3",{"doi":1270},{"id":1273,"createTime":1274,"updateTime":1274,"relativeEntities":1275,"slug":1276,"properties":1277,"entityType":937,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":1274,"verifyNote":938,"languages":1290,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":1291,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":1292,"publicationType":977,"publisherRelationship":1325,"citationCount":889,"citationInfo":1347,"publishDate":1354,"publishYear":1348,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":1355,"openAccess":28,"references":1356,"isForceReanalyzing":1014},"bf138297-d34e-430d-9a06-2bac3b684da3","2024-09-03T16:22:37.730+00:00",[],"Virus-interference-I-The-interferon",{"openalex":1278,"mag":1280,"abstract":1282,"title":1284,"pm":1286,"doi":1288},{"VOID":1279},"W2060926084",{"VOID":1281},"2060926084",{"EN":1283},"\u003Cjats:p>During a study of the interference produced by heat-inactivated influenza virus with the growth of live virus in fragments of chick chorio-allantoic membrane it was found that following incubation of heated virus with membrane a new factor was released. This factor, recognized by its ability to induce interference in fresh pieces of chorio-allantoic membrane, was called interferon. Following a lag phase interferon was first detected in the membranes after 3 h incubation and thereafter it was released into the surrounding fluid.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1285},"Virus interference. I. The interferon",{"VOID":1287},"13465720",{"VOID":1289},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1957.0048",[31],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1957.0048",[1293,1310],{"id":1294,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1295,"affiliations":1296,"properties":1305,"displayName":1307,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"6ae05213-d5b4-4771-8163-f7f1017955e7",[],[1297],{"id":1298,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1299,"properties":28},"9eda086a-c64b-430c-b2bc-c5ecac6dffca",{"id":1298,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1300,"slug":28,"properties":1301,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1304,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1302},{"EN":1303},"National Institute for Medical Research, London",[],{"title":1306,"openalex":1308},{"EN":1307},"A. 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M. L in d P . E . & S tev en s K . M. 1955 A u s t. J . E x p . B iol. M ed . S ci. 33 127.",{},{"id":28,"text":1361,"url":28,"identifiers":1362},"F a z e k a s d e S t G ro th S. Isa a c s A . & E d n e y M. 1952 N a tu r e L oud. 170 573.",{},{"id":28,"text":1364,"url":28,"identifiers":1365},"Ito, 1951, J . H yg, Camb., 49, 247",{},{"id":28,"text":1367,"url":28,"identifiers":1368},"H en le W . 1949 J . E x p . M ed . 90 1.",{},{"id":28,"text":1370,"url":28,"identifiers":1371},"H en le W . 1950 J . Im m u n o l. 64 203.",{"doi":1372},"10.1016\u002FS0033-3506(50)80196-8",{"id":28,"text":1374,"url":28,"identifiers":1375},"H en le W . 1953 Cold S p r. H arb. S y m p . Q uant. B io l. 18 35.",{"doi":1376},"10.1101\u002FSQB.1953.018.01.009",{"id":28,"text":1378,"url":28,"identifiers":1379},"H o rsfall F . L . J r . 1954 J . E x p . M ed . 100 135.",{},{"id":28,"text":1381,"url":28,"identifiers":1382},"H o y le L . 1948 B rit. J . E x p . P a th . 29 390.",{},{"id":28,"text":1384,"url":28,"identifiers":1385},"Isa a c s A . & E d n e y M. 1950a A u s t. J . E x p . B iol. M ed. S c i. 28 219.",{},{"id":28,"text":1387,"url":28,"identifiers":1388},"Isa a c s A . & E d n e y M. 19506 A u s t. J . E x p . B iol. M ed. S ci. 28 231.",{},{"id":28,"text":1390,"url":28,"identifiers":1391},"Isaac s A. & F u Ito n F . 1953 J . Gen. M icrobiol. 9 132.",{},{"id":28,"text":1393,"url":28,"identifiers":1394},"Ish id a N . & A ck erm an n W . W . 1956 J . E x p . M ed. 104 501.",{},{"id":28,"text":1396,"url":28,"identifiers":1397},"P a rk e r R . C. 1950 M ethods o f tissue culture. L o n d o n a n d T o ro n to : Cassell a n d Co.",{},{"id":28,"text":1399,"url":28,"identifiers":1400},"P a u c k e r K . & H en le W . 1955 E x p . M ed. 101 493.",{},{"id":28,"text":1402,"url":28,"identifiers":1403},"S chlesinger R . W . & K a rr H . V . 1956 J . E x p . M ed. 103 309.",{},{"id":28,"text":1405,"url":28,"identifiers":1406},"T am m I . F o Ik ers K . & H o rsfall F . L . J r . 1953 J . E x p . M ed. 98 229.",{},{"id":28,"text":1408,"url":28,"identifiers":1409},"T y rrell D . A. J . & T am m I . 1955 Im m u n o l. 75 43.",{"doi":1410},"10.3109\u002F00016925509174515",{"id":1412,"createTime":1413,"updateTime":1413,"relativeEntities":1414,"slug":1415,"properties":1416,"entityType":937,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":1413,"verifyNote":938,"languages":1429,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":1430,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":1431,"publicationType":977,"publisherRelationship":1464,"citationCount":895,"citationInfo":1486,"publishDate":1489,"publishYear":1487,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":1490,"openAccess":28,"references":1491,"isForceReanalyzing":1014},"95f886c6-a876-4364-9283-b4ab68200349","2024-08-31T02:50:43.028+00:00",[],"Ferrier-lecture-Functional-architecture-of-macaque-monkey-visual-cortex",{"openalex":1417,"mag":1419,"abstract":1421,"title":1423,"pm":1425,"doi":1427},{"VOID":1418},"W2053120614",{"VOID":1420},"2053120614",{"EN":1422},"\u003Cjats:p>Of the many possible functions of the macaque monkey primary visual cortex (striate cortex, area 17) two are now fairly well understood. First, the incoming information from the lateral geniculate bodies is rearranged so that most cells in the striate cortex respond to specifically oriented line segments, and, second, information originating from the two eyes converges upon single cells. The rearrangement and convergence do not take place immediately, however: in layer IVc, where the bulk of the afferents terminate, virtually all cells have fields with circular symmetry and are strictly monocular, driven from the left eye or from the right, but not both; at subsequent stages, in layers above and below IVc, most cells show orientation specificity, and about half are binocular. In a binocular cell the receptive fields in the two eyes are on corresponding regions in the two retinas and are identical in structure, but one eye is usually more effective than the other in influencing the cell; all shades of ocular dominance are seen. These two functions are strongly reflected in the architecture of the cortex, in that cells with common physiological properties are grouped together in vertically organized systems of columns. In an ocular dominance column all cells respond preferentially to the same eye. By four independent anatomical methods it has been shown that these columns have the form of vertically disposed alternating left-eye and right-eye slabs, which in horizontal section form alternating stripes about 400 μm thick, with occasional bifurcations and blind endings. Cells of like orientation specificity are known from physiological recordings to be similarly grouped in much narrower vertical sheeet-like aggregations, stacked in orderly sequences so that on traversing the cortex tangentially one normally encounters a succession of small shifts in orientation, clockwise or counterclockwise; a 1 mm traverse is usually accompanied by one or several full rotations through 180°, broken at times by reversals in direction of rotation and occasionally by large abrupt shifts. A full complement of columns, of either type, left-plus-right eye or a complete 180° sequence, is termed a hypercolumn. Columns (and hence hypercolumns) have roughly the same width throughout the binocular part of the cortex. The two independent systems of hypercolumns are engrafted upon the well known topographic representation of the visual field. The receptive fields mapped in a vertical penetration through cortex show a scatter in position roughly equal to the average size of the fields themselves, and the area thus covered, the aggregate receptive field, increases with distance from the fovea. A parallel increase is seen in reciprocal magnification (the number of degrees of visual field corresponding to 1 mm of cortex). Over most or all of the striate cortex a movement of 1-2 mm, traversing several hypercolumns, is accompanied by a movement through the visual field about equal in size to the local aggregate receptive field. Thus any 1-2 mm block of cortex contains roughly the machinery needed to subserve an aggregate receptive field. In the cortex the fall-off in detail with which the visual field is analysed, as one moves out from the foveal area, is accompanied not by a reduction in thickness of layers, as is found in the retina, but by a reduction in the area of cortex (and hence the number of columnar units) devoted to a given amount of visual field: unlike the retina, the striate cortex is virtually uniform morphologically but varies in magnification. In most respects the above description fits the newborn monkey just as well as the adult, suggesting that area 17 is largely genetically programmed. The ocular dominance columns, however, are not fully developed at birth, since the geniculate terminals belonging to one eye occupy layer IVc throughout its length, segregating out into separate columns only after about the first 6 weeks, whether or not the animal has visual experience. If one eye is sutured closed during this early period the columns belonging to that eye become shrunken and their companions correspondingly expanded. This would seem to be at least in part the result of interference with normal maturation, though sprouting and retraction of axon terminals are not excluded.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1424},"Ferrier lecture - Functional architecture of macaque monkey visual cortex",{"VOID":1426},"20635",{"VOID":1428},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1977.0085",[31],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1977.0085",[1432,1449],{"id":1433,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1434,"affiliations":1435,"properties":1444,"displayName":1446,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"a05a8f20-20b2-4142-8784-b381b9790ec9",[],[1436],{"id":1437,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1438,"properties":28},"591459c5-1e25-4888-8b56-10474419bf8e",{"id":1437,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1439,"slug":28,"properties":1440,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1443,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1441},{"VI":1442},"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A.",[],{"title":1445,"openalex":1447},{"EN":1446},"David H. 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O., 1972, Striate neurons: receptive field concepts, Investigative Ophthalmol., 11, 346",{},{"id":28,"text":1505,"url":28,"identifiers":1506},"10.1007\u002FBF00234129",{"doi":1505},{"id":28,"text":1508,"url":28,"identifiers":1509},"Blakemore C., 1975, Innate and environmental factors in the development of the kitten's visual cortex. J . Physiol, Lond., 248, 663",{},{"id":28,"text":1511,"url":28,"identifiers":1512},"10.1093\u002Fbrain\u002F49.1.1",{"doi":1511},{"id":28,"text":1514,"url":28,"identifiers":1515},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(75)90749-0",{"doi":1514},{"id":28,"text":1517,"url":28,"identifiers":1518},"Clark W. E., 1941, The laminar organization and cell content of the lateral geniculate body in the monkey. J, Anat. (Lond), 75, 419",{},{"id":28,"text":1520,"url":28,"identifiers":1521},"Clark W. E., 1939, Structural changes in the isolated visual cortex, J.Anat. (Lond), 73, 563",{},{"id":28,"text":1523,"url":28,"identifiers":1524},"Cleland B. G., 1974, Properties of rarely encountered types of ganglion cells in the cat's retina and an overall classification. J . Physiol, Lond., 240, 457",{},{"id":28,"text":1526,"url":28,"identifiers":1527},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(72)90344-7",{"doi":1526},{"id":28,"text":1529,"url":28,"identifiers":1530},"Daniel P. M., 1961, The representation of the visual field on the cerebral cortex in monkeys. J . Physiol, Lond., 159, 203",{},{"id":28,"text":1532,"url":28,"identifiers":1533},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(74)90607-6",{"doi":1532},{"id":28,"text":1535,"url":28,"identifiers":1536},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901600302",{"doi":1535},{"id":28,"text":1538,"url":28,"identifiers":1539},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(67)90166-7",{"doi":1538},{"id":28,"text":1541,"url":28,"identifiers":1542},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(73)90782-8",{"doi":1541},{"id":28,"text":1544,"url":28,"identifiers":1545},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901630106",{"doi":1544},{"id":28,"text":1547,"url":28,"identifiers":1548},"Gilbert C. D. 1977 Laminar differences in receptive field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex. J . Physiol. Land. (In the press.)",{"doi":1549},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1977.sp011863",{"id":28,"text":1551,"url":28,"identifiers":1552},"Glendenning K. K. & Kofron E. A. 1974 Projections of individual laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus in the prosimian. 4 thann. meet. Soc. Neurosci. (St Louis) Abstr. p. 229.",{},{"id":28,"text":1554,"url":28,"identifiers":1555},"10.1002\u002Far.1091580313",{"doi":1554},{"id":28,"text":1557,"url":28,"identifiers":1558},"10.1016\u002F0014-4886(73)90040-X",{"doi":1557},{"id":28,"text":1560,"url":28,"identifiers":1561},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901280104",{"doi":1560},{"id":28,"text":1563,"url":28,"identifiers":1564},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901440106",{"doi":1563},{"id":28,"text":1566,"url":28,"identifiers":1567},"10.1007\u002FBF00335403",{"doi":1566},{"id":28,"text":1569,"url":28,"identifiers":1570},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901390403",{"doi":1569},{"id":28,"text":1572,"url":28,"identifiers":1573},"Hartline H. K., 1940, The receptive fields of optic nerve fibers. Amer. J, Physiol., 130, 690",{},{"id":28,"text":1575,"url":28,"identifiers":1576},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1972.35.4.518",{"doi":1575},{"id":28,"text":1578,"url":28,"identifiers":1579},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(75)90568-5",{"doi":1578},{"id":28,"text":1581,"url":28,"identifiers":1582},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(77)90299-2",{"doi":1581},{"id":28,"text":1584,"url":28,"identifiers":1585},"Hubei D. H., 1959, Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat's striate cortex. J . Physiol, Lond., 148, 574",{},{"id":28,"text":1587,"url":28,"identifiers":1588},"Hubei D. H. & Wiesel T. N. i960 Receptive fields of optic nerve fibres in the spider monkey. J . Physiol. Lond. 154 572-580.",{"doi":1589},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1960.sp006596",{"id":28,"text":1591,"url":28,"identifiers":1592},"Hubei D. H., 1961, Integrative action in the cat's lateral geniculate body. J . Physiol, Lond., 155, 385",{},{"id":28,"text":1594,"url":28,"identifiers":1595},"Hubei D. H., 1962, Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. J . Physiol, Lond., 160, 106",{},{"id":28,"text":1597,"url":28,"identifiers":1598},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1963.26.6.994",{"doi":1597},{"id":28,"text":1600,"url":28,"identifiers":1601},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1965.28.2.229",{"doi":1600},{"id":28,"text":1603,"url":28,"identifiers":1604},"Hubei D. H., 1968, Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. J . Physiol, Lond., 195, 215",{},{"id":28,"text":1606,"url":28,"identifiers":1607},"10.1038\u002F225041a0",{"doi":1606},{"id":28,"text":1609,"url":28,"identifiers":1610},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901460402",{"doi":1609},{"id":28,"text":1612,"url":28,"identifiers":1613},"Hubei D. H., 1973, A re-examination of stereoscopic mechanisms in area 17 of the cat. J . Physiol, Lond., 232, 29",{},{"id":28,"text":1615,"url":28,"identifiers":1616},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901580304",{"doi":1615},{"id":28,"text":1618,"url":28,"identifiers":1619},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901580305",{"doi":1618},{"id":28,"text":1621,"url":28,"identifiers":1622},"Hubei D. H. Wiesel T. N. & LeVay S. 1974 Visual-field representation in layer IV C of monkey striate cortex. 4 t h a n n . meet. Soc.(St Louis) Abstr. p. 264.",{},{"id":28,"text":1624,"url":28,"identifiers":1625},"Hubei D. H., 1976, Functional architecture of area 17 in normal and monocularly deprived macaque monkeys, Gold Spr. Harbor Quant. Biol., 40, 681",{},{"id":28,"text":1627,"url":28,"identifiers":1628},"Hubei D. H., 1977, Plasticity of ocular dominance columns in monkey striate cortex, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Loud. B, 278, 131",{},{"id":28,"text":1630,"url":28,"identifiers":1631},"Kelly J. P., 1974, Cell structure and function in the visual cortex of the cat. J .Physiol, Loud., 238, 515",{},{"id":28,"text":1633,"url":28,"identifiers":1634},"Kennedy C., 1975, The ocular dominance columns of the striate cortex as studied by the deoxyglucose method for measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization, Trans. Am. Neurol. Ass., 100, 74",{},{"id":28,"text":1636,"url":28,"identifiers":1637},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1953.16.1.37",{"doi":1636},{"id":28,"text":1639,"url":28,"identifiers":1640},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(68)90052-8",{"doi":1639},{"id":28,"text":1642,"url":28,"identifiers":1643},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901590408",{"doi":1642},{"id":28,"text":1645,"url":28,"identifiers":1646},"Lettvin J. Y. Maturana H. R. McCulloch W. S. & Pitts W. H. 1959 What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain. Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs. N .Y . 47 1940-1951.",{"doi":1647},"10.1109\u002FJRPROC.1959.287207",{"id":28,"text":1649,"url":28,"identifiers":1650},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901470404",{"doi":1649},{"id":28,"text":1652,"url":28,"identifiers":1653},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901640303",{"doi":1652},{"id":28,"text":1655,"url":28,"identifiers":1656},"Minkowski M., 1920, 2. Uber den Verlauf, die Endigung und die zentrale Representation von gekreuzten und ungekreuzten Sehnervenfasem bei einigen Saugetieren und beim Menschen, Schweiz Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 6, 201",{},{"id":28,"text":1658,"url":28,"identifiers":1659},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1957.20.4.408",{"doi":1658},{"id":28,"text":1661,"url":28,"identifiers":1662},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(74)90295-9",{"doi":1661},{"id":28,"text":1664,"url":28,"identifiers":1665},"Polyak S. 1957 The vertebrate visual system (ed. H. Kliiver) Chicago 111.: University of Chicago Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":1667,"url":28,"identifiers":1668},"Portmann A. 1948 Tiergestalt - Basel: Reinhardt. Studieniiber die Bedeutung der tierischen Erscheinung.",{},{"id":28,"text":1670,"url":28,"identifiers":1671},"10.1098\u002Frstb.1977.0040",{"doi":1670},{"id":28,"text":1673,"url":28,"identifiers":1674},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(75)90322-4",{"doi":1673},{"id":28,"text":1676,"url":28,"identifiers":1677},"10.1016\u002F0042-6989(69)90117-5",{"doi":1676},{"id":28,"text":1255,"url":28,"identifiers":1679},{"doi":1255},{"id":28,"text":1681,"url":28,"identifiers":1682},"Shatz C. J. Lindstrom S. H. &Wiesel T. N. 1977 The distribution of afferents representing the right and left eyes in the cat's visual cortex. Brain Res. (In the press.)",{"doi":1683},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(77)90031-2",{"id":28,"text":1685,"url":28,"identifiers":1686},"Sherman S. M. 1973 Visual field defects in monocularly and binocularly deprived cats Brain Res. 49 25-45.",{"doi":1687},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(73)90399-5",{"id":28,"text":1689,"url":28,"identifiers":1690},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901580102",{"doi":1689},{"id":28,"text":1692,"url":28,"identifiers":1693},"Sokoloff L. 1975 Influence of functional activity on local cerebral glucose utilization. In Brain work. The coupling of function metabolism and blood flow in the brain (ed. D. H. Ingvar and N. A. Lassen) pp. 385-388. New York: Academic Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":1695,"url":28,"identifiers":1696},"Sokoloff L. 1977 Measurement of local glucose utilization and its use in mapping local functional activity in the central nervous system. Proc. 4 World Congress of Psychiatric Surgery Madrid Sept. 7-10 1975 pp. 111-121.",{},{"id":28,"text":1698,"url":28,"identifiers":1699},"Stone J. & Fukuda Y. 1974 Properties of cat retinal ganglion cells: a comparison of W-cells with X- and Y-cells. J ■Neurophysiol. 37 722-748.",{"doi":1700},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1974.37.4.722",{"id":28,"text":1702,"url":28,"identifiers":1703},"10.1016\u002FS0002-9394(41)91363-6",{"doi":1702},{"id":28,"text":1705,"url":28,"identifiers":1706},"10.1007\u002FBF00234257",{"doi":1705},{"id":28,"text":1708,"url":28,"identifiers":1709},"Van Buren J. M. 1963 The retinal ganglion cell layer. Springfield 111.: Charles C. Thomas.",{},{"id":28,"text":1711,"url":28,"identifiers":1712},"Wiesel T. N. i960 Receptive fields of ganglion cells in the cat's retina. J . Physiol. Lond. 153 583-594.",{"doi":1713},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1960.sp006557",{"id":28,"text":1715,"url":28,"identifiers":1716},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1963.26.6.1003",{"doi":1715},{"id":28,"text":1718,"url":28,"identifiers":1719},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1965.28.6.1029",{"doi":1718},{"id":28,"text":1721,"url":28,"identifiers":1722},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1966.29.6.1115",{"doi":1721},{"id":28,"text":1724,"url":28,"identifiers":1725},"10.1002\u002Fcne.901580306",{"doi":1724},{"id":28,"text":1727,"url":28,"identifiers":1728},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(69)90136-X",{"doi":1727},{"id":1730,"createTime":1731,"updateTime":1731,"relativeEntities":1732,"slug":1733,"properties":1734,"entityType":937,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":1731,"verifyNote":938,"languages":1747,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":1748,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":1749,"publicationType":977,"publisherRelationship":1796,"citationCount":1818,"citationInfo":1819,"publishDate":1826,"publishYear":1820,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":1827,"openAccess":28,"references":1828,"isForceReanalyzing":1014},"621ef299-a9f0-43a3-95dc-06eaa4a6a9d0","2024-09-19T04:03:37.299+00:00",[],"A-model-of-neuronal-bursting-using-three-coupled-first-order-differential-equations",{"openalex":1735,"mag":1737,"abstract":1739,"title":1741,"pm":1743,"doi":1745},{"VOID":1736},"W2163057446",{"VOID":1738},"2163057446",{"EN":1740},"\u003Cjats:p>We describe a modification to our recent model of the action potential which introduces two additional equilibrium points. By using stability analysis we show that one of these equilibrium points is a saddle point from which there are two separatrices which divide the phase plane into two regions. In one region all phase paths approach a limit cycle and in the other all phase paths approach a stable equilibrium point. A consequence of this is that a short depolarizing current pulse will change an initially silent model neuron into one that fires repetitively. Addition of a third equation limits this firing to either an isolated burst or a depolarizing afterpotential. When steady depolarizing current was applied to this model it resulted in periodic bursting. The equations, which were initially developed to explain isolated triggered bursts, therefore provide one of the simplest models of the more general phenomenon of oscillatory burst discharge.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1742},"A model of neuronal bursting using three coupled first order differential equations",{"VOID":1744},"6144106",{"VOID":1746},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1984.0024",[31],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1984.0024",[1750,1775],{"id":1751,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1752,"affiliations":1753,"properties":1770,"displayName":1772,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"3415bc1a-0477-465d-8293-d8e02b50063c",[],[1754,1762],{"id":1755,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1756,"properties":28},"41302593-dbf5-4595-9d03-878f6a3ade7a",{"id":1755,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1757,"slug":28,"properties":1758,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1761,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1759},{"EN":1760},"Find this author on PubMed",[],{"id":1763,"sortIndex":40,"affiliation":1764,"properties":28},"44e296f4-35c4-4181-95e7-17605234bd14",{"id":1763,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1765,"slug":28,"properties":1766,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1769,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1767},{"EN":1768},"Google Scholar",[],{"title":1771,"openalex":1773},{"EN":1772},"J. L. Hindmarsh",{"VOID":1774},"A5054113102",{"id":1776,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":1777,"affiliations":1778,"properties":1791,"displayName":1793,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"da75ea2a-5f15-4c64-a51a-c3ec68de3490",[],[1779,1785],{"id":1755,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1780,"properties":28},{"id":1755,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1781,"slug":28,"properties":1782,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1784,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1783},{"EN":1760},[],{"id":1763,"sortIndex":40,"affiliation":1786,"properties":28},{"id":1763,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1787,"slug":28,"properties":1788,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1790,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1789},{"EN":1768},[],{"title":1792,"openalex":1794},{"EN":1793},"R. M. Rose",{"VOID":1795},"A5087211731",{"url":28,"publisher":1797,"properties":1811},{"id":868,"createTime":869,"updateTime":870,"relativeEntities":1798,"slug":872,"properties":1799,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":880,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"subjectFields":1803,"manageAffiliations":1804,"indexDatabases":1805,"url":28,"thumbnailPath":28,"statistic":1806,"gsStatistic":28,"type":28,"analyzePriority":28},[],{"issn":1800,"title":1801,"eissn":1802},{"VOID":875},{"EN":877},{"VOID":879},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":1807,"i10Index":69,"i10IndexLast5Year":32,"totalPublication":69,"totalPublicationByYear":1808,"totalCitation":887,"totalCitationByYear":1809,"totalCitationPerPublication":905,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1810,"hindexLast5Year":133,"hindex":133},{},{"1957":40,"1958":40,"1960":40,"1964":40,"1968":123,"1969":40,"1971":123,"1972":123,"1977":40,"1979":40,"1980":123,"1981":40,"1982":40,"1984":123,"1985":40,"1986":45,"1987":40,"1988":40,"1989":42},{"1957":889,"1958":567,"1960":890,"1964":891,"1968":892,"1969":893,"1971":894,"1972":893,"1977":895,"1979":896,"1980":897,"1981":898,"1982":899,"1984":900,"1985":152,"1986":901,"1987":902,"1988":903,"1989":904},{"1957":889,"1958":567,"1960":890,"1964":891,"1968":907,"1969":893,"1971":908,"1972":196,"1977":895,"1979":896,"1980":909,"1981":898,"1982":899,"1984":910,"1985":152,"1986":911,"1987":902,"1988":903,"1989":912},{"issue":1812,"pages":1814,"volume":1816},{"VOID":1813},"1222",{"VOID":1815},"87-102",{"VOID":1817},"221",1749,{"total":1818,"publishYear":1820,"statisticByYear":1821},1984,{"2012":1822,"2013":600,"2014":208,"2015":354,"2016":522,"2017":530,"2018":1351,"2019":1823,"2020":154,"2021":1824,"2022":1825,"2023":435,"2024":530},69,124,116,115,"1984-03-22",[],[1829,1832,1835,1838,1841,1844,1847,1850,1853,1856,1860,1863,1866,1870,1873,1876,1879,1882,1885],{"id":28,"text":1830,"url":28,"identifiers":1831},"Arrowsmith D. K. & Place C. M. 1982 Ordinary differential equations. London: Chapman & Hall:",{},{"id":28,"text":1833,"url":28,"identifiers":1834},"Colding-Jorgensen M., 1976, A description of adaptation in excitable membranes. J. theor, Biol., 63, 61",{},{"id":28,"text":1836,"url":28,"identifiers":1837},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1971.sp009366",{"doi":1836},{"id":28,"text":1839,"url":28,"identifiers":1840},"Dickenson P. S., 1983, Control of a central pattern generator by an identified modulatory interneurone in Crustacea. II. Induction and modification of plateau properties in pyloric neurones. J. exp, Biol., 105, 59",{},{"id":28,"text":1842,"url":28,"identifiers":1843},"10.1016\u002FS0006-3495(61)86902-6",{"doi":1842},{"id":28,"text":1845,"url":28,"identifiers":1846},"10.1038\u002F299375a0",{"doi":1845},{"id":28,"text":1848,"url":28,"identifiers":1849},"10.1007\u002FBF01061947",{"doi":1848},{"id":28,"text":1851,"url":28,"identifiers":1852},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1982.sp014475",{"doi":1851},{"id":28,"text":1854,"url":28,"identifiers":1855},"10.1038\u002F296162a0",{"doi":1854},{"id":28,"text":1857,"url":28,"identifiers":1858},"Hindmarsh J. L.&Rose R. M. 19826 BVP models of nerve membrane (reply to C. J. A. Game). N a t u r e Lond. 299 375.",{"doi":1859},"10.1038\u002F299375b0",{"id":28,"text":1861,"url":28,"identifiers":1862},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1952.sp004764",{"doi":1861},{"id":28,"text":1864,"url":28,"identifiers":1865},"Jordan D. W. & Smith P. 1977 Nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":1867,"url":28,"identifiers":1868},"Partridge L. D. & Stevens C. F. J. Physiol. Lond. 256 315-332. 1976 A mechanism for spike frequency adaptation.",{"doi":1869},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1976.sp011327",{"id":28,"text":1871,"url":28,"identifiers":1872},"10.1016\u002FS0006-3495(76)85683-4",{"doi":1871},{"id":28,"text":1874,"url":28,"identifiers":1875},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1982.48.4.914",{"doi":1874},{"id":28,"text":1877,"url":28,"identifiers":1878},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1980.43.5.1296",{"doi":1877},{"id":28,"text":1880,"url":28,"identifiers":1881},"10.1038\u002F253450a0",{"doi":1880},{"id":28,"text":1883,"url":28,"identifiers":1884},"10.1152\u002Fjn.1976.39.1.153",{"doi":1883},{"id":28,"text":1886,"url":28,"identifiers":1887},"10.1126\u002Fscience.186.4167.932",{"doi":1886},{"id":1889,"createTime":1890,"updateTime":1890,"relativeEntities":1891,"slug":1892,"properties":1893,"entityType":937,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":1890,"verifyNote":938,"languages":1906,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":1907,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":1908,"publicationType":977,"publisherRelationship":1943,"citationCount":891,"citationInfo":1965,"publishDate":1968,"publishYear":1966,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":1969,"openAccess":28,"references":1970,"isForceReanalyzing":1014},"f7ea0131-7cbc-48b5-a2b2-c61e7f357fbf","2024-09-03T01:10:51.120+00:00",[],"The-route-of-re-circulation-of-lymphocytes-in-the-rat",{"openalex":1894,"mag":1896,"abstract":1898,"title":1900,"pm":1902,"doi":1904},{"VOID":1895},"W1999626234",{"VOID":1897},"1999626234",{"EN":1899},"\u003Cjats:p>The experiments presented in this paper support the idea that the output of small lymphocytes from the thoracic duct of the rat (about 10\u003Cjats:sup>9\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>\u002Fday) is normally maintained by a large-scale re-circulation of cells from the blood to the lymph. It has been shown that the main channel from blood to lymph lies with in the lymph nodes and that small lymphocytes enter the nodes by crossing the walls of a specialized set of blood vessels, the post-capillary venules. In order to trace the fate of small lymphocytes, cells from the thoracic duct of rats were incubated for 1 h\u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>with tritiated adenosine. This labelled the\u003Cjats:italic>RNA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>of about 65% of the small lymphocytes and more than 95% of the large lymphocytes; it also labelled the\u003Cjats:italic>DNA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>of a proportion of the large lymphocytes. The mixture of small and large labelled lymphocytes was transfused into the blood of two groups of rats which belonged to the same highly inbred strain as the cell donors. At various times after the transfusions the thoracic ducts in one group of rats were cannulated to determine the proportion of labelled cells which could be recovered in the lymph; at corresponding times, the rats in the other group were killed and autoradiographs prepared from their tissues to determine the location of the labelled cells. The radioactive label in the\u003Cjats:italic>RNA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>of small lymphocytes was stable enough to ensure that the labelled small lymphocytes which were recovered in the lymph several days after a transfusion were those which had originally been transfused into the blood. When the thoracic duct was cannulated 20 to 27 h after a transfusion, about 70% of the labelled small lymphocytes which had been transfused into the blood could be recovered from the thoracic duct over a 5-day period of lymph collection. During the first 36 to 48 h after cannulation, while the total output of small lymphocytes was falling rapidly, the proportion of labelled cells in the lymph remained approximately constant. The pool of the animal’s own cells with which the labelled cells had mixed contained between 1·5 and 2 × 10\u003Cjats:sup>9\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>small lymphocytes; this was identified as the re-circulating pool. An autoradiographic study showed that after their transfusion into the blood the labelled small lymphocytes ‘homed’ rapidly and in large numbers into the lymph nodes, the white pulp of the spleen and the Peyer’s patches of the intestine. The concentration of labelled cells in other tissues was trivial in comparison. Labelled small lymphocytes were seen penetrating the endothelium of the post-capillary venules in the lymph nodes within 15 min of the start of a transfusion; they were traced into the cortex of the nodes and finally into the medullary lymph sinuses. Labelled small lymphocytes did not migrate into the adult thymus but a few entered the thymus of newborn rats. It was concluded that the re-circulating pool of small lymphocytes was located in the lymphoid tissue, the thymus excepted, and that the rapid ‘homing’ of cells into the lymph nodes had its basis in the special affinity of small lymphocytes for the endothelium of the post-capillary venules. The interpretation of these experiments was not complicated by the presence of large, as well as of small lymphocytes in the suspensions of labelled cells which were transfused. Other experiments, in which the large lymphocytes alone were labelled with tritiated thymidine, showed that most of them migrated from the blood into the wall of the gut where they assumed the appearance of primitive plasma cells; very few divided to form small lymphocytes.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1901},"The route of re-circulation of lymphocytes in the rat",{"VOID":1903},"14114163",{"VOID":1905},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1964.0001",[31],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1964.0001",[1909,1926],{"id":1910,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1911,"affiliations":1912,"properties":1921,"displayName":1923,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"3c71b702-e435-4dd5-9f40-85f448fcd5ac",[],[1913],{"id":1914,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1915,"properties":28},"e52848bd-0822-460f-9cb0-9d1c3ddd364b",{"id":1914,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1916,"slug":28,"properties":1917,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1920,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1918},{"VI":1919},"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford",[],{"title":1922,"openalex":1924},{"EN":1923},"J. 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Special publication no. 7 of the American Society of Mammalogists.",{},{"id":28,"text":2668,"url":28,"identifiers":2669},"10.1007\u002FBF00292979",{"doi":2668},{"id":28,"text":2671,"url":28,"identifiers":2672},"10.1007\u002FBF00293673",{"doi":2671},{"id":28,"text":2674,"url":28,"identifiers":2675},"Mloszewski M. J. 1983 The behaviour and ecology of the African buffalo. Cambridge University Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2677,"url":28,"identifiers":2678},"Modha. K. L. & Eltringham S. K. 1976 Population ecology of the Uganda kob ( Icob Neumann) in relation to the territorial system in the Ruwenzori National Park Uganda. J. appl.Ecol. 13 453-473.",{"doi":2679},"10.2307\u002F2401795",{"id":28,"text":2681,"url":28,"identifiers":2682},"10.1038\u002F277382a0",{"doi":2681},{"id":28,"text":2684,"url":28,"identifiers":2685},"Moehlman P. D. 1986 Ecology of cooperation in canids. In Ecological aspects of social evolution (ed. D. I. Rubenstein & R. W. Wrangham) pp. 64-86. Princeton University Press.",{"doi":2686},"10.2307\u002Fj.ctt7zvwgq.8",{"id":28,"text":2688,"url":28,"identifiers":2689},"10.1016\u002FS0003-3472(84)80328-0",{"doi":2688},{"id":28,"text":2691,"url":28,"identifiers":2692},"Nishida T. 1983 Alpha status and agonistic alliance in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).Primates 24 318-336.",{"doi":2693},"10.1007\u002FBF02381978",{"id":28,"text":2695,"url":28,"identifiers":2696},"Nishida T. & Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M. 1987 Chimpanzees and bonobos: cooperative relationships among males. In Primate societies (ed. B. B. Smuts D. L. Cheney R. M. Seyfarth R. W. Wrangham & T. T. Struhsaker) pp. 165-178. University of Chicago Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2698,"url":28,"identifiers":2699},"10.1016\u002FS0003-3472(85)80019-1",{"doi":2698},{"id":28,"text":2701,"url":28,"identifiers":2702},"10.1086\u002F282628",{"doi":2701},{"id":28,"text":2704,"url":28,"identifiers":2705},"Orians G. H. 1972 The adaptive significance of mating systems in the Icteridae. Proc. 15th Inti Ornithol. Cong. pp. 389-398. Oxford: Blackwells.",{},{"id":28,"text":2707,"url":28,"identifiers":2708},"10.1086\u002F284391",{"doi":2707},{"id":28,"text":2710,"url":28,"identifiers":2711},"10.1080\u002F00445096.1972.11447444",{"doi":2710},{"id":28,"text":2713,"url":28,"identifiers":2714},"10.1111\u002Fj.1439-0310.1975.tb02010.x",{"doi":2713},{"id":28,"text":2716,"url":28,"identifiers":2717},"10.1086\u002F409720",{"doi":2716},{"id":28,"text":2719,"url":28,"identifiers":2720},"10.1038\u002F265441a0",{"doi":2719},{"id":28,"text":2722,"url":28,"identifiers":2723},"10.1016\u002F0003-3472(79)90126-X",{"doi":2722},{"id":28,"text":2725,"url":28,"identifiers":2726},"10.1016\u002F0003-3472(79)90127-1",{"doi":2725},{"id":28,"text":2728,"url":28,"identifiers":2729},"Packer C. 1986 The ecology of sociality in felids. In Ecological aspects of social evolution (ed. D. I. Rubenstein & R. W. Wrangham) pp. 429-451. Princeton University Press.",{"doi":2730},"10.2307\u002Fj.ctt7zvwgq.23",{"id":28,"text":2732,"url":28,"identifiers":2733},"10.1038\u002F296740a0",{"doi":2732},{"id":28,"text":2735,"url":28,"identifiers":2736},"10.1086\u002F284097",{"doi":2735},{"id":28,"text":2738,"url":28,"identifiers":2739},"Packer C. R. Herbst L. Pusey A. E. Bygott J. D. Hanby J. P. Cairns S. J. & Borgerhoff Mulder M. 1988 Reproductive success of lions. In Reproductive success (ed. T. H. Clutton-Brock) pp. 363-383. University of Chicago Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2741,"url":28,"identifiers":2742},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.en.23.010178.001133",{"doi":2741},{"id":28,"text":2744,"url":28,"identifiers":2745},"Peterson R. L. 1955 North American moose. University of Toronto Press.",{"doi":2746},"10.3138\u002F9781487578213",{"id":28,"text":2748,"url":28,"identifiers":2749},"Prins H. 1987 The buffalo of M anyara.Ph.D. thesis University of Groningen.",{},{"id":28,"text":2751,"url":28,"identifiers":2752},"10.1016\u002F0169-5347(87)90081-4",{"doi":2751},{"id":28,"text":2754,"url":28,"identifiers":2755},"Pusey A. E. & Packer C. R. 1987a Dispersal and philopatry. In Primate societies (ed. B. B. Smuts D. L. Cheney R. M. Seyfarth R. W. Wrangham & T. T. Struhsaker) pp. 250-266. University of Chicago Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2757,"url":28,"identifiers":2758},"Pusey A. E., 1987, 6 Dispersal and philopatry in lions, Behaviour, 101, 275",{},{"id":28,"text":2760,"url":28,"identifiers":2761},"10.1016\u002FS0003-3472(87)80015-5",{"doi":2760},{"id":28,"text":2763,"url":28,"identifiers":2764},"Ramsey M. A., 1986, On the mating system of polar bears, Can. J. Zool., 64, 214",{},{"id":28,"text":2766,"url":28,"identifiers":2767},"10.1016\u002FS0003-3472(86)80271-8",{"doi":2766},{"id":28,"text":2769,"url":28,"identifiers":2770},"Richard A. F. 1987 Malagasy primates female dominance. In Primate societies (ed. B. B. Smuts D. L. Cheney R. M. Seyfarth R. W. Wrangham & T. T. Struhsaker) pp. 25-33. University of Chicago Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2772,"url":28,"identifiers":2773},"Riss D. & Goodall J. 1977 The recent rise to the alpha rank in a population of free living chimpanzees. Folia primat.27 134-151.",{"doi":2774},"10.1159\u002F000155784",{"id":28,"text":2776,"url":28,"identifiers":2777},"Robinson J. G. &Janson C. H. 1987 Capuchins squirrel monkeys and atelines: socioecological convergence with Old World primates. In Primate societies (ed. B. B. Smuts D. L. Cheney R. M. Seyfarth R. W. Wrangham & T. T. Struhsaker) pp. 69-82. University of Chicago Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2779,"url":28,"identifiers":2780},"Robinson J. G. Wright P. C. & Kinzey W. G. 1987 Monogamous cebids and their relatives: intergroup calls and spacing. In Primate societies (ed. B. B. Smuts D. L. Cheney R. M. Seyfarth R. W. Wrangham & T. T. Struhsaker) pp. 44-53. University of Chicago Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2782,"url":28,"identifiers":2783},"10.1007\u002FBF00300353",{"doi":2782},{"id":28,"text":2785,"url":28,"identifiers":2786},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2028.1975.tb00125.x",{"doi":2785},{"id":28,"text":2788,"url":28,"identifiers":2789},"Rood J. P. 1986 Ecology and social evolution in the mongooses. In Ecological aspects of social evolution (ed. D. I. Rubenstein & R. W. Wrangham) pp. 131-152. Princeton University Press.",{"doi":2790},"10.2307\u002Fj.ctt7zvwgq.11",{"id":28,"text":2792,"url":28,"identifiers":2793},"van Roosmalen M. G. M. 1980 Habitat pReferences diet feeding strategy and social organisation of the black spider monkey (Ateles p. paniscus Linnaeus 1758). Arnhem: Surinam Rijksinstitut voor Naturbeheer.",{},{"id":28,"text":2795,"url":28,"identifiers":2796},"Rosser A. M. 1987 Resource defence in an African antelope the puku Kobus vardoni. Ph.D. thesis University of Cambridge.",{},{"id":28,"text":2798,"url":28,"identifiers":2799},"Rubenstein D. I. 1980 On the evolution of alternative mating strategies. In Limits to action (ed. J. E. R. Staddon) pp. 65-100. London: Academic Press.",{"doi":2800},"10.1016\u002FB978-0-12-662650-6.50009-X",{"id":28,"text":2802,"url":28,"identifiers":2803},"Rubenstein D. I. 1986 Ecology and sociality in horses and zebras. In Ecological aspects of social evolution (ed. D. I. Rubenstein & R. W. Wrangham) pp. 282-302. Princeton University Press.",{"doi":2804},"10.2307\u002Fj.ctt7zvwgq.17",{"id":28,"text":2806,"url":28,"identifiers":2807},"Rubenstein D. I. & Wrangham R. W. 1986 Socioecology: origins and trends. In Ecological aspects of social evolution (ed. D. I. Rubenstein & R. W. Wrangham) pp. 3-20. Princeton University Press.",{"doi":2808},"10.2307\u002Fj.ctt7zvwgq.5",{"id":28,"text":2810,"url":28,"identifiers":2811},"Rutberg A. T. 1983 The evolution of monogamy in primates. J. theor. Biol. 104. 93- 112.",{"doi":2812},"10.1016\u002F0022-5193(83)90403-4",{"id":28,"text":2814,"url":28,"identifiers":2815},"Schaal A., 1986, Mise en evidence d un comportement de reproduction en arene chez le Daim d 'Europe (Dama dama dama) C.r, Acad. Sci. Paris, 111, 729",{},{"id":28,"text":2817,"url":28,"identifiers":2818},"Schaal A., 1987, Lek breeding in a deer species, Biol. Behav., 12, 28",{},{"id":28,"text":2820,"url":28,"identifiers":2821},"10.1163\u002F156853983X00057",{"doi":2820},{"id":28,"text":2823,"url":28,"identifiers":2824},"Schaller G. B. 1971 The Serengeti lion. Chicago University Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2826,"url":28,"identifiers":2827},"Schaller G. B. 1977 Mountain monarchs. University of Chicago Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":2829,"url":28,"identifiers":2830},"10.1126\u002Fscience.192.4245.1240",{"doi":2829},{"id":28,"text":2832,"url":28,"identifiers":2833},"10.2307\u002F1939140",{"doi":2832},{"id":28,"text":2835,"url":28,"identifiers":2836},"Silk J. P. 1983 Local resource competition and facultative adjustment of sex ratios in relation to competitive abilities.",{"doi":2837},"10.1086\u002F284039",{"id":28,"text":2839,"url":28,"identifiers":2840},"Sinclair A. R. E. 1977 The African buffalo University Press. Am.Nat. 121 56-66.",{},{"id":2842,"createTime":2843,"updateTime":2843,"relativeEntities":2844,"slug":2845,"properties":2846,"entityType":937,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":2859,"verifyNote":938,"languages":2860,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":2861,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":2862,"publicationType":977,"publisherRelationship":2914,"citationCount":2936,"citationInfo":2937,"publishDate":2940,"publishYear":2938,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":2941,"openAccess":28,"references":2942,"isForceReanalyzing":1014},"28a4eb37-4563-4c4b-ba41-23ae553a6d30","2024-09-20T12:26:15.438+00:00",[],"Atheroma-and-arterial-wall-shear-Observation-correlation-and-proposal-of-a-shear-dependent-mass-transfer-mechanism-for-atherogenesis",{"openalex":2847,"mag":2849,"abstract":2851,"title":2853,"pm":2855,"doi":2857},{"VOID":2848},"W1987262023",{"VOID":2850},"1987262023",{"EN":2852},"\u003Cjats:p>\n            On the basis of various observations, we argue that there is spatial variation of the time averaged wall shear rate in arteries, both overall and locally. From our own observations, and those of others, we show that the distribution of\n            \u003Cjats:italic>early\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\n            atheroma in man is coincident with those regions in which arterial wall shear rate is expected to be relatively low, while the development of lesions is inhibited or retarded in those regions in which wall shear rate is expected to be relatively high. Such a correlation is inconsistent with a proposal, made by several workers, that there is a causative relation between arterial blood mechanics and the development of atheroma, i. e. that atheroma is associated with wall damage due to the motion of blood. Instead it immediately suggests that the process is associated with shear dependent mass transport phenomena. It has been demonstrated by others that mass transport, in the inner part of the arterial wall, is dominantly to and from blood flowing within the lumen. We review theory relevant to diffusional mass transport across such a sheared interface, and examine available experimental evidence, relating to normally occurring (quasi-steady state) and experimentally induced (transient-type) atheroma, as well as the distribution of cholesterol in arteries. These results are considered in the light of simple theoretical schemes which we develop for the movement of cholesterol, in particular, although the arguments may also be relevant to other diffusing species. Shear enhances mass transport by means of a steepening effect on the concentration gradient, thus diffusion of material from a wall is promoted when material which has already diffused is swept rapidly away, so that the concentration gradient leading to further diffusion remains steep. However, the influence of shear on the diffusion of a species, say, from just within the wall of an artery to fluid in the main stream, depends upon the relative resistances to its diffusion from within the wall to surface fluid (wall phase) and from surface fluid to fluid in the main stream (blood phase); diffusion is not appreciably shear dependent if the latter resistance is small compared with the former. Assuming simplified flow conditions and that as suggested by others cholesterol is transported in blood in association with plasma protein, we can estimate resistance for diffusion of this species in the blood phase, for different stations in the arterial system. However, we possess no definite comparable information for the wall phase; we conjecture that this resistance is relatively small, and assume shear dependence of diffusional transport of cholesterol between arterial walls and intraluminal blood. We find that a net flux of cholesterol from blood to wall, as has been suggested by others, cannot account, in terms of the proposed schemes, for the observed normally occurring (quasi-steady state) distribution of atheromatous lesions in man and in animals; mass transport is inhibited in low shear regions by the thick diffusional boundary layer. Instead it appears that cholesterol, which has been shown by others to be synthesized in arterial walls, accumulates in low shear regions because its local diffusional efflux from wall to blood is inhibited by the reduced concentration gradient. Given suitable values for relevant parameters, the theoretical schemes are also able to account for adequacy of supply of precursor to the wall for cholesterol synthesis, for the preferential occurrence that we now recognize of lesions in high shear regions in response to sudden natural or experimental elevation of blood cholesterol, and for the responses to administration of labelled cholesterol (transient type phenomena); it appears therefore possible, in terms of these schemes, to unify naturally occurring and experimentally induced atheroma. It is reported by others that platelets are associated only with advanced lesions; the correlation of naturally occurring atheroma with low shear regions, and transient type lesions with high shear regions, with the fluid mechanics being unaltered in the two situations, provides no support for the implication of platelets in the development of early atheroma. It appears that wall shear rate may be a major controlling factor in the development of atheroma, i.e. that high shear, such as is associated for example with increased cardiac output in exercise, will retard progression of the process. Its progression will also be retarded by any means which reduces the accumulation of atheromatous material, by influencing its rate of net production or diffusion.\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2854},"Atheroma and arterial wall shear - Observation, correlation and proposal of a shear dependent mass transfer mechanism for atherogenesis",{"VOID":2856},"4396262",{"VOID":2858},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1971.0019","2024-09-20T12:26:15.437+00:00",[31],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1971.0019",[2863,2882,2899],{"id":2864,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":2865,"affiliations":2866,"properties":2875,"displayName":2879,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"c1b31b5c-1755-40af-80b5-06ed307baccf",[],[2867],{"id":2868,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2869,"properties":28},"8c0e9fd9-2e48-41e6-98a6-6e2c7d491eda",{"id":2868,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2870,"slug":28,"properties":2871,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2874,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2872},{"EN":2873},"Physiological Flow Studies Unit, Imperial College, London, S. W. 7",[],{"orcid":2876,"title":2878,"openalex":2880},{"VOID":2877},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7820-567X",{"EN":2879},"Giuseppe Caminiti",{"VOID":2881},"A5064706121",{"id":2883,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":2884,"affiliations":2885,"properties":2892,"displayName":2896,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"e98aa9e1-4303-493b-927e-1e99e626bc16",[],[2886],{"id":2868,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2887,"properties":28},{"id":2868,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2888,"slug":28,"properties":2889,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2891,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2890},{"EN":2873},[],{"orcid":2893,"title":2895,"openalex":2897},{"VOID":2894},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-3652-0676",{"EN":2896},"Jamie M. Fitzgerald",{"VOID":2898},"A5078798658",{"id":2900,"sortIndex":123,"researcher":28,"roles":2901,"affiliations":2902,"properties":2909,"displayName":2911,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"01acb377-f85a-4af5-a680-10d00a174e2b",[],[2903],{"id":2868,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2904,"properties":28},{"id":2868,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2905,"slug":28,"properties":2906,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2908,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2907},{"EN":2873},[],{"title":2910,"openalex":2912},{"EN":2911},"R. C. Schroter",{"VOID":2913},"A5086578677",{"url":28,"publisher":2915,"properties":2929},{"id":868,"createTime":869,"updateTime":870,"relativeEntities":2916,"slug":872,"properties":2917,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":880,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"subjectFields":2921,"manageAffiliations":2922,"indexDatabases":2923,"url":28,"thumbnailPath":28,"statistic":2924,"gsStatistic":28,"type":28,"analyzePriority":28},[],{"issn":2918,"title":2919,"eissn":2920},{"VOID":875},{"EN":877},{"VOID":879},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":2925,"i10Index":69,"i10IndexLast5Year":32,"totalPublication":69,"totalPublicationByYear":2926,"totalCitation":887,"totalCitationByYear":2927,"totalCitationPerPublication":905,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2928,"hindexLast5Year":133,"hindex":133},{},{"1957":40,"1958":40,"1960":40,"1964":40,"1968":123,"1969":40,"1971":123,"1972":123,"1977":40,"1979":40,"1980":123,"1981":40,"1982":40,"1984":123,"1985":40,"1986":45,"1987":40,"1988":40,"1989":42},{"1957":889,"1958":567,"1960":890,"1964":891,"1968":892,"1969":893,"1971":894,"1972":893,"1977":895,"1979":896,"1980":897,"1981":898,"1982":899,"1984":900,"1985":152,"1986":901,"1987":902,"1988":903,"1989":904},{"1957":889,"1958":567,"1960":890,"1964":891,"1968":907,"1969":893,"1971":908,"1972":196,"1977":895,"1979":896,"1980":909,"1981":898,"1982":899,"1984":910,"1985":152,"1986":911,"1987":902,"1988":903,"1989":912},{"issue":2930,"pages":2932,"volume":2934},{"VOID":2931},"1046",{"VOID":2933},"109-133",{"VOID":2935},"177",1325,{"total":2936,"publishYear":2938,"statisticByYear":2939},1971,{"2012":353,"2013":50,"2014":142,"2015":142,"2016":142,"2017":136,"2018":133,"2019":137,"2020":122,"2021":69,"2022":278,"2023":51,"2024":145},"1971-02-16",[],[],{"id":2944,"createTime":2945,"updateTime":2945,"relativeEntities":2946,"slug":2947,"properties":2948,"entityType":937,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":2945,"verifyNote":938,"languages":2959,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":2960,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":2961,"publicationType":977,"publisherRelationship":3011,"citationCount":903,"citationInfo":3033,"publishDate":3036,"publishYear":3034,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":3037,"openAccess":28,"references":3038,"isForceReanalyzing":1014},"a1604d38-b432-40a1-ae78-7cd0fb66f02c","2024-09-05T02:07:36.271+00:00",[],"The-mechanical-design-of-nacre",{"openalex":2949,"mag":2951,"abstract":2953,"title":2955,"doi":2957},{"VOID":2950},"W1978859898",{"VOID":2952},"1978859898",{"EN":2954},"\u003Cjats:p>\n            Mother-of-pearl (nacre) is a platelet-reinforced composite, highly filled with calcium carbonate (aragonite). The Young modulus, determined from beams of a span-to-depth ratio of no less than 15 (a necessary precaution), is of the order of 70 GPa (dry) and 60 GPa (wet), much higher than previously recorded values. These values can be derived from ‘shear-lag’ models developed for platey composites, suggesting that nacre is a near-ideal material. The tensile strength of nacre is of the order of 170 MPa (dry) and 140 MPa (wet), values which are best modelled assuming that pull-out of the platelets is the main mode of failure. In three-point bending, depending on the span-to-depth ratio and degree of hydration, the work to fracture across the platelets varies from 350 to 1240 J m\n            \u003Cjats:sup>-2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>\n            . In general, the effect of water is to increase the ductility of nacre and increase the toughness almost tenfold by the associated introduction of plastic work. The pull-out model is sufficient to account for the toughness of dry nacre, but accounts for only a third of the toughness of wet nacre. The additional contribution probably comes from debonding within the thin layer of matrix material. Electron microscopy reveals that the ductility of wet nacre is caused by cohesive fracture along platelet lamellae at right angles to the main crack. The matrix appears to be well bonded to the lamellae, enabling the matrix to be stretched across the delamination cracks without breaking, thereby sustaining a force across a wider crack. Such a mechanism also explains why toughness is dependent on the span-to-depth ratio of the test piece. With this last observation as a possible exception, nacre does not employ any really novel mechanisms to achieve its mechanical properties. It is simply ‘well made’. The importance of nacre to the mollusc depends both on the material and the size of the shell. Catastrophic failure will be very likely in whole, undamaged shells which behave like unnotched beams at large span-to-depth ratios. This tendency is increased by the fact that predators act as ‘soft’ machines and store strain energy which can be fed into the material very quickly once the fracture stress has been reached. It may therefore be advantageous to have a shell made of an intrinsically less tough material which is better at stopping cracks (e. g. crossed lamellar). However, nacre may still be preferred for the short, thick shells of young molluscs, as these have a low span-to-depth ratio and can make better use of ductility mechanisms.\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2956},"The mechanical design of nacre",{"VOID":2958},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1988.0056",[31],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1988.0056",[2962,2979,2994],{"id":2963,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":2964,"affiliations":2965,"properties":2974,"displayName":2976,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"5b6f27f7-3fb8-4443-bf29-92262e3c92b9",[],[2966],{"id":2967,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2968,"properties":28},"a7f42716-1633-4b5d-93bc-e3957e8b56d2",{"id":2967,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2969,"slug":28,"properties":2970,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2973,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2971},{"EN":2972},"Biomechanics Group, Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, The University, Whiteknights, P. 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Rev. mod, Phys., 18, 409",{},{"id":28,"text":3101,"url":28,"identifiers":3102},"Hull D. 1981 An introduction to composite materials. Cambridge University Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":3104,"url":28,"identifiers":3105},"Jackson A. P. 1986 The mechanical design of nacre. Ph.D. thesis University of Reading.",{},{"id":28,"text":3107,"url":28,"identifiers":3108},"10.1007\u002FBF01730253",{"doi":3107},{"id":28,"text":3110,"url":28,"identifiers":3111},"10.1080\u002F01418618108240403",{"doi":3110},{"id":28,"text":3113,"url":28,"identifiers":3114},"10.1016\u002F0143-7496(81)90023-3",{"doi":3113},{"id":28,"text":3116,"url":28,"identifiers":3117},"Kitchener A. C. 1985 The functional design of horns. Ph.D. thesis University of Reading.",{},{"id":28,"text":3119,"url":28,"identifiers":3120},"Knott J. F. 1973 Fundamentals of fracture mechanics. London: Butterworths.",{},{"id":28,"text":3122,"url":28,"identifiers":3123},"Krampitz G. Drolshagen H. Hausle J. & Hof-Irmscher K. 1983 Organic matrices of mollusc shells. In Biomineralization and biological metal accumulation (ed. P. Westbroek & E. W. de Jong) pp. 231-247. Dordrecht: Reidel.",{"doi":3124},"10.1007\u002F978-94-009-7944-4_20",{"id":28,"text":3126,"url":28,"identifiers":3127},"Lusis J., 1973, The effect of flake aspect ratio on the flexural properties of mica reinforced plastics, Polym. Sci., 13, 139",{},{"id":28,"text":3129,"url":28,"identifiers":3130},"10.1002\u002Fpc.750020403",{"doi":3129},{"id":28,"text":3132,"url":28,"identifiers":3133},"Outwater J., 1970, Fracture energy of unidirectional laminates, Mod. Plant., 47, 160",{},{"id":28,"text":3135,"url":28,"identifiers":3136},"10.1002\u002Fpen.760100310",{"doi":3135},{"id":28,"text":3138,"url":28,"identifiers":3139},"Piggott M. R. 1980 Load bearing fibre composites. Oxford: Pergamon Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":3141,"url":28,"identifiers":3142},"Riley V. R., 1968, Fibre\u002Ffibre interaction. 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London: Edward Arnold.",{},{"id":28,"text":3163,"url":28,"identifiers":3164},"Weiner S. & Traub W. 1981 Organic matrix-mineral relationships in mollusk shell nacreous layers. In Structural aspects of recognition and assembly in biological macromolecules (ed. M. Balban J. L. Sussman W. Traub & A. Yonath) pp. 467-482. Philadelphia: Rehvot.",{},{"id":28,"text":3166,"url":28,"identifiers":3167},"Williams J. G. 1984 Fracture mechanics of polymers. Chichester: Ellis Horwood.",{},{"id":28,"text":3169,"url":28,"identifiers":3170},"Zweben C. Smith W. S. & Wardle M. W. 1979 Test methods for fiber tensile strength composite flexural modulus and properties of fabric-reinforced laminates. Tn Composite materials: testing and design ( publication 674.",{},{"id":28,"text":3172,"url":28,"identifiers":3173},"5thconference) (ed. S. W. Tsai) pp. 244-262. 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We propose that this organization enables the visual system to encode spatial detail in a manner that minimizes the deleterious effects of intrinsic noise, by exploiting the spatial correlation that exists within natural scenes. The antagonistic surround takes a weighted mean of the signals in neighbouring receptors to generate a statistical prediction of the signal at the centre. The predicted value is subtracted from the actual centre signal, thus minimizing the range of outputs transmitted by the centre. In this way the entire dynamic range of the interneuron can be devoted to encoding a small range of intensities, thus rendering fine detail detectable against intrinsic noise injected at later stages in processing. This predictive encoding scheme also reduces spatial redundancy, thereby enabling the array of interneurons to transmit a larger number of distinguishable images, taking into account the expected structure of the visual world. The profile of the required inhibitory field is derived from statistical estimation theory. This profile depends strongly upon the signal: noise ratio and weakly upon the extent of lateral spatial correlation. The receptive fields that are quantitatively predicted by the theory resemble those of X-type retinal ganglion cells and show that the inhibitory surround should become weaker and more diffuse at low intensities. The latter property is unequivocally demonstrated in the first-order interneurons of the fly’s compound eye. The theory is extended to the time domain to account for the phasic responses of fly interneurons. These comparisons suggest that, in the early stages of processing, the visual system is concerned primarily with coding the visual image to protect against subsequent intrinsic noise, rather than with reconstructing the scene or extracting specific features from it. The treatment emphasizes that a neuron’s dynamic range should be matched to both its receptive field and the statistical properties of the visual pattern expected within this field. Finally, the analysis is synthetic because it is an extension of the background suppression hypothesis (Barlow & Levick 1976), satisfies the redundancy reduction hypothesis (Barlow 1961 a, b) and is equivalent to deblurring under certain conditions (Ratliff 1965).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":3187},"Predictive coding: a fresh view of inhibition in the retina",{"VOID":3189},"6129637",{"VOID":3191},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1982.0085",[31],"https:\u002F\u002Froyalsocietypublishing.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1098\u002Frspb.1982.0085",[3195,3212,3231],{"id":3196,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":3197,"affiliations":3198,"properties":3207,"displayName":3209,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"34056ab1-2bc5-4c61-915e-74ab75d84ce1",[],[3199],{"id":3200,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":3201,"properties":28},"ee925fef-a250-4a8d-9ef2-8ed42e0dfd26",{"id":3200,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":3202,"slug":28,"properties":3203,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":3206,"statistic":28},[],{"title":3204},{"EN":3205},"Departments of Neurobiology and Applied Mathematics, Australian National University, P. 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B. 1961a Possible principles underlying the transform ation of sensory messages. In Sensory communication (ed. W. A. Rosenblith) pp. 217-234. Cambridge M assachusetts: M.I.T. Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":3281,"url":28,"identifiers":3282},"Barlow H. B. 19616 Three points about lateral inhibition. In Sensory communication (ed. W. A. Rosenblith) pp. 782-786. Cambridge M assachusetts: M.I.T. Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":3284,"url":28,"identifiers":3285},"Barlow H. B. 1961c The coding of sensory messages. In Current problems in animal behaviour (ed. W. H. Thorpe & O. L. Zangwill) pp. 331-360. Cambridge University Press.",{},{"id":28,"text":3287,"url":28,"identifiers":3288},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1981.0022",{"doi":3287},{"id":28,"text":3290,"url":28,"identifiers":3291},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1957.sp005817",{"doi":3290},{"id":28,"text":3293,"url":28,"identifiers":3294},"Barlow H. B., 1976, Threshold setting by the surround of cat retinal ganglion cells. 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