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The findings are convergent with findings from other governance contexts, where discourse has been largely characterised by an unjustified optimism and strong determinism related to the wedlock with the automobility regime. 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How Should We Drive Self-Driving Vehicles? Anticipation and Collective Imagination in Planning Mobility Futures. The Governance of Smart Transportation Systems: Towards New Organizational Structures for the Development of Shared, Automated, Electric and Integrated Mobility, Springer.",{},{"id":17,"text":340,"url":17,"identifiers":341},"Mladenović, M., Stead, D., Milakis, D., Pangbourne, K., and Givoni, M. (2020). Governance Cultures and Socio-Technical Imaginaries of Self-Driving Technology: Comparative Analysis of Finland, UK and Germany. Advances in Transport Policy and Planning, Academic Press.",{"doi":342},"10.1016\u002Fbs.atpp.2020.01.001",{"id":17,"text":344,"url":17,"identifiers":345},"Winner, 1980, Do Artifacts Have Politics?, Daedalus, 109, 121",{},{"id":17,"text":347,"url":17,"identifiers":348},"Genus, 2018, Collingridge and the Dilemma of Control: Towards Responsible and Accountable Innovation, Res. 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Policy Analysis and the Institutional Void, Policy Sci., 36, 175, 10.1023\u002FA:1024834510939",{"doi":380},"10.1023\u002FA:1024834510939",{"id":17,"text":382,"url":17,"identifiers":383},"Howlett, 2009, Governance Modes, Policy Regimes and Operational Plans: A Multi-Level Nested Model of Policy Instrument Choice and Policy Design, Policy Sci., 42, 73, 10.1007\u002Fs11077-009-9079-1",{"doi":384},"10.1007\u002Fs11077-009-9079-1",{"id":17,"text":386,"url":17,"identifiers":387},"Colander, D., and Kupers, R. (2014). Complexity and the Art of Public Policy: Solving Society’s Problems from the Bottom Up, Princeton University Press.",{"doi":388},"10.1515\u002F9781400850136",{"id":17,"text":390,"url":17,"identifiers":391},"Haugland, 2020, Changing Oil: Self-Driving Vehicles and the Norwegian State, Humanit. Soc. Sci. 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Perception, Planning, Control, and Coordination for Autonomous Vehicles. Machines, 5.",{"doi":682},"10.3390\u002Fmachines5010006",{"id":17,"text":684,"url":17,"identifiers":685},"Anderson, J.M., Kalra, N., Stanley, K.D., Sorensen, P., Samaras, C., and Oluwatola, O.A. (2014). Brief History and Current State of Autonomous Vehicles. Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers, RAND Corporation.",{},{"id":17,"text":687,"url":17,"identifiers":688},"Ainsalu, J., Arffman, V., Bellone, M., Ellner, M., Haapamäki, T., Haavisto, N., Josefson, E., Ismailogullari, A., Lee, B., and Madland, O. (2018). State of the Art of Automated Buses. Sustainability, 10.",{"doi":689},"10.20944\u002Fpreprints201807.0218.v2",{"id":17,"text":691,"url":17,"identifiers":692},"Heikkilä, S. (2021, October 29). Mobility as a Service—A Proposal for Action for the Public Administration, Case Helsinki. Available online: http:\u002F\u002Furn.fi\u002FURN:NBN:fi:aalto-201405221895.",{},{"id":17,"text":694,"url":17,"identifiers":695},"Sadowski, 2019, Selling Smartness: Corporate Narratives and the Smart City as a Sociotechnical Imaginary, Sci. Technol. Hum. Values, 44, 540, 10.1177\u002F0162243918806061",{"doi":696},"10.1177\u002F0162243918806061",{"id":17,"text":698,"url":17,"identifiers":699},"Ministry of Transport and Communications (2021, October 28). Eduskunta Hyväksyi Liikenne-ja Viestintäministeriön Hallinnonalan Uudistuksen, Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lvm.fi\u002F-\u002Feduskunta-hyvaksyi-liikenne-ja-viestintaministerion-hallinnonalan-uudistuksen-986542.",{},{"id":17,"text":701,"url":17,"identifiers":702},"(2021, October 28). Finlex Ajantasainen Lainsäädäntö: Laki Liikenteen Palveluista 320\u002F2017. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.finlex.fi\u002Ffi\u002Flaki\u002Fajantasa\u002F2017\u002F20170320.",{},{"id":17,"text":704,"url":17,"identifiers":705},"Ahlqvist, 2014, Neoliberalisation in a Nordic State: From Cartel Polity towards a Corporate Polity in Finland, New Polit. Econ., 19, 21, 10.1080\u002F13563467.2013.768608",{"doi":706},"10.1080\u002F13563467.2013.768608",{"id":17,"text":708,"url":17,"identifiers":709},"Mulley, C., and Nelson, J.D. (2021). Chapter 5—Emerging Mobility Technologies and Transitions of Urban Space Allocation in a Nordic Governance Context. Urban Form and Accessibility, Elsevier.",{},{"id":17,"text":711,"url":17,"identifiers":712},"Mladenović, M.N., Haapamäki, T., Koste, O.-W., Mäkinen, S., Neuvonen, A., and Weckström, C. (2021, November 28). Liikkumisen Kestävien Palvelumarkkinoiden Ohjauskeinot (LIIKE-PALO). Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fjulkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi\u002Fhandle\u002F10024\u002F163427.",{},{"id":17,"text":714,"url":17,"identifiers":715},"Howlett, 2013, Patching vs Packaging in Policy Formulation: Assessing Policy Portfolio Design, Polit. Gov., 1, 170",{},{"id":17,"text":717,"url":17,"identifiers":718},"Stilgoe, 2013, Developing a Framework for Responsible Innovation, Res. Policy, 42, 1568, 10.1016\u002Fj.respol.2013.05.008",{"doi":719},"10.1016\u002Fj.respol.2013.05.008",{"id":17,"text":721,"url":17,"identifiers":722},"Felt, 2010, Machineries for Making Publics: Inscribing and De-Scribing Publics in Public Engagement, Minerva, 48, 219, 10.1007\u002Fs11024-010-9155-x",{"doi":723},"10.1007\u002Fs11024-010-9155-x",{"id":17,"text":725,"url":17,"identifiers":726},"Irwin, 2013, The Good, the Bad and the Perfect: Criticizing Engagement Practice, Soc. Stud. 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Typhoon Chaba introduced a large amount of freshwater into the coastal areas during autumn 2016, and there was a significant negative relationship between salinity and nutrients in the Nakdong estuarine area, particularly in the northeastern area (Zone III; p < 0.001). The abundance of diatom species, mainly Chaetoceros spp., increased after this nutrient loading, whereas Cryptomonas spp. appeared as opportunists when there was relatively low diatom biomass. During winter, biotic and abiotic factors did not differ among the surface, middle, and lower layers (p > 0.01; ANOVA), implying that water mixing by winter windstorms and low surface temperature (due to the sinking of high-density water) physically accelerated mixing of the whole water column. Diatoms predominated under these conditions. Among diatoms, the centric diatom Eucampia zodiacus remained at high density at the inshore area and its abundance had a negative correlation with water temperature, implying that this species can grow at cold temperatures. On the other hand, the harmful freshwater diatom Stephanodiscus hantzschii mainly appeared in conditions with low salinity and high nutrients, implying that it can persist even in the saltwater conditions of the Nakdong Estuary. Our results indicate that hydro-oceanographic characteristics, such as river discharge after an autumn typhoon and winter water turbulence, have major effects on the composition of phytoplankton communities and can potentially affect the occurrence and characteristics of harmful algal blooms in southern Korean coastal waters.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":770,"VI":771},"Variation in Phytoplankton Community Due to an Autumn Typhoon and Winter Water Turbulence in Southern Korean Coastal Waters","Sự biến động quần xã thực vật phù du do bão mùa thu và xáo trộn nước mùa đông ở vùng biển ven bờ phía nam Hàn 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Ser., 385, 111, 10.3354\u002Fmeps08053",{"doi":987},"10.3354\u002Fmeps08053",{"id":17,"text":989,"url":17,"identifiers":990},"Tsuchiya, 2013, Typhoon-driven variations in primary production and phytoplankton assemblages in Sagami Bay, Japan: A case study of typhoon Mawar (T0511), Plankton Benthos Res., 8, 74, 10.3800\u002Fpbr.8.74",{"doi":991},"10.3800\u002Fpbr.8.74",{"id":17,"text":993,"url":17,"identifiers":994},"Townsend, 1992, Spring phytoplankton blooms in the absence of vertical water column stratification, Nature, 360, 59, 10.1038\u002F360059a0",{"doi":995},"10.1038\u002F360059a0",{"id":17,"text":997,"url":17,"identifiers":998},"Baek, 2018, Spring phytoplankton community response to an episodic windstorm event in oligotrophic waters offshore from the Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands, Korea, J. Sea Res., 132, 1, 10.1016\u002Fj.seares.2017.11.003",{"doi":999},"10.1016\u002Fj.seares.2017.11.003",{"id":17,"text":1001,"url":17,"identifiers":1002},"Isobe, 1999, On the origin of the Tsushima Warm Current and its seasonality, Cont. Shelf Res., 19, 117, 10.1016\u002FS0278-4343(98)00065-X",{"doi":1003},"10.1016\u002FS0278-4343(98)00065-X",{"id":17,"text":1005,"url":17,"identifiers":1006},"Lie, 1994, On the origin of the Tsushima Warm Current, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, C12, 25081, 10.1029\u002F94JC02425",{"doi":1007},"10.1029\u002F94JC02425",{"id":17,"text":1009,"url":17,"identifiers":1010},"Takikawa, 2005, Volume transport through the Tsushima Straits estimated from sea level difference, J. Oceanogr., 61, 699, 10.1007\u002Fs10872-005-0077-4",{"doi":1011},"10.1007\u002Fs10872-005-0077-4",{"id":17,"text":1013,"url":17,"identifiers":1014},"Hwang, 2010, A study on correlation between RUSLE and estuary in Nakdong River watershed, J. Korean Soc. Geosp. Inform. Syst., 18, 3",{},{"id":17,"text":1016,"url":17,"identifiers":1017},"Field, 1982, A practical strategy for analysing multispecies distribution patterns, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 8, 37, 10.3354\u002Fmeps008037",{"doi":1018},"10.3354\u002Fmeps008037",{"id":17,"text":1020,"url":17,"identifiers":1021},"Tsuchiya, 2014, Phytoplankton community response and succession in relation to typhoon passages in the coastal waters of Japan, J. Plankton Res., 36, 424, 10.1093\u002Fplankt\u002Ffbt127",{"doi":1022},"10.1093\u002Fplankt\u002Ffbt127",{"id":17,"text":1024,"url":17,"identifiers":1025},"Tsuchiya, 2017, Response of phytoplankton and enhanced biogeochemical activity to an episodic typhoon event in the coastal waters of Japan, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 194, 30, 10.1016\u002Fj.ecss.2017.05.019",{"doi":1026},"10.1016\u002Fj.ecss.2017.05.019",{"id":17,"text":1028,"url":17,"identifiers":1029},"Kunlasak, 2013, Relationships of dissolved oxygen with Chlorophyll a and phytoplankton composition in Tilapia Ponds, Int. J. Geosci., 4, 46, 10.4236\u002Fijg.2013.45B008",{"doi":1030},"10.4236\u002Fijg.2013.45B008",{"id":17,"text":1032,"url":17,"identifiers":1033},"Hinga, 2002, Effects of pH on coastal marine phytoplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 238, 281, 10.3354\u002Fmeps238281",{"doi":1034},"10.3354\u002Fmeps238281",{"id":17,"text":1036,"url":17,"identifiers":1037},"Yin, 1997, Factors controlling the timing of the spring bloom in the Strait of Georgia estuary, British Columbia, Canada, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 54, 1985, 10.1139\u002Ff97-106",{"doi":1038},"10.1139\u002Ff97-106",{"id":17,"text":1040,"url":17,"identifiers":1041},"Mikaelyan, 1995, Winter bloom of the diatom Nitzschia delicatula in the open waters of the Black Sea, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 129, 241, 10.3354\u002Fmeps129241",{"doi":1042},"10.3354\u002Fmeps129241",{"id":17,"text":1044,"url":17,"identifiers":1045},"Kakehi, 2015, Phytoplankton distribution during the winter convective season in Sendai Bay, Japan, Cont. Shelf Res., 97, 43, 10.1016\u002Fj.csr.2015.02.005",{"doi":1046},"10.1016\u002Fj.csr.2015.02.005",{"id":17,"text":1048,"url":17,"identifiers":1049},"Klaveness, 1989, Biology and ecology of the cryptophyceae: Status and challenges, Biolog. Oceanogr., 6, 257",{},{"id":17,"text":1051,"url":17,"identifiers":1052},"Ito, 2013, Decreases in turbidity during neap tides initiate late winter blooms of Eucampia zodiacus in a macrotidal embayment, J. Oceanogr., 69, 467, 10.1007\u002Fs10872-013-0187-3",{"doi":1053},"10.1007\u002Fs10872-013-0187-3",{"id":17,"text":1055,"url":17,"identifiers":1056},"Nishikawa, 2007, Population dynamics of the harmful diatom Eucampia zodiacus Ehrenberg causing bleaching of Porphyra thalli in aquaculture in Harima-Nada, the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, Harmful Algae, 6, 763, 10.1016\u002Fj.hal.2007.04.005",{"doi":1057},"10.1016\u002Fj.hal.2007.04.005",{"id":17,"text":1059,"url":17,"identifiers":1060},"Jung, 2009, Effect of wter temperature and silicate on the winter blooming diatom Stephanodiscus hantzschii (Bacillariophyceae) growing in eutriphic conditions in the lower Han River, South Korea, J. Freshwater Ecol., 24, 219, 10.1080\u002F02705060.2009.9664286",{"doi":1061},"10.1080\u002F02705060.2009.9664286",{"id":1063,"createTime":1064,"updateTime":1065,"relativeEntities":1066,"slug":1067,"properties":1068,"entityType":180,"verifyStatus":181,"verifyTime":1064,"verifyNote":182,"languages":1080,"translateLanguages":1081,"viewCount":18,"primaryUrl":1082,"fullTextUrl":17,"authors":1083,"publicationType":223,"publisherRelationship":1173,"citationCount":1252,"citationInfo":1253,"publishDate":17,"publishYear":17,"citationAnalyzeStatus":16,"lastCitationAnalyze":17,"indexDatabases":1258,"openAccess":17,"references":1259,"isForceReanalyzing":755},"d01452e1-397b-4a2e-ac8f-9f4d1d1739eb","2024-09-28T00:08:26.629+00:00","2026-09-04T13:14:55.582+00:00",[],"The-Effect-of-Basalt-Fiber-on-Mechanical-Microstructural-and-High-Temperature-Properties-of-Fly-Ash-Based-and-Basalt-Powder-Waste-Filled-Sustainable-Geopolymer-Mortar",{"openalex":1069,"mag":1071,"abstract":1073,"title":1075,"doi":1078},{"VOID":1070},"W3213934429",{"VOID":1072},"3213934429",{"EN":1074},"\u003Cjats:p>As the human population grows and technology advances, the demand for concrete and cement grows. However, it is critical to propose alternative ecologically suitable options to cement, the primary binder in concrete. Numerous researchers have recently concentrated their efforts on geopolymer mortars to accomplish this objective. The effects of basalt fiber (BF) on a geopolymer based on fly ash (FA) and basalt powder waste (BP) filled were studied in this research. The compressive and flexural strength, Charpy impact, and capillary water absorption tests were performed on produced samples after 28 days. Then, produced samples were exposed to the high-temperature test. Weight change, flexural strength, compressive strength, UPV, and microstructural tests of the specimens were performed after and before the effect of the high temperature. In addition, the results tests conducted on the specimens were compared after and before the high-temperature test. The findings indicated that BF had beneficial benefits, mainly when 1.2 percent BF was used. When the findings of samples containing 1.2 percent BF exposed to various temperatures were analyzed, it was revealed that it could increase compressive strength by up to 18 percent and flexural strength by up to 44 percent. In this study, the addition of BF to fly ash-based geopolymer samples improved the high-temperature resistance and mechanical properties.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1076,"VI":1077},"The Effect of Basalt Fiber on Mechanical, Microstructural, and High-Temperature Properties of Fly Ash-Based and Basalt Powder Waste-Filled Sustainable Geopolymer Mortar","Ảnh hưởng của sợi bazan lên các tính chất cơ học, vi cấu trúc và nhiệt độ cao của vữa geopolymer bền vững trên nền tro bay chứa phế thải bột 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2013, Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry, J. Clean. Prod., 51, 142, 10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2012.10.049",{"doi":1263},"10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2012.10.049",{"id":17,"text":1265,"url":17,"identifiers":1266},"Wang, 2018, Recycled cement, Constr. Build. Mater., 190, 1124, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.09.181",{"doi":1267},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.09.181",{"id":17,"text":1269,"url":17,"identifiers":1270},"Ma, 2018, Structural and material performance of geopolymer concrete: A review, Constr. Build. Mater., 186, 90, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.07.111",{"doi":1271},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.07.111",{"id":17,"text":1273,"url":17,"identifiers":1274},"Ai, T., Zhong, D., Zhang, Y., Zong, J., Yan, X., and Niu, Y. (2021). The Effect of Red Mud Content on the Compressive Strength of Geopolymers under Different Curing Systems. Buildings, 11.",{"doi":1275},"10.3390\u002Fbuildings11070298",{"id":17,"text":1277,"url":17,"identifiers":1278},"Hattaf, R., Aboulayt, A., Samdi, A., Lahlou, N., Touhami, M.O., Gomina, M., and Moussa, R. (2021). Reusing Geopolymer Waste from Matrices Based on Metakaolin or Fly Ash for the Manufacture of New Binder Geopolymeric Matrices. Sustainability, 13.",{"doi":1279},"10.3390\u002Fsu13148070",{"id":17,"text":1281,"url":17,"identifiers":1282},"Nikoloutsopoulos, N., Sotiropoulou, A., Kakali, G., and Tsivilis, S. (2021). Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Compared to Conventional Concrete. Buildings, 11.",{"doi":1283},"10.3390\u002Fbuildings11050178",{"id":17,"text":1285,"url":17,"identifiers":1286},"Occhicone, A., Vukčević, M., Bosković, I., and Ferone, C. (2021). Red Mud-Blast Furnace Slag-Based Alkali-Activated Materials. Sustainability, 13.",{"doi":1287},"10.3390\u002Fsu132011298",{"id":17,"text":1289,"url":17,"identifiers":1290},"Tammam, Y., Uysal, M., and Canpolat, O. (2021). Effects of alternative ecological fillers on the mechanical, durability, and microstructure of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar. Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 1–24.",{"doi":1291},"10.1080\u002F19648189.2021.1925157",{"id":17,"text":1293,"url":17,"identifiers":1294},"Atabey, 2020, The effects of water content and thermal curing time on physical and mechanical properties of waste basalt powder-based geopolymer mortars, Ömer Halisdemir Univ. J. Eng. Sci., 10, 328",{},{"id":17,"text":1296,"url":17,"identifiers":1297},"Assaedi, 2015, Characterisation of mechanical and thermal properties in flax fabric reinforced geopolymer composites, J. Adv. Ceram., 4, 272, 10.1007\u002Fs40145-015-0161-1",{"doi":1298},"10.1007\u002Fs40145-015-0161-1",{"id":17,"text":1300,"url":17,"identifiers":1301},"Shen, 2019, Early-age behavior and cracking resistance of high-strength concrete reinforced with Dramix 3D steel fiber, Constr. Build. Mater., 196, 307, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.10.125",{"doi":1302},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.10.125",{"id":17,"text":1304,"url":17,"identifiers":1305},"Vairavan, 2013, Effect of fibre length and fibre content on mechanical properties of short basalt fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites, Mater. Phys. Mech., 16, 107",{},{"id":17,"text":1307,"url":17,"identifiers":1308},"Zhang, 2021, Numerical modeling of rebar-matrix bond behaviors of nano-SiO2 and PVA fiber reinforced geopolymer composites, Ceram. Int., 47, 11727, 10.1016\u002Fj.ceramint.2021.01.012",{"doi":1309},"10.1016\u002Fj.ceramint.2021.01.012",{"id":17,"text":1311,"url":17,"identifiers":1312},"Zhang, 2020, Mechanical properties and prediction of fracture parameters of geopolymer\u002Falkali-activated mortar modified with PVA fiber and nano-SiO2, Ceram. Int., 46, 20027, 10.1016\u002Fj.ceramint.2020.05.074",{"doi":1313},"10.1016\u002Fj.ceramint.2020.05.074",{"id":17,"text":1315,"url":17,"identifiers":1316},"Zhang, 2021, Macroscopic and microscopic analyses on mechanical performance of metakaolin\u002Ffly ash based geopolymer mortar, J. Clean. Prod., 294, 126193, 10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2021.126193",{"doi":1317},"10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2021.126193",{"id":17,"text":1319,"url":17,"identifiers":1320},"Zhang, 2018, A review on properties of fresh and hardened geopolymer mortar, Compos. Part B Eng., 152, 79, 10.1016\u002Fj.compositesb.2018.06.031",{"doi":1321},"10.1016\u002Fj.compositesb.2018.06.031",{"id":17,"text":1323,"url":17,"identifiers":1324},"Fiore, 2015, A review on basalt fibre and its composites, Compos. Part B Eng., 74, 74, 10.1016\u002Fj.compositesb.2014.12.034",{"doi":1325},"10.1016\u002Fj.compositesb.2014.12.034",{"id":17,"text":1327,"url":17,"identifiers":1328},"Girgin, 2016, Usability of basalt fibres in fibre reinforced cement composites, Mater. Struct., 49, 3309, 10.1617\u002Fs11527-015-0721-4",{"doi":1329},"10.1617\u002Fs11527-015-0721-4",{"id":17,"text":1331,"url":17,"identifiers":1332},"Du, Q., Cai, C., Lv, J., Wu, J., Pan, T., and Zhou, J. (2020). Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composite. Materials, 13.",{"doi":1333},"10.3390\u002Fma13173796",{"id":17,"text":1335,"url":17,"identifiers":1336},"Girgin, 2018, Effect of slag, nano clay and metakaolin on mechanical performance of basalt fibre cementitious composites, Constr. Build. Mater., 192, 70, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.10.090",{"doi":1337},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.10.090",{"id":17,"text":1339,"url":17,"identifiers":1340},"Sadrmomtazi, 2018, Effects of silica fume on mechanical strength and microstructure of basalt fiber reinforced cementitious composites (BFRCC), Constr. Build. Mater., 162, 321, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2017.11.159",{"doi":1341},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2017.11.159",{"id":17,"text":1343,"url":17,"identifiers":1344},"Wang, 2020, Mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composite containing basalt fibre, FEB Fresenius Environ. Bull., 29, 1997",{},{"id":17,"text":1346,"url":17,"identifiers":1347},"Zhang, 2020, Dynamic properties of strain-hardening cementitious composite reinforced with basalt and steel fibers, Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 14, 44, 10.1186\u002Fs40069-020-00415-y",{"doi":1348},"10.1186\u002Fs40069-020-00415-y",{"id":17,"text":1350,"url":17,"identifiers":1351},"Ali, 2020, Evaluation of the 12–24 mm basalt fibers and boron waste on reinforced metakaolin-based geopolymer, Constr. Build. Mater., 251, 118976, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2020.118976",{"doi":1352},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2020.118976",{"id":17,"text":1354,"url":17,"identifiers":1355},"Aslaner, 2016, The effect of curing on the properties of metakaolin and fly ash-based geopolymer paste, Compos. Part B Eng., 97, 329, 10.1016\u002Fj.compositesb.2016.05.019",{"doi":1356},"10.1016\u002Fj.compositesb.2016.05.019",{"id":17,"text":1358,"url":17,"identifiers":1359},"Rill, E., Lowry, D., and Kriven, W. (2010). Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites. Strategic Materials and Computational Design: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, The American Ceramic Society.",{"doi":1360},"10.1002\u002F9780470944103.ch6",{"id":17,"text":1362,"url":17,"identifiers":1363},"Binici, 2018, Durability of concrete made with natural granular granite, silica sand and powders of waste marble and basalt as fine aggregate, J. Build. Eng., 19, 109, 10.1016\u002Fj.jobe.2018.04.022",{"doi":1364},"10.1016\u002Fj.jobe.2018.04.022",{"id":17,"text":1366,"url":17,"identifiers":1367},"2021, The hybrid effects of basalt and PVA fiber on properties of a cementitious composite: Physical properties and non-destructive tests, Constr. Build. Mater., 312, 125292, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2021.125292",{"doi":1368},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2021.125292",{"id":17,"text":1370,"url":17,"identifiers":1371},"Kim, 2011, Testing of cementitious materials under high-strain-rate tensile loading using elastic strain energy, J. Eng. Mech., 137, 268, 10.1061\u002F(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000224",{"doi":1372},"10.1061\u002F(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000224",{"id":17,"text":1374,"url":17,"identifiers":1375},"Ma, 2005, Properties of ceramic fiber reinforced cement composites, Cem. Concr. Res., 35, 296, 10.1016\u002Fj.cemconres.2004.05.017",{"doi":1376},"10.1016\u002Fj.cemconres.2004.05.017",{"id":17,"text":1378,"url":17,"identifiers":1379},"Wang, 2019, A new method to improve the properties of recycled aggregate concrete: Composite addition of basalt fiber and nano-silica, J. Clean. Prod., 236, 117602, 10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2019.07.077",{"doi":1380},"10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2019.07.077",{"id":17,"text":1382,"url":17,"identifiers":1383},"Uysal, 2021, Effect of basalt fiber on metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars containing rilem, basalt and recycled waste concrete aggregates, Constr. Build. Mater., 301, 124113, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2021.124113",{"doi":1384},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2021.124113",{"id":17,"text":1386,"url":17,"identifiers":1387},"He, 2010, Effects of high-temperature heat treatment on the mechanical properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced geopolymer composites, Ceram. Int., 36, 1447, 10.1016\u002Fj.ceramint.2010.02.012",{"doi":1388},"10.1016\u002Fj.ceramint.2010.02.012",{"id":17,"text":1390,"url":17,"identifiers":1391},"Kong, 2007, Comparative performance of geopolymers made with metakaolin and fly ash after exposure to elevated temperatures, Cem. Concr. Res., 37, 1583, 10.1016\u002Fj.cemconres.2007.08.021",{"doi":1392},"10.1016\u002Fj.cemconres.2007.08.021",{"id":17,"text":1394,"url":17,"identifiers":1395},"Arslan, 2019, Influence of wetting-drying curing system on the performance of fiber reinforced metakaolin-based geopolymer composites, Constr. Build. Mater., 225, 909, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2019.07.235",{"doi":1396},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2019.07.235",{"id":17,"text":1398,"url":17,"identifiers":1399},"Canpolat, 2020, Elevated temperature, freezing-thawing and wetting-drying effects on polypropylene fiber reinforced metakaolin based geopolymer composites, Constr. Build. Mater., 235, 117502, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2019.117502",{"doi":1400},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2019.117502",{"id":17,"text":1402,"url":17,"identifiers":1403},"Zhang, 2016, Comparative thermal and mechanical performance of geopolymers derived from metakaolin and fly ash, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 28, 04015092, 10.1061\u002F(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001359",{"doi":1404},"10.1061\u002F(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001359",{"id":17,"text":1406,"url":17,"identifiers":1407},"Jiang, 2020, A laboratory investigation of steel to fly ash-based geopolymer paste bonding behavior after exposure to elevated temperatures, Constr. Build. Mater., 254, 119267, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2020.119267",{"doi":1408},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2020.119267",{"id":17,"text":1410,"url":17,"identifiers":1411},"Karakurt, 2008, Properties of reinforced concrete steel rebars exposed to high temperatures, Res. Lett. Mater. Sci., 2008, 814137",{},{"id":17,"text":1413,"url":17,"identifiers":1414},"Singh, 2019, Cellulose fiber as bacteria-carrier in mortar: Self-healing quantification using UPV, J. Build. Eng., 28, 101090, 10.1016\u002Fj.jobe.2019.101090",{"doi":1415},"10.1016\u002Fj.jobe.2019.101090",{"id":17,"text":1417,"url":17,"identifiers":1418},"Celik, 2018, High-temperature behavior and mechanical characteristics of boron waste additive metakaolin based geopolymer composites reinforced with synthetic fibers, Constr. Build. Mater., 187, 1190, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.08.062",{"doi":1419},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2018.08.062",{"id":17,"text":1421,"url":17,"identifiers":1422},"Xu, 2021, Effect of high-calcium basalt fiber on the workability, mechanical properties and microstructure of slag-fly ash geopolymer grouting material, Constr. Build. Mater., 302, 124089, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2021.124089",{"doi":1423},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2021.124089",{"id":17,"text":1425,"url":17,"identifiers":1426},"Temuujin, 2010, Fly ash based geopolymer thin coatings on metal substrates and its thermal evaluation, J. Hazard. Mater., 180, 748, 10.1016\u002Fj.jhazmat.2010.04.121",{"doi":1427},"10.1016\u002Fj.jhazmat.2010.04.121",{"id":17,"text":1429,"url":17,"identifiers":1430},"Zhang, 2012, Microstructural and strength evolutions of geopolymer composite reinforced by resin exposed to elevated temperature, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 358, 620, 10.1016\u002Fj.jnoncrysol.2011.11.006",{"doi":1431},"10.1016\u002Fj.jnoncrysol.2011.11.006",{"id":17,"text":1433,"url":17,"identifiers":1434},"Abdulkareem, 2014, Effects of elevated temperatures on the thermal behavior and mechanical performance of fly ash geopolymer paste, mortar and lightweight concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 50, 377, 10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2013.09.047",{"doi":1435},"10.1016\u002Fj.conbuildmat.2013.09.047",{"id":1437,"createTime":1438,"updateTime":1439,"relativeEntities":1440,"slug":1441,"properties":1442,"entityType":180,"verifyStatus":181,"verifyTime":1438,"verifyNote":182,"languages":1452,"translateLanguages":1453,"viewCount":18,"primaryUrl":1454,"fullTextUrl":17,"authors":1455,"publicationType":223,"publisherRelationship":1562,"citationCount":1639,"citationInfo":1640,"publishDate":17,"publishYear":17,"citationAnalyzeStatus":16,"lastCitationAnalyze":17,"indexDatabases":1644,"openAccess":17,"references":1645,"isForceReanalyzing":755},"6910c10c-79a2-4f00-9e23-c2992f067f2f","2024-10-05T10:39:04.472+00:00","2026-09-04T12:14:56.231+00:00",[],"Agricultural-Biogas-Production-Climate-and-Environmental-Impacts",{"openalex":1443,"abstract":1445,"title":1447,"doi":1450},{"VOID":1444},"W4211146196",{"EN":1446},"\u003Cjats:p>Livestock manure is a major source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The emissions can be mitigated by production of biogas through anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure, mostly together with other biowastes, which can substitute fossil energy and thereby reduce CO2 emissions and postdigestion GHG emissions. This paper presents GHG balances for manure and biowaste management as affected by AD for five Danish biogas scenarios in which pig and cattle slurry were codigested with one or more of the following biomasses: deep litter, straw, energy crops, slaughterhouse waste, grass–clover green manure, and household waste. The calculated effects of AD on the GHG balance of each scenario included fossil fuel substitution, energy use for transport, leakage of CH4 from biogas production plants, CH4 emissions during storage of animal manure and biowaste, N2O emissions from stored and field applied biomass, N2O emissions related to nitrate (NO3−) leaching and ammonia (NH3) losses, N2O emissions from cultivation of energy crops, and soil C sequestration. All scenarios caused significant reductions in GHG emissions. Most of the reductions resulted from fossil fuel substitution and reduced emissions of CH4 during storage of codigestates. The total reductions in GHG emissions ranged from 65 to 105 kg CO2-eq ton−1 biomass. This wide range showed the importance of biomass composition. Reductions were highest when straw and grass–clover were used as codigestates, whereas reductions per unit energy produced were highest when deep litter or deep litter plus energy crops were used. Potential effects of iLUC were ignored but may have a negative impact on the GHG balance when using energy crops, and this may potentially exceed the calculated positive climate impacts of biogas production. The ammonia emission potential of digestate applied in the field is higher than that from cattle slurry and pig slurry because of the higher pH of the digestate. This effect, and the higher content of TAN in digestate, resulted in increasing ammonia emissions at 0.14 to 0.3 kg NH3-N ton−1 biomass. Nitrate leaching was reduced in all scenarios and ranged from 0.04 to 0.45 kg NO3-N ton−1 biomass. In the scenario in which maize silage was introduced, the maize production increased leaching and almost negated the effect of AD. Methane leakage caused a 7% reduction in the positive climate impact for each percentage point of leakage in a manure-based biogas scenario.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1448,"VI":1449},"Agricultural Biogas Production—Climate and Environmental Impacts","Sản xuất biogas nông nghiệp—Các tác động đến khí hậu và môi trường",{"VOID":1451},"10.3390\u002Fsu14031849",[184],[186],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2071-1050\u002F14\u002F3\u002F1849",[1456,1475,1494,1511,1528,1545],{"id":1457,"sortIndex":18,"researcher":17,"roles":1458,"affiliations":1459,"properties":1468,"displayName":1472,"givenName":17,"familyName":17},"08440bb3-44f7-4ae7-8455-f481f817a368",[],[1460],{"id":1461,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":1462,"properties":17},"7285a294-5039-43d9-9d46-e1d83915abe2",{"id":1461,"createTime":17,"updateTime":17,"relativeEntities":1463,"slug":17,"properties":1464,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":17,"url":17,"parentIds":1467,"statistic":17},[],{"title":1465},{"VI":1466},"Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark",[],{"orcid":1469,"title":1471,"openalex":1473},{"VOID":1470},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-2272-1867",{"EN":1472},"Henrik Bjarne Møller",{"VOID":1474},"A5010992813",{"id":1476,"sortIndex":142,"researcher":17,"roles":1477,"affiliations":1478,"properties":1487,"displayName":1491,"givenName":17,"familyName":17},"c813d1ac-e899-441e-9ae3-802dfdb559d4",[],[1479],{"id":1480,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":1481,"properties":17},"4e52608f-151c-4c1e-a516-a2236f60128d",{"id":1480,"createTime":17,"updateTime":17,"relativeEntities":1482,"slug":17,"properties":1483,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":17,"url":17,"parentIds":1486,"statistic":17},[],{"title":1484},{"VI":1485},"Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark",[],{"orcid":1488,"title":1490,"openalex":1492},{"VOID":1489},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-3425-3690",{"EN":1491},"Peter Sørensen",{"VOID":1493},"A5055844366",{"id":1495,"sortIndex":137,"researcher":17,"roles":1496,"affiliations":1497,"properties":1504,"displayName":1508,"givenName":17,"familyName":17},"3e137132-5ee2-4932-99b6-1731fb72390c",[],[1498],{"id":1480,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":1499,"properties":17},{"id":1480,"createTime":17,"updateTime":17,"relativeEntities":1500,"slug":17,"properties":1501,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":17,"url":17,"parentIds":1503,"statistic":17},[],{"title":1502},{"VI":1485},[],{"orcid":1505,"title":1507,"openalex":1509},{"VOID":1506},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-6639-1273",{"EN":1508},"Jørgen E. Olesen",{"VOID":1510},"A5018605749",{"id":1512,"sortIndex":143,"researcher":17,"roles":1513,"affiliations":1514,"properties":1521,"displayName":1525,"givenName":17,"familyName":17},"29e213c7-58cb-4e85-b2fa-5199ccba069c",[],[1515],{"id":1480,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":1516,"properties":17},{"id":1480,"createTime":17,"updateTime":17,"relativeEntities":1517,"slug":17,"properties":1518,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":17,"url":17,"parentIds":1520,"statistic":17},[],{"title":1519},{"VI":1485},[],{"orcid":1522,"title":1524,"openalex":1526},{"VOID":1523},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7524-6695",{"EN":1525},"Søren O. 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Inst., 33, 2717, 10.1016\u002Fj.proci.2010.06.154",{"doi":1854},"10.1016\u002Fj.proci.2010.06.154",{"id":17,"text":1856,"url":17,"identifiers":1857},"Nielsen, L.H., Hjort-Gregersen, K., Thygesen, P., and Christensen, J. (2002). Socioeconomic Analyses of Central Biogas Plants—with Technical and Financial Background Analyses (Samfundsøkonomiske Analyser af Biogasfællesanlæg—Med Tekniske og Selskabsøkonomiske Baggrundsanalyser), Institute of Food and Resource Economics. Report No. 136.",{},{"id":17,"text":1859,"url":17,"identifiers":1860},"Olesen, J.E., Petersen, S.O., Lund, P., Jørgensen, U., Kristensen, T., Elsgaard, L., Sørensen, P., and Lassen, J. (2018). Measures to Reduce Greenhouse Gasses in the Agricultural Sector (Virkemidler til Reduktion af Klimagasser i Landbruget), DCA—Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture. DCA Report No. 130.",{},{"id":17,"text":1862,"url":17,"identifiers":1863},"Li, 2015, Effects of contrasting catch crops on nitrogen availability and nitrous oxide emissions in an organic cropping system, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 199, 382, 10.1016\u002Fj.agee.2014.10.016",{"doi":1864},"10.1016\u002Fj.agee.2014.10.016",{"id":17,"text":1866,"url":17,"identifiers":1867},"Fontaine, 2019, Nitrogen and Sulfur Availability in Digestates from Anaerobic Co-digestion of Cover Crops, Straw and Cattle Manure, J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 20, 621, 10.1007\u002Fs42729-019-00151-7",{"doi":1868},"10.1007\u002Fs42729-019-00151-7",{"id":17,"text":1870,"url":17,"identifiers":1871},"Bruun, 2014, Small-scale household biogas digesters: An option for global warming mitigation or a potential climate bomb?, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 33, 736, 10.1016\u002Fj.rser.2014.02.033",{"doi":1872},"10.1016\u002Fj.rser.2014.02.033",{"id":17,"text":1874,"url":17,"identifiers":1875},"Baral, 2018, Greenhouse gas emissions during storage of manure and digestates: Key role of methane for prediction and mitigation, Agric. Syst., 166, 26, 10.1016\u002Fj.agsy.2018.07.009",{"doi":1876},"10.1016\u002Fj.agsy.2018.07.009",{"id":17,"text":1878,"url":17,"identifiers":1879},"Dalby, F.R., Hafner, S.D., Petersen, S.O., VanderZaag, A.C., Habtewold, J., Dunfield, K., Chantigny, M.H., and Sommer, S.G. (2021). Understanding methane emission from stored animal manure: A review to guide model development. J. Environ. Qual.",{"doi":1880},"10.1002\u002Fjeq2.20252",{"id":17,"text":1882,"url":17,"identifiers":1883},"Petersen, 2003, Redistribution of slurry in soil as influenced by organic matter content and injection method, J. Environ. Qual., 32, 2399, 10.2134\u002Fjeq2003.2399",{"doi":1884},"10.2134\u002Fjeq2003.2399",{"id":1886,"createTime":1887,"updateTime":1888,"relativeEntities":1889,"slug":1890,"properties":1891,"entityType":180,"verifyStatus":181,"verifyTime":1887,"verifyNote":182,"languages":1901,"translateLanguages":1902,"viewCount":18,"primaryUrl":1903,"fullTextUrl":17,"authors":1904,"publicationType":223,"publisherRelationship":1998,"citationCount":2076,"citationInfo":2077,"publishDate":17,"publishYear":17,"citationAnalyzeStatus":16,"lastCitationAnalyze":17,"indexDatabases":2081,"openAccess":17,"references":2082,"isForceReanalyzing":755},"d6c76e50-aa86-4fbd-8d6d-e88abc0de4ce","2024-10-11T20:29:29.759+00:00","2026-09-04T12:14:39.176+00:00",[],"Investigation-on-Improvement-in-Shear-Performance-of-Reinforced-Concrete-Beams-Produced-with-Recycled-Steel-Wires-from-Waste-Tires",{"openalex":1892,"abstract":1894,"title":1896,"doi":1899},{"VOID":1893},"W4306672752",{"EN":1895},"\u003Cjats:p>In parallel with the increase in vehicle sales worldwide, waste tires are becoming an increasing problem. The storage and disposal of these waste tires are critical environmental problems. Re-using these wastes in different areas instead of being disposed of is vital in preventing environmental pollution and creating new low-cost products. From this motivation, this paper investigates the properties of traditional reinforced-concrete beam with recycled steel wires (RSWT) obtained from the waste tires. RSWT were added to reinforced-concrete beam between 1% and 3% by weight with an increment of 1%. In total, 9 cubes, 12 cylinders and 12 reinforced-concrete beams were cast and tested to obtain the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, respectively. RSWT added to the concrete by 1%, 2% and 3% increased the compressive strength by 17.2%, 30.8% and 46.4%, respectively, compared to the reference concrete. In split tensile strength, 14.4%, 25.1% and 36.7% increases were observed, respectively. This showed that there was an effective increase in the compressive and tensile strength of concrete with the increase of fiber content. Although the effect of fiber content in samples with high stirrup spacing (27 cm) provides significant benefit in improving the beam behavior, the effect of fibers was more limited as the stirrup spacing decreased (20 cm and 16 cm). An approximation of over 91% was obtained between the analytical calculations and the experimental results. This shows that the analytical calculations given in the standards can be used for new experimental studies.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1897,"VI":1898},"Investigation on Improvement in Shear Performance of Reinforced-Concrete Beams Produced with Recycled Steel Wires from Waste Tires","Nghiên cứu cải thiện khả năng chịu cắt của dầm bê tông cốt thép chế tạo bằng sợi thép tái chế từ lốp xe phế 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S., Najm, H.M., Abed, S.M., Özkılıç, Y.O., Al Dughaishi, H., Alosta, M., Sabri, M.M.S., Alkhatib, F., and Milad, A. (2022). Concrete Containing Waste Glass as an Environmentally Friendly Aggregate: A Review on Fresh and Mechanical Characteristics. Materials, 15.",{"doi":2086},"10.3390\u002Fma15186222",{"id":17,"text":2088,"url":17,"identifiers":2089},"Çelik, A.İ., Özkılıç, Y.O., Zeybek, Ö., Özdöner, N., and Tayeh, B.A. (2022). Performance Assessment of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Produced with Waste Lathe Fibers. Sustainability, 14.",{"doi":2090},"10.3390\u002Fsu141911817",{"id":17,"text":2092,"url":17,"identifiers":2093},"Ahmad, J., Majdi, A., Deifalla, A.F., Qureshi, H.J., Saleem, M.U., Qaidi, S.M.A., and El-Shorbagy, M.A. (2022). Concrete Made with Dune Sand: Overview of Fresh, Mechanical and Durability Properties. Materials, 15.",{"doi":2094},"10.3390\u002Fma15176152",{"id":17,"text":2096,"url":17,"identifiers":2097},"Najm, 2021, The Use of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete for A Cleaner and Sustainable Environment—A Case Study of Mechanical Properties, J. Build. Pathol. Rehabil., 32, 0085",{},{"id":17,"text":2099,"url":17,"identifiers":2100},"Ahmad, 2022, Characteristics of Sustainable Concrete with Partial Substitutions of Glass Waste as a Binder Material, Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 16, 21, 10.1186\u002Fs40069-022-00511-1",{"doi":2101},"10.1186\u002Fs40069-022-00511-1",{"id":17,"text":2103,"url":17,"identifiers":2104},"Qaidi, S., Al-Kamaki, Y.S.S., Al-Mahaidi, R., Mohammed, A.S., Ahmed, H.U., Zaid, O., Althoey, F., Ahmad, J., Isleem, H.F., and Bennetts, I. (2022). Investigation of the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening of concrete made with recycled waste PET fine plastic aggregate. PLoS ONE, 17.",{"doi":2105},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0269664",{"id":17,"text":2107,"url":17,"identifiers":2108},"Martínez-García, R., Jagadesh, P., Zaid, O., Șerbănoiu, A.A., Fraile-Fernández, F.J., de Prado-Gil, J., Qaidi, S., and Grădinaru, C.M. (2022). The Present State of the Use of Waste Wood Ash as an Eco-Efficient Construction Material: A Review. Materials, 15.",{"doi":2109},"10.3390\u002Fma15155349",{"id":17,"text":2111,"url":17,"identifiers":2112},"Arbili, M.M., Alqurashi, M., Majdi, A., Ahmad, J., and Deifalla, A.F. (2022). Concrete Made with Iron Ore Tailings as a Fine Aggregate: A Step towards Sustainable Concrete. Materials, 15.",{"doi":2113},"10.3390\u002Fma15186236",{"id":17,"text":2115,"url":17,"identifiers":2116},"Hao, D.L.C., Razak, R.A., Kheimi, M., Yahya, Z., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Burduhos Nergis, D.D., Fansuri, H., Ediati, R., Mohamed, R., and Abdullah, A. (2022). Artificial Lightweight Aggregates Made from Pozzolanic Material: A Review on the Method, Physical and Mechanical Properties, Thermal and Microstructure. Materials, 15.",{"doi":2117},"10.3390\u002Fma15113929",{"id":17,"text":2119,"url":17,"identifiers":2120},"Monteiro, 2017, Towards sustainable concrete, Nat. Mater., 16, 698, 10.1038\u002Fnmat4930",{"doi":2121},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4930",{"id":17,"text":2123,"url":17,"identifiers":2124},"Shahjalal, 2021, Flexural response of fiber reinforced concrete beams with waste tires rubber and recycled aggregate, J. Clean. Prod., 278, 123842, 10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2020.123842",{"doi":2125},"10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2020.123842",{"id":17,"text":2127,"url":17,"identifiers":2128},"Arslan, M., and Arslan, H. (2017). New Trends on Green Buildings: Investigation of the Feasibility of Using Plastic Members in RC Buildings with SWs. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2nd International Conference on Green Energy Technology (ICGET 2017), Rome, Italy, 18–20 July 2017, IOP Publishing.",{"doi":2129},"10.1088\u002F1755-1315\u002F83\u002F1\u002F012022",{"id":17,"text":2131,"url":17,"identifiers":2132},"Arslan, M.H., and Arslan, H.D. (2013). Use of Plastic Material for Providing Thermal and Acoustics Comforts in Residence Constructed with RC Tunnel form System, CESB (Central Europe Towards Sustainable Building).",{},{"id":17,"text":2134,"url":17,"identifiers":2135},"Farhan Mushtaq, S., Ali, A., Khushnood, R.A., Tufail, R.F., Majdi, A., Nawaz, A., Durdyev, S., Burduhos Nergis, D.D., and Ahmad, J. (2022). Effect of Bentonite as Partial Replacement of Cement on Residual Properties of Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures. Sustainability, 14.",{"doi":2136},"10.3390\u002Fsu141811580",{"id":17,"text":2138,"url":17,"identifiers":2139},"Linul, 2020, Static and dynamic mode I fracture toughness of rigid PUR foams under room and cryogenic temperatures, Eng. Fract. Mech., 225, 106274, 10.1016\u002Fj.engfracmech.2018.12.007",{"doi":2140},"10.1016\u002Fj.engfracmech.2018.12.007",{"id":17,"text":2142,"url":17,"identifiers":2143},"Park, K.-B., Kim, H.-T., Her, N.-Y., and Lee, J.-M. (2019). Variation of mechanical characteristics of polyurethane foam: Effect of test method. Materials, 12.",{"doi":2144},"10.3390\u002Fma12172672",{"id":17,"text":2146,"url":17,"identifiers":2147},"Liu, K., Huang, M., Wang, F., Zhang, X., Fu, C., and Xu, P. (2022). Interlaminar stability analysis and evaluation of the asphalt pavement with heating cables based on shear fatigue test. Road Mater. Pavement Des., 1–22.",{"doi":2148},"10.1080\u002F14680629.2022.2052941",{"id":17,"text":2150,"url":17,"identifiers":2151},"Sundaresan, 2021, Improving mechanical and durability properties of hypo sludge concrete with basalt fibres and SBR latex, Adv. Concr. Constr., 12, 327",{},{"id":17,"text":2153,"url":17,"identifiers":2154},"Prakash, R., Raman, S.N., Subramanian, C., and Divyah, N. (2022). Eco-friendly fiber-reinforced concretes. 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Studies on its opportunities and challenges for companies are still scarce. However, the high practical and theoretical relevance of digital and connected manufacturing technologies implies that it is essential to understand the underlying dynamics of their implementation. Thus, this study examines the relevance of Industry 4.0-related opportunities and challenges as drivers for Industry 4.0 implementation in the context of sustainability, taking a differentiated perspective on varying company sizes, industry sectors, and the company’s role as an Industry 4.0 provider or user. A research model comprising relevant Industry 4.0-related opportunities and challenges as antecedents for its implementation is hypothesized. In order to test the model, partial least square structural equation modeling is applied for a sample of 746 German manufacturing companies from five industry sectors. The results show that strategic, operational, as well as environmental and social opportunities are positive drivers of Industry 4.0 implementation, whereas challenges with regard to competitiveness and future viability as well as organizational and production fit impede its progress. Moreover, it is shown that the perception of Industry 4.0-related opportunities and challenges as antecedents to Industry 4.0 implementation depends on different company characteristics.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":3246},"What Drives the Implementation of Industry 4.0? 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2016, How the Industrial Internet of Things Changes Business Models in Different Manufacturing Industries, Int. 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Statistics on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Dependent and Independent SMEs and Large Enterprises. Available online: http:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Feurostat\u002Fstatistics-explained\u002Findex.php\u002FStatistics_on_small_and_%20medium-sized_enterprises.",{},{"id":17,"text":3775,"url":17,"identifiers":3776},"Redondo, 2007, Importance of company size in long-term orientation of supply function: An empirical research, J. Bus. Ind. Mark., 22, 236, 10.1108\u002F08858620710754504",{"doi":3777},"10.1108\u002F08858620710754504",{"id":17,"text":3779,"url":17,"identifiers":3780},"Sciascia, 2015, Family Ownership and R&D Intensity in Small- and Medium-Sized Firms, J. Prod. Innov. Manag., 32, 349, 10.1111\u002Fjpim.12204",{"doi":3781},"10.1111\u002Fjpim.12204",{"id":17,"text":3783,"url":17,"identifiers":3784},"Braglia, 2000, Towards a taxonomy of search patterns of manufacturing flexibility in small and medium-sized firms, Omega, 28, 195, 10.1016\u002FS0305-0483(99)00044-4",{"doi":3785},"10.1016\u002FS0305-0483(99)00044-4",{"id":17,"text":3787,"url":17,"identifiers":3788},"Kapasuwan, 2007, The Synergistic Effects of Strategic Flexibility and Technological Resources on Performance of SMEs, J. Small Bus. Entrep., 20, 257, 10.1080\u002F08276331.2007.10593399",{"doi":3789},"10.1080\u002F08276331.2007.10593399",{"id":17,"text":3791,"url":17,"identifiers":3792},"Petroni, 2002, Identifying manufacturing flexibility best practices in small and medium enterprises, Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag., 22, 929, 10.1108\u002F01443570210436217",{"doi":3793},"10.1108\u002F01443570210436217",{"id":17,"text":3795,"url":17,"identifiers":3796},"Morrison, 2000, Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World, Acad. Manag. Rev., 25, 706, 10.2307\u002F259200",{"doi":3797},"10.2307\u002F259200",{"id":17,"text":3799,"url":17,"identifiers":3800},"Chesbrough, 2012, Open innovation: Where we’ve been and where we’re going, Res. Technol. Manag., 55, 20, 10.5437\u002F08956308X5504085",{"doi":3801},"10.5437\u002F08956308X5504085",{"id":17,"text":3803,"url":17,"identifiers":3804},"Zhang, 2010, Cloud computing: State-of-the-art and research challenges, J. Internet Serv. Appl., 1, 7, 10.1007\u002Fs13174-010-0007-6",{"doi":3805},"10.1007\u002Fs13174-010-0007-6",{"id":17,"text":3807,"url":17,"identifiers":3808},"Bulger, M., Taylor, G., and Schroeder, R. (2014). Data-Driven Business Models: Challenges and Opportunities of Big Data, Oxford Internet Institute.",{},{"id":17,"text":3810,"url":17,"identifiers":3811},"Shim, S.-O., Park, K., and Choi, S. (2017). Innovative Production Scheduling with Customer Satisfaction Based Measurement for the Sustainability of Manufacturing Firms. Sustainability, 9.",{"doi":3812},"10.3390\u002Fsu9122249",{"id":17,"text":3814,"url":17,"identifiers":3815},"Bologa, R., Lupu, A.-R., Boja, C., and Georgescu, T.M. (2017). Sustaining Employability: A Process for Introducing Cloud Computing, Big Data, Social Networks, Mobile Programming and Cybersecurity into Academic Curricula. Sustainability, 9.",{"doi":3816},"10.3390\u002Fsu9122235",{"id":17,"text":3818,"url":17,"identifiers":3819},"Gibson, 2006, Beyond the Pillars: Sustainability assessment as a framework for effective integration of social, economic and ecological considerations in significant decision-making, J. Environ. Assess. Policy Manag., 8, 259, 10.1142\u002FS1464333206002517",{"doi":3820},"10.1142\u002FS1464333206002517",{"id":17,"text":3822,"url":17,"identifiers":3823},"Sridhar, 2013, The three fundamental criticisms of the Triple Bottom Line approach. An empirical study to link sustainability reports in companies based in the Asia-Pacific region and TBL shortcomings, Asian J. Bus. Ethics, 2, 91, 10.1007\u002Fs13520-012-0019-3",{"doi":3824},"10.1007\u002Fs13520-012-0019-3",{"id":17,"text":3826,"url":17,"identifiers":3827},"Lin, K.C., Shyu, J.Z., and Ding, K. (2017). A Cross-Strait Comparison of Innovation Policy under Industry 4.0 and Sustainability Development Transition. Sustainability, 9.",{"doi":3828},"10.3390\u002Fsu9050786",{"id":17,"text":3199,"url":17,"identifiers":3830},{"doi":3201},{"id":3832,"createTime":3833,"updateTime":3833,"relativeEntities":3834,"slug":3835,"properties":3836,"entityType":180,"verifyStatus":181,"verifyTime":3843,"verifyNote":182,"languages":3844,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"primaryUrl":3845,"fullTextUrl":17,"authors":3846,"publicationType":223,"publisherRelationship":3889,"citationCount":3968,"citationInfo":3969,"publishDate":17,"publishYear":17,"citationAnalyzeStatus":16,"lastCitationAnalyze":17,"indexDatabases":3972,"openAccess":17,"references":3973,"isForceReanalyzing":755},"a78593bf-c905-49d1-9c86-1a582245aff6","2026-07-02T10:12:48.716+00:00",[],"Belt-and-Road-Initiative-in-Developing-Countries-Lessons-from-Five-Selected-Countries-in-Africa",{"title":3837,"doi":3839,"abstract":3841},{"EN":3838},"Belt and Road Initiative in Developing Countries: Lessons from Five Selected Countries in Africa",{"VOID":3840},"10.3390\u002Fsu151612334",{"EN":3842},"The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a household name for developing countries, especially in Africa. The BRI proposal by Chinese President Xi Jinping was positively received by many countries, including policymakers in China. In response, the Chinese Government committed to investing USD 1 trillion over ten years from 2013 to 2023. As a result, 152 countries signed a cooperation agreement with China to work under the BRI framework. The BRI has played a vital role in addressing the global infrastructures gap through the construction of modern highways, airports, high-speed railways, bridges, power generation (hydropower), and industrial parks. As a result, this has enhanced connectivity and economic growth between Asia, Europe, and Africa. Despite the BRI’s significant role in strengthening trade, infrastructure and investment links between China and other countries, there is limited literature on specific countries’ experience with the initiative. This study, therefore, will advance our understanding of the BRI, especially on the conceptualization of the term; comparative analysis of Africa–China relationships before and after the BRI; the benefits in relation to the “Five Connectivities” and the challenges the BRI is facing in Africa. The article is based on a literature review and case study as research methodologies mainly used the Policies, Projects, Initiatives, and Strategies (PPIS) as a data source. The study focuses on five African countries; Uganda, Kenya, Egypt, Djibouti, and Mozambique. These countries were selected purposefully for analysis because of their experience, long-term relationships with China, and strategic locations. The findings revealed that the BRI lacked a clear description and that it was difficult to distinguish between BRI projects and other regular economic or diplomatic relations. The study also identified four differences between Africa–China relationships before and after the BRI. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the BRI has positively contributed to all five connectivity pillars. However, the major challenges reported concerning the initiative from the various countries were: procurement corruption, low\u002Flack of involvement of stakeholders, high compensation prices, labor violations, increasing debts, and environmental hazards. In conclusion, while the BRI has brought about significant infrastructure development and economic benefits, the project has also experienced some challenges. This study, therefore, contributes to the body of knowledge on China’s Belt and Road Initiative and its impact on African countries, specifically in Uganda, Kenya, Djibouti, Mozambique, and Egypt. The paper then provides conclusions and policy implications as well as future research opportunities in the current body of the literature.","2026-07-02T10:12:48.715+00:00",[184],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2071-1050\u002F15\u002F16\u002F12334",[3847,3874],{"id":3848,"sortIndex":18,"researcher":17,"roles":3849,"affiliations":3850,"properties":3867,"displayName":3871,"givenName":17,"familyName":17},"5593982a-b868-404f-9889-04c764ac4f51",[],[3851,3859],{"id":3852,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":3853,"properties":17},"c6ad8b6c-dee8-488a-b76c-e9d62816dd9e",{"id":3852,"createTime":17,"updateTime":17,"relativeEntities":3854,"slug":17,"properties":3855,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":17,"url":17,"parentIds":3858,"statistic":17},[],{"title":3856},{"EN":3857},"Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. 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Stud., 4, 39, 10.1142\u002FS237774001850001X",{"doi":3987},"10.1142\u002FS237774001850001X",{"id":17,"text":3989,"url":17,"identifiers":3990},"Yu, 2020, Land compensation and livelihood restoration in the context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Evidence from the China-Laos railway, Land Use Policy, 94, 104524",{},{"id":17,"text":3992,"url":17,"identifiers":3993},"ADB (2017). Meeting Asia’s Infrastructure Needs, Asian Development Bank.",{},{"id":17,"text":3995,"url":17,"identifiers":3996},"Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (2022, January 29). Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, Issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, Fifth Edition, Available online: https:\u002F\u002Feng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn\u002Fqwyw\u002Fqwfb\u002F1084.htm.",{},{"id":17,"text":3998,"url":17,"identifiers":3999},"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (2022, January 29). Speech during the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation Held in Beijing, China, Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fmprc.gov.cn\u002Fmfa_eng\u002Fzxxx_662805\u002Ft1467552.shtml.",{},{"id":17,"text":4001,"url":17,"identifiers":4002},"Brautigam, D. (2020). China’s Belt and Road in the Pandemic Era, China Africa Research Initiative. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fchinaafricarealstory.com\u002F2020\u002F09\u002F17\u002Fchinas-belt-and-road-in-the-pandemic-era\u002F.",{},{"id":17,"text":4004,"url":17,"identifiers":4005},"IMF (2023, April 05). People’s Republic of China: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the People’s Republic of China. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.imf.org\u002Fen\u002FPublications\u002FCR\u002FIssues\u002F2019\u002F07\u002F29\u002FPeoples-Republic-of-China-2019-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-and-47571.",{},{"id":17,"text":4007,"url":17,"identifiers":4008},"Nolan, P. (2022, June 11). The Risks and Rewards of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Harvard Business Review. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fhbr.org\u002F2019\u002F02\u002Fthe-risks-and-rewards-of-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative.",{},{"id":17,"text":4010,"url":17,"identifiers":4011},"Moore, G. (2023, July 18). China’s Belt and Road Initiative Is More Than an Economic Power Play. Foreign Policy. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fforeignpolicy.com\u002F2020\u002F09\u002F18\u002Fchina-belt-road-initiative-more-than-economic-power-play\u002F.",{},{"id":17,"text":4013,"url":17,"identifiers":4014},"Maliszewska, M., and Mensbrugghe, D.V. (2019). The Belt and Road Initiative: Economic, Poverty and Environmental Impacts, World Bank Group. Policy Res. Work. Pap. 8814.",{"doi":4015},"10.1596\u002F1813-9450-8814",{"id":17,"text":4017,"url":17,"identifiers":4018},"UN (2022, July 18). Partnering for a Brighter Shared Future: Progress Report on the Belt and Road Initiative in Support of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Secretariat of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sub-Fund of the United Nations Peace and Development Trust Fund. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.un.org\u002Fsites\u002Fun2.un.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fprogress_report_bri_sdgs_english-final.pdf.",{},{"id":17,"text":4020,"url":17,"identifiers":4021},"Stec, G. (2022, January 29). China’s Belt and Road Initiative is Neither a Strategy, Nor a Vision. It is a Process. European Institute of Asian Studies. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eias.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F03\u002FEU_Asia_at_a_Glance_Stec_BRI_2018-1.pdf.",{},{"id":17,"text":4023,"url":17,"identifiers":4024},"Yin, R.K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage. [3rd ed.].",{},{"id":17,"text":4026,"url":17,"identifiers":4027},"Eisenhardt, 1989, Building theories from case study research, Acad. Manag. Rev., 14, 532, 10.2307\u002F258557",{"doi":4028},"10.2307\u002F258557",{"id":17,"text":4030,"url":17,"identifiers":4031},"Dul, J., and Hak, T. (2008). Case Study Methodology in Business Research, Linacre House, Jordan Hill.",{"doi":4032},"10.4324\u002F9780080552194",{"id":17,"text":4034,"url":17,"identifiers":4035},"Yin, R.K. (1984). 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Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebrd.com\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fbelt-and-road\u002Foverview.html.",{},{"id":17,"text":4049,"url":17,"identifiers":4050},"Dahir, A.L. (2023, July 17). These are the African Countries not Signed to China’s Belt and Road project. Quartz Africa. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fqz.com\u002FAfrica\u002F1718826\u002Fthe-african-countries-not-signed-to-chinas-belt-and-road.",{},{"id":17,"text":4052,"url":17,"identifiers":4053},"The Economist (2022, May 30). America’s New African Outpost: China. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.economist.com\u002Fmiddle-east-and-africa\u002F2019\u002F05\u002F30\u002Famericas-new-african-outpost-china.",{},{"id":17,"text":4055,"url":17,"identifiers":4056},"World Bank (2021). Jumpstarting Tourism, Services Trade, and Investment, World Bank. [15th ed.].",{},{"id":17,"text":4058,"url":17,"identifiers":4059},"The Conversation (2021, September 13). 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Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.finance.go.ug\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002FPublications\u002FMedium%20Term%20Debt%20Mana-ement%20Strategy%20%20FY2022_23%20Final.pdf.",{},{"id":17,"text":4067,"url":17,"identifiers":4068},"World Bank (2020). Kenya Economic Update: Debt Sustainability and Fiscal Risks in the Post-Covid-19 Period, World Bank Group.",{},{"id":17,"text":4070,"url":17,"identifiers":4071},"The Independent (2017, May 16). China’s Belt and Road: Kenya becomes Latest African Country to Sign Up to Development Plan. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.independent.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fworld\u002Fafrica\u002Fchina-belt-and-road-kenya-latest-african-country-sign-development-plan-a7749546.html.",{},{"id":17,"text":4073,"url":17,"identifiers":4074},"Brookings Institution (2020, September 10). Kenya’s Debt to China: A Case of Development or a lack of Options. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.brookings.edu\u002Fblog\u002Fafrica-in-focus\u002F2020\u002F09\u002F10\u002Fkenyas-debt-to-china-a-case-of-development-or-a-lack-of-options\u002F.",{},{"id":17,"text":4076,"url":17,"identifiers":4077},"The Guardian (2018, July 23). Chinese Companies Accused of Importing ‘Forced Labour’ to Build Kenyan Railway. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fworld\u002F2018\u002Fjul\u002F23\u002Fchinese-companies-accused-of-importing-forced-labour-to-build-kenyan-railway.",{},{"id":17,"text":4079,"url":17,"identifiers":4080},"The Guardian (2019, November 26). IMF Warns of Rising Debt Risk in African Countries Borrowing from China. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fworld\u002F2019\u002Fnov\u002F26\u002Fimf-warns-of-rising-debt-risk-in-african-countries-borrowing-from-china.",{},{"id":17,"text":4082,"url":17,"identifiers":4083},"Park, 2019, Challenges and implications of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Africa: The case of the Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) Corridor project in Kenya, Sustainability, 11, 2756",{},{"id":17,"text":4085,"url":17,"identifiers":4086},"International Monetary Fund (2020). Kenya: 2020 Article IV Consultation-Press Release, IMF. IMF Country Report No. 20\u002F57.",{},{"id":17,"text":4088,"url":17,"identifiers":4089},"The Guardian (2022, July 25). Is China’s Belt and Road working? A Progress Report from Eight Countries. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fasia.nikkei.com\u002FSpotlight\u002FThe-Big-Story\u002FIs-China-s-Belt-and-Road-working-A-progress-report-from-eight-countries.",{},{"id":17,"text":4091,"url":17,"identifiers":4092},"Egypt Today (2022, January 04). New Administrative Capital among Mega National Projects to be completed in 2021: Cabinet. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.egypttoday.com\u002FArticle\u002F1\u002F96591\u002FNew-Administrative-Capital-among-mega-national-projects-to-be-completed.",{},{"id":17,"text":4094,"url":17,"identifiers":4095},"World Bank (2022, July 14). Egypt Country Environmental Analysis: Managing Environmental and Climate Risks for a Sustainable Future. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fdocuments.worldbank.org\u002Fen\u002Fpublication\u002Fdocuments-reports\u002Fdocumentdetail\u002F679131599128576508\u002Fegypt-country-environmental-analysis-managing-environmental-and-climate-risks-for-a-sustainable-future.",{},{"id":17,"text":4097,"url":17,"identifiers":4098},"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (2022, March 19). China–Djibouti Relations, Available online: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fmprc.gov.cn\u002Fmfa_eng\u002Fwjdt_665385\u002Fzyjh_665391\u002Ft1391306.shtml.",{},{"id":17,"text":4100,"url":17,"identifiers":4101},"The Diplomat (2022, August 08). China’s Base in Djibouti: What It Means for the US and Africa. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fthediplomat.com\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fchinas-base-in-djibouti-what-it-means-for-the-us-and-africa\u002F.",{},{"id":17,"text":4103,"url":17,"identifiers":4104},"Xinhua (2018, January 01). China-Built Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway Begins Commercial Operations. 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(2022, June 11). Djibouti’s Debt to China has the US and France Worried. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theafricareport.com\u002F11551\u002Fdjiboutis-debt-to-china-has-the-us-and-france-worried\u002F.",{},{"id":17,"text":4118,"url":17,"identifiers":4119},"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (2022, January 11). Mozambique-China Relations, Available online: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fmprc.gov.cn\u002Fmfa_eng\u002Fwjb_663304\u002Fzzjg_663340\u002Fyzs_663350\u002Fgjlb_663354\u002F3008_6-3510\u002Ft180191.shtml.",{},{"id":17,"text":4121,"url":17,"identifiers":4122},"Xinhua (2022, December 12). China-Built Longest Suspension Bridge in Africa Opens to Traffic. 10 November 2018, Available online: http:\u002F\u002Fen.sasac.gov.cn\u002F2018\u002F11\u002F15\u002Fc_650.htm.",{},{"id":17,"text":4124,"url":17,"identifiers":4125},"Lopes, C. (2022, May 19). China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Africa. Project Syndicate. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.project\u002Fsyndicate.org\u002Fcommentary\u002Fchina-belt-and-road-initiative-africa-by-carlos-lopes-2018-09.",{},{"id":17,"text":4127,"url":17,"identifiers":4128},"Yang, X. (2022, July 15). Belt and Road Initiative Helps Africa Explore Diversified Economic Growth. China Daily. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn\u002Fa\u002F201906\u002F26\u002FWS5d12e2b1a3103dbf14329414.html.",{},{"id":17,"text":4130,"url":17,"identifiers":4131},"Global Times (2022, July 14). Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway a Road to Prosperity, BRI Boost ‘Speedy’ Transformation in Africa in Past Decade. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.globaltimes.cn\u002Fpage\u002F202207\u002F1270556.shtml.",{},{"id":17,"text":4133,"url":17,"identifiers":4134},"Nedopil, C. (2022). Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative, Green Finance & Development Center, FISF Fudan University. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.greenfdc.org.",{},{"id":17,"text":4136,"url":17,"identifiers":4137},"Komakech, R.A. (2019, January 22–26). Corruption in Public Procurement in Uganda: What to Do?. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conferences on Governance and Service Delivery in Developing Economies, Kampala, Uganda. ISBN 978-9970-857-00-5.",{},{"id":17,"text":4139,"url":17,"identifiers":4140},"Yiu, 2019, The impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative on labor standards, J. Contemp. China, 28, 740",{},{"id":17,"text":4142,"url":17,"identifiers":4143},"Wang, Y. (2022, January 11). China: ‘Belt and Road’ Projects Should Respect Rights. Available online: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hrw.org\u002Fnews\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F21\u002Fchina-belt-and-road-projects-should-respect-rights.",{},{"id":17,"text":4145,"url":17,"identifiers":4146},"Omolo, 2017, The Environmental Impact Assessment Process in Kenya and the Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor, J. Environ. Earth Sci., 7, 129",{},{"id":17,"text":4148,"url":17,"identifiers":4149},"Conway, G. (2019). China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Djibouti: Assessing Environmental Impacts and Risks, Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey.",{},{"id":17,"text":4151,"url":17,"identifiers":4152},"Matondane, 2019, Environmental Impacts of the Maputo-Catembe Bridge Project: A Case Study of the Mafalala Community, J. Afr. Dev., 21, 43",{},{"id":17,"text":4154,"url":17,"identifiers":4155},"Kasozi, 2020, Implications of the Standard Gauge Railway on Wildlife Conservation in Uganda, Int. J. Sci. Res., 9, 764",{},{"id":17,"text":4157,"url":17,"identifiers":4158},"Giza, 2021, China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the Environment: A Case Study of the Suez Canal Economic Zone, Environ. Manag., 68, 319",{},{"id":17,"text":4160,"url":17,"identifiers":4161},"2020, China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Africa’s debt: An analysis of the risks and opportunities, J. Afr. Trade, 7, 69",{},{"id":17,"text":4163,"url":17,"identifiers":4164},"Gallagher, 2021, China’s Belt and Road Initiative: An Analysis of Debt Sustainability and Debt Sustainability Frameworks, Asian Econ. Pap., 20, 1",{},{"id":17,"text":4166,"url":17,"identifiers":4167},"Kupfer, 2020, China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Strategic Approach to Debt Relief, J. Int. Aff., 21, 21",{},{"id":17,"text":4169,"url":17,"identifiers":4170},"Sun, Y. (2022, November 01). The Risks and Rewards of China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Africa. Brookings Institution. 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