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Neuropathic pain prevalence following spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain. 2017;21(1):29–44.\nHunt C, Moman R, Peterson A, Wilson R, Covington S, Mustafa R, et al. Prevalence of chronic pain after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(4):328–36.\nSiddall PJ. Management of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: now and in the future. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(5):352–9.\nShiao R, Lee-Kubli CA. Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: challenges and research perspectives. Neurother. 2018;15(3):635–53.\nJensen TS, Finnerup NB. Allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain: Clinical manifestations and mechanisms. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:924–35.\nCardenas DD, Yilmaz B. Recruitment of spinal cord injury patients to clinical trials: challenges and solutions. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2006;11:12–23.\nNorrbrink C, Löfgren M. Needs and requests–patients and physicians voices about improving the management of spinal cord injury neuropathic pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2016;38(2):151–8.\nLöfgren M, Norrbrink C. “But I know what works”—patients’ experience of spinal cord injury neuropathic pain management. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(25):2139–47.\nTodd KR, Martin Ginis KA. An examination of diurnal variations in neuropathic pain and affect, on exercise and non-exercise days, in adults with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2018;4(1):94.\nSato G, Osumi M, Morioka S. Effects of wheelchair propulsion on neuropathic pain and resting electroencephalography after spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Med. 2017;49(2):136–43.\nTodd KR, Van Der Scheer JW, Walsh JJ, Jackson GS, Dix GU, Little JP, Martin Ginis KA. The impact of sub-maximal exercise on neuropathic pain, inflammation and affect among adults with spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Front Rehabil Sci. 2021. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffresc.2021.700780.\nNorrbrink C, Lindberg T, Wahman K, Bjerkefors A. Effects of an exercise programme on musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury—results from a seated double-poling ergometer study. Spinal Cord. 2012;50(6):457–61.\nHayden J, Van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002F14651858.CD000335.pub2.\nTodd KR, Martin Ginis KA. Physical activity and spinal cord injury: lessons learned at the lowest end of the physical activity spectrum. Kinesiol Rev. 2019;8:54–62.\nGee CM, Lacroix MA, West CR. A 20 x 20 m repeated sprint field test replicates the demands of wheelchair rugby. J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21:753–7.\nFagher K, Dahlström Ö, Jacobsson J, Timpka T, Lexell J. Prevalence of sports-related injuries and illnesses in paralympic athletes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;12:271–80.\nKramer JLK, Minhas NK, Jutzeler CR, Erskine ELKS, Liu LJW, Ramer MS. Neuropathic pain following traumatic spinal cord injury: models, measurement, and mechanisms. J Neurosci. 2017;95:1295–306.\nBrellenthin AG, Crombie KM, Cook DB, Sehgal N, Koltyn KF. Psychosocial influences on exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Pain Med. 2017;18(3):538–50.\nTurner JA, Jensen MP, Warms CA, Cardenas DD. Catastrophizing is associated with pain intensity, psychological distress, and pain-related disability among individuals with chronic pain after spinal cord injury. Pain. 2002;98(1–2):127–34.\nMiddleton J, Siddall P, Nicholson Perry K, Nicholas MK, et al. Psychological characteristics of people with spinal cord injury-related persisting pain referred to a tertiary pain management center. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2009;46(1):57–67.\nJohnson MH, Petrie SM. The effects of distraction on exercise and cold pressor tolerance for chronic low back pain sufferers. Pain. 1997;69(1–2):43–8.\nRice D, Nijs J, Kosek E, Wideman T, Hasenbring MI, Koltyn K, et al. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in pain-free and chronic pain populations: state of the art and future directions. J pain. 2019;20:1249–66.\nFaul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A-G. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149–60.\nMartin Ginis KA, Van Der Scheer JW, Latimer-Cheung AE, Barrow A, Bourne C, Carruthers P, et al. Evidence-based scientific exercise guidelines for adults with spinal cord injury: an update and a new guideline. Spinal Cord. 2018;56(4):308–21.\nMartin Ginis KA, Latimer AE, Hicks AL, Craven BC. Development and evaluation of an activity measure for people with spinal cord injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(7):1099–111.\nWiderström-Noga E, Biering-Sørensen F, Bryce TN, Cardenas DD, Finnerup NB, Jensen MP, et al. The international spinal cord injury pain basic data set (version 2.0). Spinal Cord. 2014;52(4):282–6.\nMahnig S, Landmann G, Stockinger L, Opsommer E. Pain assessment according to the international spinal cord injury pain classification in patients with spinal cord injury referred to a multidisciplinary pain center. Spinal Cord. 2016;54(10):809–15.\nBouhassira D, Attal N, Alchaar H, Boureau F, Brochet B, Bruxelle J, et al. Comparison of pain syndromes associated with nervous or somatic lesions and development of a new neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4). Pain. 2005;114(1–2):29–36.\nHallström H, Norrbrink C. Screening tools for neuropathic pain: Can they be of use in individuals with spinal cord injury? Pain. 2011;152(4):772–9.\nMartin Ginis KA, Phang SH, Latimer AE, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP. Reliability and validity tests of the leisure time physical activity questionnaire for people with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(4):677–82.\nMartin Ginis KA, Ubeda-Colomer J, Alrashidi AA, Nightingale TE, Au JS, Currie KD, et al. Construct validation of the leisure time physical activity questionnaire for people with SCI (LTPAQ-SCI). Spinal Cord. 2021;59(3):311–8.\nRosenstiel AK, Keefe FJ. The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain. 1983;17(1):33–44.\nWiderström-Noga E, Felix ER, Adcock JP, Escalona M, Tibbett J. Multidimensional neuropathic pain phenotypes after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2016;33(5):482–92.\nSullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524–32.\nCraig A, Guest R, Tran Y, Perry KN, Middleton J. Pain catastrophizing and negative mood states after spinal cord injury: transitioning from inpatient rehabilitation into the community. J Pain. 2017;18(7):800–10.\nBertisch H, Kalpakjian CZ, Kisala PA, Tulsky DS. Measuring positive affect and well-being after spinal cord injury: development and psychometric characteristics of the SCI-QOL positive affect and well-being bank and short form. J Spinal Cord Med. 2015;38(3):356–65.\nGainforth HL, Hoekstra F, McKay R, McBride CB, Sweet SN, Martin Ginis KA, et al. Integrated knowledge translation guiding principles for conducting and disseminating spinal cord injury research in partnership. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;102(4):656–63.\nHayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Publications; 2017.\nCohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press; 1977. p. 8.\nKodesh E, Weissman-Fogel I. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia–interval versus continuous mode. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(7):829–34.\nKoltyn KF. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia and intensity of exercise. Sport Med. 2002;32(8):477–87.\nKoltyn KF, Garvin AW, Gardiner RL, Nelson TF. Perception of pain following aerobic exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(11):1418–21.\nMcDougall J, Jutzeler CR, Scott A, Crocker PRE, Kramer JLK. Conditioned pain modulation in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Pain. 2020;20(3):429–38.\nGeva N, Defrin R. Enhanced pain modulation among triathletes: A possible explanation for their exceptional capabilities. Pain. 2013;154(11):2317–23.\nTesarz J, Schuster AK, Hartmann M, Gerhardt A, Eich W. Pain perception in athletes compared to normally active controls: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Pain. 2012;153(6):1253–62.\nHenwood P, Ellis J, Logan J, Dubouloz C-J, D’Eon J. Acceptance of chronic neuropathic pain in spinal cord injured persons: a qualitative approach. Pain Manag Nurs. 2012;13(4):215–22.\nHeutink M, Post MWM, Wollaars MM, van Asbeck FWA. Chronic spinal cord injury pain: pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and treatment effectiveness. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(5):433–40.\nWiderström-Noga EG, Finnerup NB, Siddall PJ. Biopsychosocial perspective on a mechanisms-based approach to assessment and treatment of pain following spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2009;46(1).\nNicholls AR, Polman RCJ. Coping in sport: a systematic review. J Sports Sci. 2007;25(1):11–31.\nClemente M, Dallarmi Miguel M, Bettega Felipe K, Gisele Santos M, Eugenia Cidade R, Françai Cesielski D Jr, et al. Comparative study of the psychological well-being of healthy volunteers, paralympic athletes and non-athletes with spinal cord injury, assessed by short form survey (SF-36). Int J Sport Phys Educ. 2019;5(2):23–9.\nTodd KR, Lawrason SVC, Shaw RB, Wirtz D, Martin Ginis KA. Physical activity interventions, chronic pain, and subjective well-being among persons with spinal cord injury: a systematic scoping review. Spinal Cord. 2021;59(2):93–104.\nMartin Ginis KA, Latimer AE, McKechnie K, Ditor DS, McCartney N, Hicks AL, et al. Using exercise to enhance subjective well-being among people with spinal cord injury: the mediating influences of stress and pain. Rehabil Psychol. 2003;48(3):157.\nSummers JD, Rapoff MA, Varghese G, Porter K, Palmer RE. Psychosocial factors in chronic spinal cord injury pain. Pain. 1991;47(2):183–9.\nTanhoffer RA, Tanhoffer AIP, Raymond J, Hills AP, Davis GM. Comparison of methods to assess energy expenditure and physical activity in people with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2012;35(1):35–45.\nNightingale TE, Rouse PC, Thompson D, Bilzon JLJ. Measurement of physical activity and energy expenditure in wheelchair users: methods, considerations and future directions. Sport Med. 2017;3(1):1–16.\nMa JK, McCracken LA, Voss C, Chan FHN, West CR, Martin Ginis KA. Physical activity measurement in people with spinal cord injury: comparison of accelerometry and self-report (the physical activity recall assessment for people with spinsal cord injury). Disabil Rehabil. 2020;42(2):240–6.",{"EN":155},"Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) report high levels of neuropathic pain. Current treatment options are primarily pharmaceutical, despite their limited effectiveness. Exercise may reduce neuropathic pain among persons with SCI; however, the optimal dose of exercise required to elicit analgesic effects remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare neuropathic pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, use of coping strategies, and positive affect and well-being among Paralympic versus recreational athletes with SCI who experience chronic neuropathic pain. Forty-seven athletes with SCI (25 Paralympic, 27 recreational) completed the International SCI Pain Basic Data Set, Douleur Neuropathique-4, coping strategies questionnaire, pain catastrophizing scale, and SCI-quality of life assessment. Paralympic athletes reported significantly greater neuropathic pain (p = 0.032) and positive affect and well-being (p = 0.047) than recreational athletes. No other comparisons were significant (ps > 0.09). Significant, medium-sized positive correlations were observed between neuropathic pain and total minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (r = 0.335, p = 0.023) and average minutes per day of moderate-intensity exercise (r = 0.375, p = 0.010) over the past week. The results suggest that frequent moderate- to high-intensity exercise may exacerbate neuropathic pain sensations for persons with SCI. Research should investigate psychosocial and physiological mechanisms by which exercise may influence neuropathic pain to explain how Paralympic athletes with SCI are able to continue exercising while maintaining positive affect despite neuropathic pain. \n                \n                  \n                  \n                \n                \n                  \n                  \n                \n                \n                  \n                  \n                \n              ",{"EN":157},"A Comparison of Neuropathic Pain Experiences Among Paralympic Versus Recreational Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury",{"VOID":159},"10.1186\u002Fs40798-023-00645-w","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","Auto Verify","https:\u002F\u002Fsportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40798-023-00645-w",[165,215,251,276,288,300],{"id":166,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":168,"affiliations":170,"properties":212},"2d415ea6-65bb-4770-95b2-5a19577803dd",5,[169],"AUTHOR",[171,182,193,201],{"id":172,"sortIndex":173,"affiliation":174,"properties":181},"0e1934c0-1145-404d-b497-c410f4e29e21",2,{"id":175,"createTime":176,"updateTime":176,"relativeEntities":177,"slug":18,"properties":178,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"335e1d67-2d05-48c9-ade6-0ed568589591","2024-02-07T07:28:58.075+00:00",[],{"title":179},{"VI":180},"Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada",{},{"id":183,"sortIndex":184,"affiliation":185,"properties":192},"13ac734f-50d5-4777-a207-0f84c855166e",1,{"id":186,"createTime":187,"updateTime":187,"relativeEntities":188,"slug":18,"properties":189,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"673d087c-51d9-4614-9f4a-4b63f569fc6d","2024-02-10T21:45:43.090+00:00",[],{"title":190},{"VI":191},"International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (BSCC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada",{},{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":194,"properties":18},{"id":195,"createTime":196,"updateTime":196,"relativeEntities":197,"slug":18,"properties":198,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"25616b88-b06a-4062-aa0e-0f3ecd59ef5e","2024-01-16T01:25:38.332+00:00",[],{"title":199},{"VI":200},"School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada",{"id":202,"sortIndex":203,"affiliation":204,"properties":211},"f3c977cf-7a39-4654-b0c9-bcdbdd33811c",3,{"id":205,"createTime":206,"updateTime":206,"relativeEntities":207,"slug":18,"properties":208,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"effc4a59-34d4-4e23-8981-b8de67b79b09","2023-12-30T22:21:00.489+00:00",[],{"title":209},{"VI":210},"Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada",{},{"title":213},{"VI":214},"Kathleen A. 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Effects of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia on sea-level performance: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2017;47(8):1651–60.\nShatilo VB, et al. Effects of intermittent hypoxia training on exercise performance, hemodynamics, and ventilation in healthy senior men. High Alt Med Biol. 2008;9(1):43–52.\nBunn HF, Poyton RO. Oxygen sensing and molecular adaptation to hypoxia. Physiol Rev. 1996;76(3):839–85.\nSemenza GL. Oxygen sensing, hypoxia-inducible factors, and disease pathophysiology. Annu Rev Pathol. 2014;9:47–71.\nStray-Gundersen J, Chapman RF, Levine BD. “Living high-training low” altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female elite runners. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91(3):1113–20.\nMeeuwsen T, Hendriksen IJ, Holewijn M. Training-induced increases in sea-level performance are enhanced by acute intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001;84(4):283–90.\nDe Smet S, et al. Physiological adaptations to hypoxic vs. normoxic training during intermittent living high. Front Physiol. 2017;8:347.\nGore CJ, Clark SA, Saunders PU. Nonhematological mechanisms of improved sea-level performance after hypoxic exposure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(9):1600.\nDe Groote E, et al. Hypoxic training improves normoxic glucose tolerance in adolescents with obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(11):2200–8.\nCamacho-Cardenosa A, et al. High-intensity interval training in normobaric hypoxia leads to greater body fat loss in overweight\u002Fobese women than high-intensity interval training in normoxia. Front Physiol. 2018;9:60.\nPark HY, et al. Twelve weeks of exercise modality in hypoxia enhances health-related function in obese older Korean men: a randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019;19(4):311–6.\nStrobel G, Neureither M, Bärtsch P. Effect of acute mild hypoxia during exercise on plasma free and sulphoconjugated catecholamines. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996;73(1):82–7.\nKon M, et al. Effects of low-intensity resistance exercise under acute systemic hypoxia on hormonal responses. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(3):611–7.\nKon M, et al. Effects of acute hypoxia on metabolic and hormonal responses to resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(7):1279–85.\nWindsor MT, et al. Cytokine responses to acute exercise in healthy older adults: the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness. Front Physiol. 2018;9:203.\nScheller J, et al. 2011 The pro-and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. Biochimica Biophys Acta (BBA) Mol Cell Res. 1813;5:878–88.\nHunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(5):448–57.\nStarkie R, et al. Exercise and IL-6 infusion inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-α production in humans. FASEB J. 2003;17(8):1–10.\nSteensberg A, et al. IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;285(2):E433–7.\nNara H, Watanabe R. Anti-inflammatory effect of muscle-derived interleukin-6 and its involvement in lipid metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(18):9889.\nKhalafi M, Symonds ME. The impact of high-intensity interval training on inflammatory markers in metabolic disorders: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30(11):2020–36.\nKhalafi M, Symonds ME, Akbari A. The impact of exercise training versus caloric restriction on inflammation markers: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(15):4226–41.\nKhalafi M, Malandish A, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2021;150:111398.\nPerandini L, et al. Inflammatory cytokine kinetics to single bouts of acute moderate and intense aerobic exercise in women with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2015;21:174–85.\nZaldivar F, et al. Constitutive pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine and growth factor response to exercise in leukocytes. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100(4):1124–33.\nBrown WM, et al. A systematic review of the acute effects of exercise on immune and inflammatory indices in untrained adults. Sports Med Open. 2015;1(1):1–10.\nEltzschig HK, Carmeliet P. Hypoxia and inflammation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(7):656–65.\nDosek A, et al. High altitude and oxidative stress. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2007;158(2–3):128–31.\nSantos SAD, et al. Vitamin E supplementation inhibits muscle damage and inflammation after moderate exercise in hypoxia. J Hum Nutr Dietetics. 2016;29(4):516–22.\nPadilha CS, et al. Immunometabolic responses according to physical fitness status and lifelong exercise during aging: new roads for exercise immunology. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;68:101341.\nRosa-Neto JC, et al. Immunometabolism-fit: how exercise and training can modify T cell and macrophage metabolism in health and disease. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2022;28:29–46.\nWan X, et al. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\u002For interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14(1):135.\nHozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005;5(1):13.\nHiggins JP, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. New York: Wiley; 2019.\nDe Morton NA. The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(2):129–33.\nEgger M, et al. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629–34.\nChen P-W, et al. Effects of hypoxia–hyperoxia preconditioning on indicators of muscle damage after acute resistance exercise in male athletes. Front Physiol. 2022;13:444.\nBritto FA, et al. Acute environmental hypoxia potentiates satellite cell-dependent myogenesis in response to resistance exercise through the inflammation pathway in human. FASEB J. 2020;34(1):1885–900.\nLira FS, et al. Physiological and cytokine response to acute exercise under hypoxic conditions: a pilot study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2016;57(4):461–8.\nGoto K, et al. Post-exercise serum hepcidin levels were unaffected by hypoxic exposure during prolonged exercise sessions. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(8):e0183629.\nMoura LZ, et al. Exercise chemosensitivity in heart failure: ventilatory, chronotropic and neurohormonal responses. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95:381–91.\nBlegen M, et al. The immunological and metabolic responses to exercise of varying intensities in normoxic and hypoxic environments. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(5):1638–44.\nBenavente C, et al. Hormonal and inflammatory responses to hypertrophy-oriented resistance training at acute moderate altitude. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8):4233.\nCaris AV, et al. Carbohydrate supplementation influences serum cytokines after exercise under hypoxic conditions. Nutrients. 2016;8(11):706.\nGoods PS, et al. Effect of repeat-sprint training in hypoxia on post-exercise interleukin-6 and F2-isoprostanes. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):1047–54.\nGoto K, et al. Postexercise serum hepcidin response to repeated sprint exercise under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018;43(3):221–6.\nHagobian TA, et al. Cytokine response at high altitude: effects of exercise and antioxidants at 4300 m. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(2):276.\nLee BJ, et al. The impact of submaximal exercise during heat and\u002For hypoxia on the cardiovascular and monocyte HSP72 responses to subsequent (post 24 h) exercise in hypoxia. Extreme Physiol Med. 2014;3(1):1–16.\nMazzeo RS, et al. Interleukin-6 response to exercise and high-altitude exposure: influence of α-adrenergic blockade. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91(5):2143–9.\nSantos SA, et al. Effect of moderate exercise under hypoxia on Th1\u002FTh2 cytokine balance. Clin Respir J. 2019;13(9):583–9.\nSvendsen IS, Hem E, Gleeson M. Effect of acute exercise and hypoxia on markers of systemic and mucosal immunity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(6):1219–29.\nWahl P, et al. Responses of angiogenic growth factors to exercise, to hypoxia and to exercise under hypoxic conditions. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(02):95–100.\nŻebrowska A, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training in hypoxia and normoxia in healthy male volunteers: a pilot study. BioMed Res Int. 2019;2019:7315714.\nGovus AD, et al. Acute hypoxic exercise does not alter post-exercise iron metabolism in moderately trained endurance athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114(10):2183–91.\nHill GW, et al. Prolonged treadmill running in normobaric hypoxia causes gastrointestinal barrier permeability and elevates circulating levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020;45(4):376–86.\nLundby C, Steensberg A. Interleukin-6 response to exercise during acute and chronic hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;91(1):88–93.\nŻebrowska A, et al. Moderate intensity exercise in hypoxia increases IGF-1 bioavailability and serum irisin in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Therap Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020;11:2042018820925326.\nMorrison J, et al. The post-exercise inflammatory response to repeated-sprint running in hypoxia. J Sports Sci Med. 2018;17(4):533.\nCerqueira É, et al. Inflammatory effects of high and moderate intensity exercise—a systematic review. Front Physiol. 2020;10:1550.\nGlund S, Krook A. Role of interleukin-6 signalling in glucose and lipid metabolism. Acta Physiol. 2008;192(1):37–48.\nHelge JW, et al. The effect of graded exercise on IL-6 release and glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2003;546(1):299–305.\nKeller C, et al. Transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene in human contracting skeletal muscle: influence of muscle glycogen content. FASEB J. 2001;15(14):1–15.\nAllsopp G, et al. The acute leukocyte and cytokine response of older adults to resistance exercise in normobaric hypoxia. Biol Sport. 2023;40(2):425–38.\nFischer CP. Interleukin-6 in acute exercise and training: what is the biological relevance. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2006;12(6–33):41.\nScheele C, Nielsen S, Pedersen BK. ROS and myokines promote muscle adaptation to exercise. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2009;20(3):95–9.\nBrines R, Hoffman-Goetz L, Pedersen BK. Can you exercise to make your immune system fitter? Immunol Today. 1996;17(6):252–4.\nPedersen BK, Steensberg A. Exercise and hypoxia: effects on leukocytes and interleukin-6-shared mechanisms? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(12):2004–12.\nMcGarry T, et al. Hypoxia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Free Radical Biol Med. 2018;125:15–24.\nJefferson JA, et al. Increased oxidative stress following acute and chronic high altitude exposure. High Alt Med Biol. 2004;5(1):61–9.\nHartmann G, et al. High altitude increases circulating interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and C-reactive protein. Cytokine. 2000;12(3):246–52.\nSumi D, Kojima C, Goto K. Impact of endurance exercise in hypoxia on muscle damage, inflammatory and performance responses. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(4):1053–62.\nCerqueira É, et al. Inflammatory effects of high and moderate intensity exercise—a systematic review. Front Physiol. 2020;10:1550.\nChandel NS, et al. Role of oxidants in NF-κB activation and TNF-α gene transcription induced by hypoxia and endotoxin. J Immunol. 2000;165(2):1013–21.\nLeeper-Woodford SK, Detmer K. Acute hypoxia increases alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor activity and alters NF-κB expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 1999;276(6):L909–16.\nLeón-López J, et al. Oxidative stress in elite athletes training at moderate altitude and at sea level. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;18(6):832–41.\nWang P, et al. IL-10 inhibits transcription of cytokine genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Immunol. 1994;153(2):811–6.\nde Waal Malefyt R, et al. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J Exp Med. 1991;174(5):1209–20.\nCabral-Santos C, et al. Interleukin-10 responses from acute exercise in healthy subjects: a systematic review. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(7):9956–65.",{"EN":369},"Both acute exercise and environmental hypoxia may elevate inflammatory cytokines, but the inflammatory response in the hypoxic exercise is remaining unknown. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of exercise in hypoxia on inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify the original articles that compared the effect of exercise in hypoxia with normoxia on IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 changes, published up to March 2023. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effect model to (1) determine the effect of exercise in hypoxia, (2) determine the effect of exercise in normoxia and (3) compare the effect of exercise in hypoxia with normoxia on IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 responses. Twenty-three studies involving 243 healthy, trained and athlete subjects with a mean age range from 19.8 to 41.0 years were included in our meta-analysis. On comparing exercise in hypoxia with normoxia, no differences were found in the response of IL-6 [0.17 (95% CI − 0.08 to 0.43), p = 0.17] and TNF-α [0.17 (95% CI − 0.10 to 0.46), p = 0.21] between the conditions. Exercise in hypoxia significantly increased IL-10 concentration [0.60 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.03), p = 0.006] compared with normoxia. In addition, exercise during both hypoxia and normoxia increased IL-6 and IL-10, whereas TNF-α was increased only in hypoxic exercise condition. Overall, exercise in both hypoxia and normoxia increased inflammatory cytokines; however, hypoxic exercise may lead to a greater inflammatory response in adults.",{"EN":371},"Impact of Exercise in Hypoxia on Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis",{"VOID":373},"10.1186\u002Fs40798-023-00584-6","https:\u002F\u002Fsportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40798-023-00584-6",[376,391,406,418,434,449],{"id":377,"sortIndex":203,"researcher":18,"roles":378,"affiliations":379,"properties":388},"5706046d-9a0b-419d-9049-95c00791cde5",[169],[380],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":381,"properties":18},{"id":382,"createTime":383,"updateTime":383,"relativeEntities":384,"slug":18,"properties":385,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"3314df68-2006-46f8-9bac-6228767b3a0a","2023-12-19T20:26:42.466+00:00",[],{"title":386},{"VI":387},"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran",{"title":389},{"VI":390},"Saeid Reza Noori Mofrad",{"id":392,"sortIndex":184,"researcher":18,"roles":393,"affiliations":394,"properties":403},"fc61e4d1-7159-4490-ae88-a7cf91014c17",[169],[395],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":396,"properties":18},{"id":397,"createTime":398,"updateTime":398,"relativeEntities":399,"slug":18,"properties":400,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"56160fd1-f94b-4608-b323-39274b2f7171","2024-02-13T21:28:50.963+00:00",[],{"title":401},{"VI":402},"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran",{"title":404},{"VI":405},"Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei",{"id":407,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":408,"affiliations":409,"properties":415},"fce81619-a57e-43ce-bc19-f45627894048",[169],[410],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":411,"properties":18},{"id":382,"createTime":383,"updateTime":383,"relativeEntities":412,"slug":18,"properties":413,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},[],{"title":414},{"VI":387},{"title":416},{"VI":417},"Mousa Khalafi",{"id":419,"sortIndex":173,"researcher":18,"roles":420,"affiliations":421,"properties":431},"4fcb3483-7467-4001-9fa7-40986b6110e6",[169],[422],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":423,"properties":18},{"id":424,"createTime":425,"updateTime":425,"relativeEntities":426,"slug":427,"properties":428,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"23e288dc-3657-42ce-a5de-175ac7f02d6f","2024-04-06T17:39:32.123+00:00",[],"Centre-for-Perinatal-Research-Academic-Unit-of-Population-and-Lifespan-Sciences-School-of-Medicine-University-of-Nottingham-Nottingham-UK",{"title":429},{"VI":430},"Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK",{"title":432},{"VI":433},"Michael E. Symonds",{"id":435,"sortIndex":253,"researcher":18,"roles":436,"affiliations":437,"properties":446},"1e4339e5-4aeb-4eae-9da8-27f5c64ae5ac",[169],[438],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":439,"properties":18},{"id":440,"createTime":441,"updateTime":441,"relativeEntities":442,"slug":18,"properties":443,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"3b493621-c632-4a6f-bfb1-ec043265f12c","2024-02-13T21:28:51.376+00:00",[],{"title":444},{"VI":445},"Institute of Human Movement and Sports Engineering, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, China",{"title":447},{"VI":448},"Yubo Liu",{"id":450,"sortIndex":167,"researcher":18,"roles":451,"affiliations":452,"properties":458},"37eb8140-41db-4f00-b189-bb0985ba230d",[169],[453],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":454,"properties":18},{"id":440,"createTime":441,"updateTime":441,"relativeEntities":455,"slug":18,"properties":456,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},[],{"title":457},{"VI":445},{"title":459},{"VI":460},"Mallikarjuna Korivi",{"url":374,"publisher":462,"properties":489},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":463,"slug":10,"properties":464,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":467,"manageAffiliations":468,"indexDatabases":469,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":484,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"eissn":465,"title":466},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[],[],[470,477],{"id":79,"indexDatabase":471,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":476,"indexDatabaseRanking":97},{"id":81,"createTime":82,"updateTime":83,"relativeEntities":472,"label":473,"description":474,"key":89,"publicationTags":475,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96],{"id":60,"indexDatabase":478,"url":75,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":483,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":62,"createTime":63,"updateTime":64,"relativeEntities":479,"label":480,"description":481,"key":71,"publicationTags":482,"standard":18},[],{"EN":67,"VI":67},{"VI":69,"EN":70},[73,74],[77],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":485,"i10Index":108,"i10IndexLast5Year":109,"totalPublication":110,"totalPublicationByYear":486,"totalCitation":121,"totalCitationByYear":487,"totalCitationPerPublication":131,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":488,"hindexLast5Year":109,"hindex":109},{"2016":100,"2017":101,"2018":102,"2019":103,"2020":104,"2021":105,"2022":106,"2023":107},{"2015":112,"2016":113,"2017":114,"2018":108,"2019":115,"2020":116,"2021":117,"2022":118,"2023":119,"2024":120},{"2015":123,"2016":124,"2017":125,"2018":126,"2019":127,"2020":128,"2021":129,"2022":130},{"2015":133,"2016":134,"2017":135,"2018":136,"2019":137,"2020":138,"2021":139,"2022":140},{"volume":490,"pages":491},{"VOID":353},{"VOID":492},"1-14","2023-06-29",{"id":495,"createTime":496,"updateTime":497,"relativeEntities":498,"slug":499,"properties":500,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":497,"verifyNote":162,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":509,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":510,"publicationType":322,"publisherRelationship":590,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":621,"publishYear":357,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":18,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":358},"06bea45e-17d9-4150-902e-d18f4e77c360","2023-12-19T07:58:38.821+00:00","2024-12-26T23:43:47.134+00:00",[],"Effects-of-a-High-Volume-7-Week-Pectoralis-Muscle-Stretching-Training-on-Muscle-Function-and-Muscle-Stiffness",{"references":501,"abstract":503,"title":505,"doi":507},{"VOID":502},"Halder AM, Itoi E, An KN. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder. Orthop Clin N Am. 2000;31:159–76.\nKim M-K, Lee JC, Yoo K-T. The effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching on balance and maximal shoulder muscle strength of healthy young adults with round shoulder posture. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018;30:373–80.\nUmehara J, Nakamura M, Nishishita S, Tanaka H, Kusano K, Ichihashi N. Scapular kinematic alterations during arm elevation with decrease in pectoralis minor stiffness after stretching in healthy individuals. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2018;27:1214–20. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jse.2018.02.037.\nLe Gal J, Begon M, Gillet B, Rogowski I. Effects of self-myofascial release on shoulder function and perception in adolescent tennis players. J Sport Rehabil. 2018;27:530–5.\nKanhachon W, Boonprakob Y. Modified-active release therapy in patients with scapulocostal syndrome and masticatory myofascial pain: a stratified-randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:8533.\nCardoso R, Meneses RF, Lumini-Oliveira J, Pestana P. Myofascial release effects in teachers’ posture, muscle tension and voice quality: a randomized controlled trial. J Voice. 2021. In press. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jvoice.2021.03.029\nDe Groef A, Van Kampen M, Verlvoesem N, Dieltjens E, Vos L, De Vrieze T, et al. Effect of myofascial techniques for treatment of upper limb dysfunctions in breast cancer survivors: randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25:2119–27.\nHodgins JL, Rubenstein W, Kovacevic D, Padaki A, Jobin CM, Ahmad CS. Pectoralis minor contracture in throwing shoulders of asymptomatic adolescent baseball players. Orthop J Sport Med. 2017;5:2325967117728041.\nLaudner K, Thorson K. Acute effects of pectoralis minor self-mobilization on shoulder motion and posture: a blinded and randomized placebo-controlled study in asymptomatic individuals. J Sport Rehabil. 2020;29:420–4.\nMahieu NN, McNair P, De Muynck M, Stevens V, Blanckaert I, Smits N, et al. Effect of static and ballistic stretching on the muscle-tendon tissue properties. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2007;39:494–501.\nNakamura M, Yahata K, Sato S, Kiyono R, Yoshida R, Fukaya T, et al. Training and detraining effects following a static stretching program on medial gastrocnemius passive properties. Front Physiol. 2021;12:656579.\nPanidi I, Bogdanis GC, Terzis G, Donti A, Konrad A, Gaspari V, et al. Muscle architectural and functional adaptations following 12-weeks of stretching in adolescent female athletes. Front Physiol. 2021;12:701338. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffphys.2021.701338\u002Ffull.\nKonrad A, Tilp M. Increased range of motion after static stretching is not due to changes in muscle and tendon structures. Clin Biomech. 2014;29:636–42. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.clinbiomech.2014.04.013.\nKokkonen J, Nelson AG, Eldredge C, Winchester JB. Chronic static stretching improves exercise performance. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2007;39:1825–31.\nMedeiros DM, Lima CSS. Influence of chronic stretching on muscle performance: systematic review. Hum Mov Sci. 2017;54:220–9.\nYahata K, Konrad A, Sato S, Kiyono R, Yoshida R, Fukaya T, et al. Effects of a high-volume static stretching programme on plantar-flexor muscle strength and architecture. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;121:1159–66.\nMuanjai P, Jones DA, Mickevicius M, Satkunskiene D, Snieckus A, Rutkauskaite R, et al. The effects of 4 weeks stretching training to the point of pain on flexibility and muscle tendon unit properties. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117:1713–25. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00421-017-3666-1.\nLongo S, Cè E, Bisconti AV, Rampichini S, Doria C, Borrelli M, et al. The effects of 12 weeks of static stretch training on the functional, mechanical, and architectural characteristics of the triceps surae muscle–tendon complex. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;121:1743–58. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00421-021-04654-z.\nFreitas SR, Mendes B, Le Sant G, Andrade RJ, Nordez A, Milanovic Z. Can chronic stretching change the muscle-tendon mechanical properties? A review. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2018;28:794–806.\nMagnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Soørensen H, Kjær M. A mechanism for altered flexibility in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 1996;497:291–8.\nKonrad A, Nakamura M, Tilp M, Donti O, Behm DG. Foam rolling training effects on range of motion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sport Med. 2022;52:2523–35. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs40279-022-01699-8.\nKonrad A, Nakamura M, Paternoster FK, Tilp M, Behm DG. A comparison of a single bout of stretching or foam rolling on range of motion in healthy adults. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022;122:1545–57. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00421-022-04927-1.\nKonrad A, Tilp M, Nakamura M. A comparison of the effects of foam rolling and stretching on physical performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol. 2021;12:720531. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffphys.2021.720531\u002Ffull.\nReiner MM, Tilp M, Guilhem G, Morales-Artacho A, Konrad A. Comparison of a single vibration foam rolling and static stretching exercise on the muscle function and mechanical properties of the hamstring muscles. J Sport Sci Med. 2022;21:287–97.\nNakamura M, Sato S, Kiyono R, Yoshida R, Yasaka K, Yahata K, et al. Comparison between foam rolling with and without vibration on passive and active plantar flexor muscle properties. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;36:3339–44.\nReiner MM, Gabriel A, Tilp M, Konrad A. The acute effects of pectoralis major foam ball rolling on shoulder extension range of motion, isometric contraction torque, and muscle stiffness. J Sport Sci Med. 2023;22:51–7.\nFaul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41:1149–60.\nde Oliveira LF, Cabral HV, Leitão BFM, da Matta TT. Both the resistance training session and the static stretching after exercise does not affect the pectoralis major stiffness of well-trained men. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24:321–4.\nLacourpaille L, Hug F, Bouillard K, Hogrel JY, Nordez A. Supersonic shear imaging provides a reliable measurement of resting muscle shear elastic modulus. Physiol Meas. 2012;33:N19-28.\nMorales-Artacho AJ, Lacourpaille L, Guilhem G. Effects of warm-up on hamstring muscles stiffness: cycling vs foam rolling. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2017;27:1959–69.\nGajdosik RL, Vander Linden DW, McNair PJ, Williams AK, Riggin TJ. Effects of an eight-week stretching program on the passive-elastic properties and function of the calf muscles of older women. Clin Biomech. 2005;20:973–83.\nCohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.\nThomas E, Bianco A, Paoli A, Palma A. The relation between stretching typology and stretching duration: the effects on range of motion. Int J Sports Med. 2018;39:243–54.\nNakamura M, Sato S, Kiyono R, Yahata K, Yoshida R, Fukaya T, et al. Comparison of the acute effects of hold-relax and static stretching among older adults. Biology (Basel). 2021;10:126.\nMcHugh MP, Tallent J, Johnson CD. The role of neural tension in stretch-induced strength loss. J Strenght Cond Res. 2013;27:1327–32.\nMcHugh MP, Nesse M. Effect of stretching on strength loss and pain after eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2008;40:566–73.\nWeir DE, Tingley J, Elder GCB. Acute passive stretching alters the mechanical properties of human plantar flexors and the optimal angle for maximal voluntary contraction. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;93:614–23. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00421-004-1265-4.\nBehm DG, Kay AD, Trajano GS, Alizadeh S, Blazevich AJ. Effects of stretching on injury risk reduction and balance. J Clin Exerc Physiol. 2021;10:106–16.\nCox VM, Williams PE, Wright H, James RS, Gillott KL, Young IS, et al. Growth induced by incremental static stretch in adult rabbit latissimus dorsi muscle. Exp Physiol. 2000;85:193–202.\nCoutinho EL, Gomes ARS, França CN, Oishi J, Salvini TF. Effect of passive stretching on the immobilized soleus muscle fiber morphology. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004;37:1853–61.\nWilliams PE, Goldspink G. Changes in sarcomere length and physiological properties in immobilized muscle. J Anat. 1978;127:459–68.\nSato S, Hiraizumi K, Kiyono R, Fukaya T, Nishishita S, Nunes JP, et al. The effects of static stretching programs on muscle strength and muscle architecture of the medial gastrocnemius. PLoS One. 2020;15. pmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7347101\u002F. Cited 23 Jun 2022.\nSimpson CL, Kim BDH, Bourcet MR, Jones GR, Jakobi JM. Stretch training induces unequal adaptation in muscle fascicles and thickness in medial and lateral gastrocnemii. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2017;27:1597–604.\nFreitas SR, Mil-Homens P. Effect of 8-week high-intensity stretching training on biceps femoris architecture. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29:1737–40.\nCools AM, Maenhout AG, Vanderstukken F, Declève P, Johansson FR, Borms D. The challenge of the sporting shoulder: from injury prevention through sport-specific rehabilitation toward return to play. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2021;64:101384.\nRosa DP, Borstad JD, Pogetti LS, Camargo PR. Effects of a stretching protocol for the pectoralis minor on muscle length, function, and scapular kinematics in individuals with and without shoulder pain. J Hand Ther. 2017;30:20–9.\nFani M, Ebrahimi S, Ghanbari A. Evaluation of scapular mobilization and comparison to pectoralis minor stretching in individuals with rounded shoulder posture: a randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24:367–72.\nLugo R, Kung P, Ma CB. Shoulder biomechanics. Eur J Radiol. 2008;68:16–24.\nBehm DG, Alizadeh S, Anvar SH, Drury B, Granacher U, Moran J. Non-local acute passive stretching effects on range of motion in healthy adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sport Med. 2021;51:945–59. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs40279-020-01422-5.\nKonrad A, Nakamura M, Warneke K, Donti O, Gabriel A. The contralateral effects of foam rolling on range of motion and muscle performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2023. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00421-023-05142-2.\nWarneke K, Keiner M, Lohmann LH, Brinkmann A, Hein A, Schiemann S, et al. Critical evaluation of commonly used methods to determine the concordance between sonography and magnetic resonance imaging: a comparative study. Front Imaging. 2022. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffimag.2022.1039721\u002Ffull.",{"EN":504},"There is evidence that high-volume static stretching training of the lower limbs can increase the range of motion (ROM) while decreasing muscles stiffness. However, to date, there is no evidence on the effects of upper limb stretching training or its effect mechanism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a comprehensive 7-week static stretching training program of the pectoralis major muscle (PMa) on glenohumeral joint ROM, muscle force, and muscle stiffness. Thirty-eight healthy, physically active participants (23 male, 15 female) were randomly assigned to either the PMa-static stretching intervention (PMa-SS) group or the control group. The PMa-SS group performed a 7-week intervention comprising three sessions a week for 15 min per session, including three static stretching exercises of the PMa for 5 min each. Before and after the intervention period, shoulder extension ROM, muscle stiffness of the PMa (pars clavicularis), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) peak torque (evaluated at both long (MVIClong) and short (MVICshort) muscle lengths) were investigated on a custom-made testing device at 45° shoulder abduction. In the PMa-SS group, the shoulder extension ROM (+ 6%; p \u003C 0.01; d = 0.92) and the MVIClong (+ 11%; p = 0.01; d = 0.76) increased. However, there were no significant changes in MVICshort or in PMa muscle stiffness in the PMa-SS group. In the control group, no changes occurred in any parameter. In addition to the increase in ROM, we also observed an improved MVIC at longer but not shorter muscle lengths. This potentially indicates an increase in fascicle length, and hence a likely increase in sarcomeres in series.",{"EN":506},"Effects of a High-Volume 7-Week Pectoralis Muscle Stretching Training on Muscle Function and Muscle Stiffness",{"VOID":508},"10.1186\u002Fs40798-023-00582-8","https:\u002F\u002Fsportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40798-023-00582-8",[511,527,542,554,566,578],{"id":512,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":513,"affiliations":514,"properties":524},"cddfec4f-f68c-410d-9ef6-3ca29ae06600",[169],[515],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":516,"properties":18},{"id":517,"createTime":518,"updateTime":518,"relativeEntities":519,"slug":520,"properties":521,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"a3e226ee-3a5b-4d80-a02b-8c230f6bb376","2024-04-11T09:46:07.769+00:00",[],"Institute-of-Human-Movement-Science-Sport-and-Health-University-of-Graz-Graz-Austria",{"title":522},{"EN":523},"Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria",{"title":525},{"VI":526},"Marina Reiner",{"id":528,"sortIndex":184,"researcher":18,"roles":529,"affiliations":530,"properties":539},"1c5621ca-b9a2-4aa8-843a-bdbf7c6f257d",[169],[531],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":532,"properties":18},{"id":533,"createTime":534,"updateTime":534,"relativeEntities":535,"slug":18,"properties":536,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"667393da-f15a-48e4-be4e-8da5a4176c42","2023-12-19T07:58:54.724+00:00",[],{"title":537},{"VI":538},"Professorship of Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany",{"title":540},{"VI":541},"Anna Gabriel",{"id":543,"sortIndex":203,"researcher":18,"roles":544,"affiliations":545,"properties":551},"0341ace4-2b7f-416f-a708-7967a8fd23a4",[169],[546],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":547,"properties":18},{"id":517,"createTime":518,"updateTime":518,"relativeEntities":548,"slug":520,"properties":549,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},[],{"title":550},{"EN":523},{"title":552},{"VI":553},"Daniel 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A case of unprovoked venous thromboembolism in a marathon athlete presenting a typical sequelae: what are the chances? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:699–705.",{"doi":960},"10.1111\u002Fsms.12262",{"id":18,"text":962,"url":18,"identifiers":963},"Aquino BC, Barone EJ. “Effort” thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian vein associated with cervical rib and oral contraceptives in a young woman athlete. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1989;2(3):208–11.",{},{"id":965,"createTime":966,"updateTime":967,"relativeEntities":968,"slug":969,"properties":970,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":967,"verifyNote":162,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":979,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":980,"publicationType":322,"publisherRelationship":1038,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1071,"publishYear":1072,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":18,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":358},"0f8f8ff6-ce0c-441c-9f2a-89f4604f6e37","2023-12-19T09:33:50.714+00:00","2025-01-20T23:42:19.014+00:00",[],"Pacing-Behaviour-Development-and-Acquisition-A-Systematic-Review",{"references":971,"abstract":973,"title":975,"doi":977},{"VOID":972},"Edwards A, Polman R. Pacing in sport and exercise: a psychophysiological perspective. New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2012.\nEnoka RM, Duchateau J. 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Relation between intellectual and metacognitive skills: age and task differences. Learn Individ Differ. 2005;15(2):159–76.\nDiamond A. Executive functions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:135–68.\nToering TT, Elferink-Gemser MT, Jordet G, Visscher C. Self-regulation and performance level of elite and non-elite youth soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(14):1509–17.\nHuijgen BCH, Leemhuis S, Kok NM, Verburgh L, Oosterlaan J, Elferink-Gemser MT, et al. Cognitive functions in elite and sub-elite youth soccer players aged 13 to 17 years. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(12):e0144580.\nToering T, Elferink-Gemser MT, Jonker L, van Heuvelen MJ, Visscher C. Measuring self-regulation in a learning context: Reliability and validity of the Self-Regulation of Learning Self-Report Scale (SRL-SRS). Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012;10(1):24–38.\nEdwards AM, McCormick A. Time perception, pacing and exercise intensity: maximal exercise distorts the perception of time. Physiol Behav. 2017;15(180):98–102.\nAlves DL, Cruz R, Bara C, Osiecki R, Lima JRP, De-Oliveira FR. Pre-planned vs executed real-time pacing strategies during 3-km race: role of rating perceived exertion. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2020;91(3):469–77.",{"EN":974},"The goal-directed decision-making process of effort distribution (i.e. pacing) allows individuals to efficiently use energy resources as well as to manage the impact of fatigue on performance during exercise. Given the shared characteristics between pacing behaviour and other skilled behaviour, it was hypothesized that pacing behaviour would adhere to the same processes associated with skill acquisition and development. PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases between January 1995 and January 2022 were searched for articles relating to the pacing behaviour of individuals (1) younger than 18 years of age, or (2) repeatedly performing the same exercise task, or (3) with different levels of experience. The search resulted in 64 articles reporting on the effect of age (n = 33), repeated task exposure (n = 29) or differing levels of experience (n = 13) on pacing behaviour. Empirical evidence identifies the development of pacing behaviour starts during childhood (~ 10 years old) and continues throughout adolescence. This development is characterized by an increasingly better fit to the task demands, encompassing the task characteristics (e.g. duration) and environment factors (e.g. opponents). Gaining task experience leads to an increased capability to attain a predetermined pace and results in pacing behaviour that better fits task demands. Similar to skilled behaviour, physical maturation and cognitive development likely drive the development of pacing behaviour. Pacing behaviour follows established processes of skill acquisition, as repeated task execution improves the match between stimuli (e.g. task demands and afferent signals) and actions (i.e. continuing, increasing or decreasing the exerted effort) with the resulting exercise task performance. Furthermore, with increased task experience attentional capacity is freed for secondary tasks (e.g. incorporating opponents) and the goal selection is changed from achieving task completion to optimizing task performance. As the development and acquisition of pacing resemble that of other skills, established concepts in the literature (e.g. intervention-induced variability and augmented feedback) could enrich pacing research and be the basis for practical applications in physical education, healthcare, and sports.",{"EN":976},"Pacing Behaviour Development and Acquisition: A Systematic Review",{"VOID":978},"10.1186\u002Fs40798-022-00540-w","https:\u002F\u002Fsportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40798-022-00540-w",[981,996,1008,1023],{"id":982,"sortIndex":203,"researcher":18,"roles":983,"affiliations":984,"properties":993},"e3ae1b76-f31f-4f36-80e1-9ea5ac457e05",[169],[985],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":986,"properties":18},{"id":987,"createTime":988,"updateTime":988,"relativeEntities":989,"slug":18,"properties":990,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"29b84a9d-c241-4b82-84a1-648ca54ad0cc","2024-01-04T08:05:28.440+00:00",[],{"title":991},{"VI":992},"Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands",{"title":994},{"VI":995},"Marije Titia Elferink-Gemser",{"id":997,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":998,"affiliations":999,"properties":1005},"033bcd2c-0609-436f-995c-798e721a6cbf",[169],[1000],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1001,"properties":18},{"id":987,"createTime":988,"updateTime":988,"relativeEntities":1002,"slug":18,"properties":1003,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},[],{"title":1004},{"VI":992},{"title":1006},{"VI":1007},"Stein Gerrit Paul Menting",{"id":1009,"sortIndex":184,"researcher":18,"roles":1010,"affiliations":1011,"properties":1020},"d65c110b-257d-4b16-abc6-348a55582353",[169],[1012],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1013,"properties":18},{"id":1014,"createTime":1015,"updateTime":1015,"relativeEntities":1016,"slug":18,"properties":1017,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"101a8432-ad2f-4ca2-9e1c-d75141a9ca8f","2023-12-19T21:35:28.473+00:00",[],{"title":1018},{"VI":1019},"School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK",{"title":1021},{"VI":1022},"Andrew Mark Edwards",{"id":1024,"sortIndex":173,"researcher":18,"roles":1025,"affiliations":1026,"properties":1035},"21eaf93f-c46c-4f74-ab8c-d90ac55048da",[169],[1027],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1028,"properties":18},{"id":1029,"createTime":1030,"updateTime":1030,"relativeEntities":1031,"slug":18,"properties":1032,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"673dd4d0-2dfc-4f61-9641-e582ddd07453","2023-12-18T02:45:25.547+00:00",[],{"title":1033},{"VI":1034},"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",{"title":1036},{"VI":1037},"Florentina Johanna Hettinga",{"url":979,"publisher":1039,"properties":1066},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1040,"slug":10,"properties":1041,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1044,"manageAffiliations":1045,"indexDatabases":1046,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1061,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"eissn":1042,"title":1043},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[],[],[1047,1054],{"id":79,"indexDatabase":1048,"url":92,"indexYears":93,"academicFieldIds":1053,"indexDatabaseRanking":97},{"id":81,"createTime":82,"updateTime":83,"relativeEntities":1049,"label":1050,"description":1051,"key":89,"publicationTags":1052,"standard":18},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":86,"VI":88},[91],[95,96],{"id":60,"indexDatabase":1055,"url":75,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1060,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":62,"createTime":63,"updateTime":64,"relativeEntities":1056,"label":1057,"description":1058,"key":71,"publicationTags":1059,"standard":18},[],{"EN":67,"VI":67},{"VI":69,"EN":70},[73,74],[77],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1062,"i10Index":108,"i10IndexLast5Year":109,"totalPublication":110,"totalPublicationByYear":1063,"totalCitation":121,"totalCitationByYear":1064,"totalCitationPerPublication":131,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1065,"hindexLast5Year":109,"hindex":109},{"2016":100,"2017":101,"2018":102,"2019":103,"2020":104,"2021":105,"2022":106,"2023":107},{"2015":112,"2016":113,"2017":114,"2018":108,"2019":115,"2020":116,"2021":117,"2022":118,"2023":119,"2024":120},{"2015":123,"2016":124,"2017":125,"2018":126,"2019":127,"2020":128,"2021":129,"2022":130},{"2015":133,"2016":134,"2017":135,"2018":136,"2019":137,"2020":138,"2021":139,"2022":140},{"volume":1067,"pages":1069},{"VOID":1068},"8",{"VOID":1070},"1-17","2022-12-09",2022,{"id":1074,"createTime":1075,"updateTime":1076,"relativeEntities":1077,"slug":1078,"properties":1079,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":1076,"verifyNote":162,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1088,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1089,"publicationType":322,"publisherRelationship":1128,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1160,"publishYear":1161,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":18,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":358},"a39172a7-60d1-4d35-a92f-1e3b2b07ec16","2023-11-24T10:57:49.649+00:00","2025-02-06T23:38:55.666+00:00",[],"Running-economy-measurement-norms-and-determining-factors",{"references":1080,"abstract":1082,"title":1084,"doi":1086},{"VOID":1081},"Conley 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Vienna: Urban & Schwartzenberg; 1984. p. 604–15.\nDaniels JT. Physiological characteristics of champion male athletes. Res Q. 1974;45(4):342–8.",{"EN":1083},"Running economy (RE) is considered an important physiological measure for endurance athletes, especially distance runners. This review considers 1) how RE is defined and measured and 2) physiological and biomechanical factors that determine or influence RE. It is difficult to accurately ascertain what is good, average, and poor RE between athletes and studies due to variation in protocols, gas-analysis systems, and data averaging techniques. However, representative RE values for different caliber of male and female runners can be identified from existing literature with mostly clear delineations in oxygen uptake across a range of speeds in moderately and highly trained and elite runners. Despite being simple to measure and acceptably reliable, it is evident that RE is a complex, multifactorial concept that reflects the integrated composite of a variety of metabolic, cardiorespiratory, biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics that are unique to the individual. Metabolic efficiency refers to the utilization of available energy to facilitate optimal performance, whereas cardiopulmonary efficiency refers to a reduced work output for the processes related to oxygen transport and utilization. Biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics refer to the interaction between the neural and musculoskeletal systems and their ability to convert power output into translocation and therefore performance. Of the numerous metabolic, cardiopulmonary, biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics contributing to RE, many of these are able to adapt through training or other interventions resulting in improved RE.",{"EN":1085},"Running economy: measurement, norms, and determining factors",{"VOID":1087},"10.1186\u002Fs40798-015-0007-y","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.sportsmedicine-open.com\u002Fcontent\u002F1\u002F1\u002F8",[1090,1105],{"id":1091,"sortIndex":184,"researcher":18,"roles":1092,"affiliations":1093,"properties":1102},"0b0f874e-ca50-40d3-8a6a-bb12abbaf358",[169],[1094],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1095,"properties":18},{"id":1096,"createTime":1097,"updateTime":1097,"relativeEntities":1098,"slug":18,"properties":1099,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"3666751c-6d74-4158-8b86-1e31f95c4179","2023-12-17T18:22:41.906+00:00",[],{"title":1100},{"VI":1101},"Sports Performance Research 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Cardiovasc Res. 2005;66(1):74–83. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.cardiores.2004.12.009 .",{"doi":1937},"10.1016\u002Fj.cardiores.2004.12.009",{"id":1939,"createTime":1940,"updateTime":1940,"relativeEntities":1941,"slug":18,"properties":1942,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1951,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1952,"publicationType":322,"publisherRelationship":2122,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":2153,"publishYear":1072,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":18,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":358},"5907a6ef-9084-4612-bef5-d441b44d60a9","2024-01-08T23:36:01.262+00:00",[],{"references":1943,"abstract":1945,"title":1947,"doi":1949},{"VOID":1944},"Bracesco N, Sanchez AG, Contreras V, Menini T, Gugliucci A. Recent advances on Ilex paraguariensis research: minireview. 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Effects of mate tea consumption on muscle strength and oxidative stress markers after eccentric exercise. Br J Nutr. 2016;115:1370–8.\nda Silva EL, Neiva TJC, Shirai M, Terao J, Abdalla DSP. Acute ingestion of yerba mate infusion (Ilex paraguariensis) inhibits plasma and lipoprotein oxidation. Food Res Int. 2008;41:973–9.\nRamel A, Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. Plasma antioxidants and lipid oxidation after submaximal resistance exercise in men. Eur J Nutr. 2004;43:2–6.\nLee DK. Alternatives to P value: confidence interval and effect size. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2016;69:555–62.",{"EN":1946},"The consumption of yerba mate (YM), a source of antioxidants, in a fasted state increases fatty acid oxidation (FATox) during low–moderate-intensity exercise and improves performance in high-intensity exercise. However, the impact of a pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) meal on YM effects during exercise is unknown.\n We investigated the effects of yerba mate drink (YMD) consumed in the fasted state (YMD-F) or after a CHO meal (YMD-CHO) on measurements of metabolism, performance, and blood oxidative stress markers in cycling exercise. In a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover design, eight trained male cyclists ingested (i) YMD-CHO, (ii) YMD-F, or (iii) control-water and CHO meal (Control-CHO). The YMD (an infusion of 5 g of ultrarefined leaves in 250 mL of water) was taken for 7 days and 40 min before exercise. CHO meal (1 g\u002Fkg body mass) was consumed 60 min before exercise. The cycling protocol included a 40-min low-intensity (~ 53% V̇O2peak) constant load test (CLT); a 20-min time trial (TT); and 4 × 10-s all-out sprints. Blood samples and respiratory gases were collected before, during, and\u002For after tests. During CLT, YMD-CHO increased FATox ~ 13% vs. YMD-F (P = 0.041) and ~ 27% vs. Control-CHO (P \u003C 0.001). During TT, YMD-CHO increased FATox ~ 160% vs. YMD-F (P \u003C 0.001) and ~ 150% vs. Control-CHO (P \u003C 0.001). Power output during TT improved ~ 3% (P = 0.022) in YMD-CHO vs. Control-CHO and was strongly correlated with changes in serum total antioxidant capacity (r = −0.87) and oxidative stress index (r = 0.76) at post-exercise in YMD-CHO. Performance in sprints was not affected by YMD. CHO intake did not negate the effect of YMD on FATox or TT performance. Instead, a synergism between the two dietary strategies may be present.\n Clinical Trial Registration NCT04642144. November 18, 2020. Retrospectively registered.",{"EN":1948},"The Impact of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Meal on the Effects of Yerba Mate Drink on Metabolism, Performance, and Antioxidant Status in Trained Male Cyclists",{"VOID":1950},"10.1186\u002Fs40798-022-00482-3","https:\u002F\u002Fsportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40798-022-00482-3",[1953,1970,1995,2012,2024,2039,2051,2063,2075,2087,2109],{"id":1954,"sortIndex":749,"researcher":18,"roles":1955,"affiliations":1956,"properties":1967},"b1c684a8-b93e-414e-b784-f20ae7fdceeb",[169],[1957],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1958,"properties":18},{"id":1959,"createTime":1960,"updateTime":1961,"relativeEntities":1962,"slug":1963,"properties":1964,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"0290cb02-cfb3-419c-8010-043e53778dd2","2023-12-22T17:16:04.691+00:00","2025-06-11T15:57:59.341+00:00",[],"Department-of-Food-Science-and-Technology-Agricultural-Sciences-Center-Federal-University-of-Santa-Catarina-Florian%C3%B3polis-Brazil",{"title":1965},{"VI":1966},"Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil",{"title":1968},{"VI":1969},"Renata D. M. C. Amboni",{"id":1971,"sortIndex":1307,"researcher":18,"roles":1972,"affiliations":1973,"properties":1992},"dbb0f94e-54f4-49a0-8ded-306089e0d7c8",[169],[1974,1984],{"id":1975,"sortIndex":184,"affiliation":1976,"properties":1983},"ead6bc26-85cb-4985-bfb1-5243b2a6fdb2",{"id":1977,"createTime":1978,"updateTime":1978,"relativeEntities":1979,"slug":18,"properties":1980,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"5d37a0b2-9497-4137-bf7c-8ebf32d69861","2024-01-08T23:36:01.311+00:00",[],{"title":1981},{"VI":1982},"Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil",{},{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1985,"properties":18},{"id":1986,"createTime":1987,"updateTime":1987,"relativeEntities":1988,"slug":18,"properties":1989,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"716b2daf-9c27-45f8-bb17-7aee0d46de9a","2024-01-08T23:36:01.334+00:00",[],{"title":1990},{"VI":1991},"Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil",{"title":1993},{"VI":1994},"Brunna C. B. Boaventura",{"id":1996,"sortIndex":47,"researcher":18,"roles":1997,"affiliations":1998,"properties":2009},"031d5335-222b-46f8-99db-6e6eaa4349f6",[169],[1999],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2000,"properties":18},{"id":2001,"createTime":2002,"updateTime":2003,"relativeEntities":2004,"slug":2005,"properties":2006,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"14d2c9af-dc6a-4701-83b7-886fe6ad3724","2024-02-05T19:07:54.686+00:00","2024-12-28T09:12:28.253+00:00",[],"Department-of-Kinesiology-McMaster-University-Hamilton-Canada",{"title":2007},{"VI":2008},"Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada",{"title":2010},{"VI":2011},"Stuart M. Phillips",{"id":2013,"sortIndex":173,"researcher":18,"roles":2014,"affiliations":2015,"properties":2021},"38f286c1-f961-4ae1-8995-a0e605fc7360",[169],[2016],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2017,"properties":18},{"id":1986,"createTime":1987,"updateTime":1987,"relativeEntities":2018,"slug":18,"properties":2019,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},[],{"title":2020},{"VI":1991},{"title":2022},{"VI":2023},"Vilma P. Panza",{"id":2025,"sortIndex":184,"researcher":18,"roles":2026,"affiliations":2027,"properties":2036},"9476a9e4-ae33-4918-b060-cce3bf5f72cd",[169],[2028],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2029,"properties":18},{"id":2030,"createTime":2031,"updateTime":2031,"relativeEntities":2032,"slug":18,"properties":2033,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},"4c5cce0b-58eb-4bba-a56d-b0a646d69c67","2024-01-08T23:36:01.388+00:00",[],{"title":2034},{"VI":2035},"Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil",{"title":2037},{"VI":2038},"Fernando K. Borszcz",{"id":2040,"sortIndex":203,"researcher":18,"roles":2041,"affiliations":2042,"properties":2048},"a6166112-c719-4b05-a412-8fdf15e86515",[169],[2043],{"id":18,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2044,"properties":18},{"id":1977,"createTime":1978,"updateTime":1978,"relativeEntities":2045,"slug":18,"properties":2046,"entityType":46,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"syncStatus":17,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19},[],{"title":2047},{"VI":1982},{"title":2049},{"VI":2050},"Laura M. 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Rev Méd Chil. 2017;145(6):765–74. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.4067\u002Fs0034-98872017000600765.\nBouchard C, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Gagnon J. The HERITAGE family study. Aims, design, and measurement protocol. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(5):721–9.\nTimmons JA, Knudsen S, Rankinen T, Koch LG, Sarzynski M, Jensen T, Keller P, Scheele C, Vollaard NBJ, Nielsen S, Åkerström T, MacDougald OA, Jansson E, Greenhaff PL, Tarnopolsky MA, van Loon LJC, Pedersen BK, Sundberg CJ, Wahlestedt C, Britton SL, Bouchard C. Using molecular classification to predict gains in maximal aerobic capacity following endurance exercise training in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(6):1487–96. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1152\u002Fjapplphysiol.01295.2009.\nMontero D, Lundby C. Refuting the myth of non-response to exercise training: “non-responders” do respond to higher dose of training. J Physiol Lond. 2017;595(11):3377–87. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1113\u002FJP273480.\nScharhag-Rosenberger F, Meyer T, Gässler N, Faude O, Kindermann W. Exercise at given percentages of VO2max: heterogeneous metabolic responses between individuals. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13(1):74–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jsams.2008.12.626.\nCondello G, Reynolds E, Foster C, de Koning JJ, Casolino E, Knutson M, et al. A simplified approach for estimating the ventilatory and respiratory compensation thresholds. J Sports Sci Med. 2014;13:309–14.\nWeatherwax RM, Ramos JS, Harris NK, Kilding AE, Dalleck LC. Changes in metabolic syndrome severity following individualized versus standardized exercise prescription: a feasibility study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(11). https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fijerph15112594.\nSkinner JS, McLellan TM, McLellan TH. The transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1980;51(1):234–48. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F02701367.1980.10609285.\nPallarés JG, Morán-Navarro R, Ortega JF, Fernández-Elías VE, Mora-Rodriguez R. Validity and reliability of ventilatory and blood lactate thresholds in well-trained cyclists. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(9):e0163389. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0163389.\nZapata-Lamana R, Henríquez-Olguín C, Burgos C, Meneses-Valdés R, Cigarroa I, Soto C, Fernández-Elías VE, García-Merino S, Ramirez-Campillo R, García-Hermoso A, Cerda-Kohler H. Effects of polarized training on cardiometabolic risk factors in young overweight and obese women: a randomized-controlled trial. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1287. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffphys.2018.01287.\nJamnick NA, Botella J, Pyne DB, Bishop DJ. Manipulating graded exercise test variables affects the validity of the lactate threshold and [Formula: see text]. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(7):e0199794. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0199794.\nQuinn TJ, Coons BA. The talk test and its relationship with the ventilatory and lactate thresholds. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(11):1175–82. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F02640414.2011.585165.\nJeanes EM, Jeans EA, Foster C, Porcari JP, Gibson M, Doberstein S. Translation of exercise testing to exercise prescription using the talk test. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(3):590–6. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1519\u002FJSC.0b013e318207ed53.\nRotstein A, Meckel Y, Inbar O. Perceived speech difficulty during exercise and its relation to exercise intensity and physiological responses. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;92:431–6.\nNuttall FQ. Body mass index. Nutr Today. 2015;50(3):117–28. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FNT.0000000000000092.\nHowley ET, Bassett DR, Welch HG. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:1292–301.\nBatterham AM, Hopkins WG. Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2006;1(1):50–7. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1123\u002Fijspp.1.1.50.\nMeckel Y, Rotstein A, Inbar O. The effects of speech production on physiologic responses during submaximal exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(8):1337–43. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002F00005768-200208000-00016.\nFoster C, Porcari JP, Ault S, Doro K, Dubiel J, Engen M, et al. Exercise prescription when there is no exercise test: the talk test. Kinesiology. 2018;50:33–48.\nDe Lucca L, Freccia GW, Silva AEL e, de Oliveira FR. Talk test as method to control exercise intensity. Rev Bras Cineantropometria Desempenho Humano. 2012;14:114–24.\nLakens D. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front Psychol. 2013;4 [cited 2019 Feb 9]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3840331\u002F.\nMacpherson TW, McLaren SJ, Gregson W, Lolli L, Drust B, Weston M. Using differential ratings of perceived exertion to assess agreement between coach and player perceptions of soccer training intensity: an exploratory investigation. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(24):2783–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F02640414.2019.1653423 Routledge.\nPeterson K, Caldwell A. mbir: magnitude-based inferences. J Open Source Softw. 2019;4:746.\nRecalde JP, T P, Foster, Carl, Skemp-Arlt, M K, et al. The talk test as a simple marker of ventilatory threshold. S Afr J Sports Med. 2002;2002:5–8 South African Sports Medicine Association.\nPersinger R, Foster C, Gibson M, Fater DCW, Porcari JP. Consistency of the talk test for exercise prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(9):1632–6.\nZanettini R, Centeleghe P, Franzelli C, Mori I, Benna S, Penati C, Sorlini N. Validity of the talk test for exercise prescription after myocardial revascularization. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013;20(2):376–82. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F2047487312438982.\nReed JL, Pipe AL. The talk test: a useful tool for prescribing and monitoring exercise intensity. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2014;29(5):475–80. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FHCO.0000000000000097.\nLiu J, Tang W, Chen G, Lu Y, Feng C, Tu XM. Correlation and agreement: overview and clarification of competing concepts and measures. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2016;28:115–20.\nWatson PF, Petrie A. Method agreement analysis: a review of correct methodology. Theriogenology. 2010;73(9):1167–79. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.theriogenology.2010.01.003.\nRodríguez-Marroyo JA, Villa JG, García-López J, Foster C. Relationship between the talk test and ventilatory thresholds in well-trained cyclists. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(7):1942–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1519\u002FJSC.0b013e3182736af3.\nBorg GA. Perceived exertion: a note on “history” and methods. Med Sci Sports. 1973;5(2):90–3.\nBorg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14:377–81.\nGillespie BD, McCormick JJ, Mermier CM, Gibson AL. Talk test as a practical method to estimate exercise intensity in highly trained competitive male cyclists. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(4):894–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1519\u002FJSC.0000000000000711.",{"EN":2164,"VI":2165},"To validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight\u002Fobese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones. We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight\u002Fobesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT, each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes,” “I don’t know,” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual analog scale (VAS)). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement. There was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 2–3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference − 1.3 W, 90% confidence limit (CL) (− 8.2; 5.6), percent chances for higher\u002Fsimilar\u002Flower values of 0.7\u002F99.1\u002F0.2%). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6–7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90% CL (2.8; 19.2), percent chances for higher\u002Fsimilar\u002Flower values of 0.0\u002F97.6\u002F2.4%). ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.","Để xác thực bài kiểm tra nói truyền thống (TTT) và một bài kiểm tra nói thay thế (ATT; sử dụng thang đánh giá tương tự hình ảnh) ở bệnh nhân thừa cân\u002Fbéo phì (OW-OB) và thiết lập độ chính xác của nó trong việc xác định các khu vực tập luyện aerobic. Chúng tôi đã tuyển chọn 19 đối tượng có độ tuổi trung bình 34.9 ± 6.7 năm, được chẩn đoán là thừa cân\u002Fbéo phì (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Mỗi đối tượng đã thực hiện các bài kiểm tra cycloergometric gia tăng để đo tiêu thụ oxy tối đa, và TTT theo thứ tự ngẫu nhiên. Vào cuối mỗi giai đoạn trong TTT, mỗi đối tượng đã đọc to một đoạn văn 40 từ và sau đó phải xác định mức độ thoải mái khi nói trong hai hình thức: TTT mà trong đó đối tượng trả lời “Có,” “Tôi không biết,” hoặc “Không” với câu hỏi “Có thoải mái không khi nói?,” hoặc ATT thông qua thang cảm nhận số từ 1 đến 10 (thang đánh giá tương tự hình ảnh (VAS)). Độ lớn của sự khác biệt đã được giải thích so với sự thay đổi có giá trị nhỏ nhất và được sử dụng để xác định sự đồng ý. Có sự đồng ý giữa công suất đầu ra tại VAS 2–3 của ATT và công suất đầu ra tại ngưỡng thông khí 1 (VT1) (cực kỳ có thể tương đương; chênh lệch trung bình − 1.3 W, giới hạn niềm tin 90% (CL) (− 8.2; 5.6), tỷ lệ phần trăm cơ hội cho các giá trị cao hơn\u002Ftương tự\u002Fthấp hơn của 0.7\u002F99.1\u002F0.2%). Ngoài ra, còn có sự đồng ý giữa công suất đầu ra tại VAS 6–7 của ATT và công suất đầu ra tại ngưỡng thông khí 2 (VT2) (cực kỳ có thể tương đương; chênh lệch trung bình 11.1 W, CL 90% (2.8; 19.2), tỷ lệ phần trăm cơ hội cho các giá trị cao hơn\u002Ftương tự\u002Fthấp hơn của 0.0\u002F97.6\u002F2.4%). ATT là một công cụ để xác định cường độ tập luyện và để thiết lập các khu vực tập luyện aerobic cho việc kê toa tập luyện ở bệnh nhân OW-OB.",{"EN":2167,"VI":2168},"Modified Talk Test: a Randomized Cross-over Trial Investigating the Comparative Utility of Two “Talk Tests” for Determining Aerobic Training Zones in Overweight and Obese Patients","Bài kiểm tra Nói Bị Biến Đổi: Một Thí Nghiệm Chéo Ngẫu Nhiên Nghiên Cứu Tính Hữu Ích So Sánh Của Hai “Bài Kiểm Tra Nói” Để Xác Định Khu Vực Tập Luyện Động Lực Aerobic ở Bệnh Nhân Thừa Cân và Béo Phì",{"VOID":2170},"10.1186\u002Fs40798-021-00315-9",{"VI":2172},"béo phì, thừa cân, bài kiểm tra nói, TTT, ATT, khu vực tập luyện aerobic, công suất đầu ra, ngưỡng thông 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               \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>In a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design, eight men with type 1 diabetes (T1D; mean ± SD age, 27.6 ± 11.4 years) reduced insulin (INS) by 50% of their normal dose or consumed carbohydrates equivalent to 1 g of carbohydrate per kilogramme of their body weight without the usual insulin bolus (CARBS) over two sessions, held a week apart. Each session included standardised meals, a 45-min treadmill walk at 7.24 km h\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> and a 6-min walk test (6MWT). Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood glucose, ketone and lactate measures were taken before, during and immediately after the aerobic exercise. The distance covered in metres and the predicted VO\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> max (mL kg\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> min\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>) were also calculated for the 6MWT.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Participants completing the INS intervention spent more time in normoglycaemia (242 ± 135 min vs 88 ± 132 min; \u003Cjats:italic>P\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.01) and less time in hyperglycaemia (41 ± 95 min vs 154 ± 125 min; \u003Cjats:italic>P\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> = 0.01) as compared to the CARBS intervention. Mild hypoglycaemia occurred in two participants during INS and no participants during CARBS. Furthermore, there was no significant difference for blood lactate, ketone, RPE, distance covered and predicted VO\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> max between interventions.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Conclusion\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Based on this pilot study, INS intervention appears to be the best approach for maintaining blood glucose levels in those with T1D during aerobic exercise, though this does need evaluation in other groups, including women, children and those with suboptimal glycaemic control.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Trial Registration\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, \u003Cjats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fanzctr.org.au\u002FTrial\u002FRegistration\u002FTrialReview.aspx?id=378264\">ACTRN12619001397101p\u003C\u002Fjats:ext-link>. Registered 09 September 2019.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2315},"Comparing Two Treatment Approaches for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes During Aerobic Exercise: a Randomised, Crossover 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BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2018;6(1):e000578. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmjdrc-2018-000578.",{"doi":2442},"10.1136\u002Fbmjdrc-2018-000578",{"id":18,"text":2444,"url":18,"identifiers":2445},"Codella R, Terruzzi I, Luzi L. Why should people with type 1 diabetes exercise regularly? Acta Diabetol. 2017;54(7):615–30. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00592-017-0978-x.",{"doi":2446},"10.1007\u002Fs00592-017-0978-x",{"id":18,"text":2448,"url":18,"identifiers":2449},"García-García F, Kumareswaran K, Hovorka R, Hernando M. Quantifying the acute changes in glucose with exercise in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015;45(4):587–99. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs40279-015-0302-2.",{"doi":2450},"10.1007\u002Fs40279-015-0302-2",{"id":18,"text":2452,"url":18,"identifiers":2453},"Samsum Diabetes Research Institute. ExCarbs. 2018. Available from https:\u002F\u002Fexcarbs.sansum.org\u002F. Accessed May 2020.",{},{"id":18,"text":2455,"url":18,"identifiers":2456},"Gallen IW, Smart CE, Taplin CE, Adolfsson P, Lumb AN, Kowalski A, et al. Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(5):377–90.",{"doi":2457},"10.1016\u002FS2213-8587(17)30014-1",{"id":18,"text":2459,"url":18,"identifiers":2460},"Zaharieva D, Yavelberg L, Jamnik V, Cinar A, Turksoy K, Riddell MC. The effects of basal insulin suspension at the start of exercise on blood glucose levels during continuous versus circuit-based exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19(6):370–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1089\u002Fdia.2017.0010.",{"doi":2461},"10.1089\u002Fdia.2017.0010",{"id":18,"text":2463,"url":18,"identifiers":2464},"Riddell MC, Scott SN, Fournier PA, Colberg SR, Gallen IW, Moser O, et al. The competitive athlete with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2020;63(8):1475–90. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00125-020-05183-8.",{"doi":2465},"10.1007\u002Fs00125-020-05183-8",{"id":18,"text":2467,"url":18,"identifiers":2468},"Grimm J, Ybarra J, Berné C, Muchnick S, Golay A. A new table for prevention of hypoglycaemia during physical activity in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab J. 2004;30(5):465–70. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002FS1262-3636(07)70144-1.",{"doi":2469},"10.1016\u002FS1262-3636(07)70144-1",{"id":18,"text":2471,"url":18,"identifiers":2472},"Moser O, Mueller A, Eckstein ML, Ziko H, Aberer F, Treiber G, et al. Improved glycaemic variability and basal insulin dose reduction during a running competition in recreationally active adults with type 1 diabetes—a single-centre, prospective, controlled observational study. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0239091. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0239091.",{"doi":2473},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0239091",{"id":18,"text":2475,"url":18,"identifiers":2476},"Zaharieva DP, Riddell MC, Henske J. The accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring and flash glucose monitoring during aerobic exercise in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2019;13(1):140–1. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F1932296818804550.",{"doi":2477},"10.1177\u002F1932296818804550",{"id":18,"text":2479,"url":18,"identifiers":2480},"Dubé MC, Prud’homme D, Lemieux S, Lavoie C, Weisnagel SJ. Relation between energy intake and glycemic control in physically active young adults with type 1 diabetes. J Sci Med Sport. 2014;17(1):47–50. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jsams.2013.01.009.",{"doi":2481},"10.1016\u002Fj.jsams.2013.01.009",{"id":18,"text":2483,"url":18,"identifiers":2484},"Lee IM, Paffenbarger RS. 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