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Br J Gen Pract 52(483):796–798",{},false,{"id":482,"createTime":483,"updateTime":484,"relativeEntities":485,"slug":486,"properties":487,"entityType":295,"verifyStatus":296,"verifyTime":498,"verifyNote":298,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":499,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":500,"publicationType":384,"publisherRelationship":556,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":603,"publishDate":606,"publishYear":604,"citationAnalyzeStatus":607,"lastCitationAnalyze":608,"indexDatabases":609,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":480},"6868b2ee-e342-4515-8135-8f9138a3b4c1","2023-12-03T14:34:16.230+00:00","2026-08-19T21:13:17.840+00:00",[],"A-novel-technique-for-repair-of-iatrogenic-tracheal-tear-complicating-three-stage-oesophagectomy",{"abstract":488,"title":490,"gsPaper":492,"references":494,"doi":496},{"EN":489},"We report a rare case of iatrogenic tracheal tear during a three-stage oesophagectomy in a 76-year-old woman and review current literature. The tear occurred due to trauma from a double lumen endotracheal tube. We used a novel technique of repairing the tear, which extended to the carina, avoiding a second thoracotomy or full sternotomy by using the laparoscopic suturing instruments.",{"EN":491},"A novel technique for repair of iatrogenic tracheal tear complicating three-stage oesophagectomy",{"VOID":493},"[\"16619126154712597292\"]",{"VOID":495},"Lampl L (2004) Tracheobronchial injuries. Conservative treatment. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 3(2):401–405\nKaloud H, Smolle-Juettner FM, Prause G, List WF (1997) Iatrogenic ruptures of the tracheobronchial tree. Chest 112:774–778\nBorasio P, Ardissone F, Chiampo G (1997) Post-intubation tracheal rupture. A report on ten cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 12(1):98–100\nChen EH, Logman ZM, Glass PS, Bilfinger TV (2001) A case of tracheal injury after emergent endotracheal intubation: a review of the literature and causalities. Anesth Analg 93:1270–1271\nWalles T, Friedel G, Stöltzing H, Thon KP (2007) Case studies of iatrogenic tracheal injury during intraoperative ventral positioning. Symptoms, diagnostics, and differential therapy. Chirurg 78(4):374–378\nMoschini V, Losappio S, Dabrowska D, Iorno V (2006) Tracheal rupture after tracheal intubation: effectiveness of conservative treatment. Minerva Anestesiol 72(12):1007–1012\nLeinung S, Möbius C, Hofmann H, Ott R, Rüffert H, Schuster E, Eichfeld U (2006) Iatrogenic tracheobronchial ruptures––treatment and outcomes. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 5:303–306\nGabor S, Renner H, Pinter H, Sankin O, Maier A, Tomaselli F, Smolle Jüttner FM (2001) Indications for surgery in tracheobronchial ruptures. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 20(2):399–404\nMussi A, Ambrogi MC, Ribechini A, Lucchi M, Menoni F, Angeletti CA (2001) Acute major airway injuries: clinical features and management. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 20(1):46–51\nNg T, Maziak DE, Harper JG, Shamji FM (2002) Anterior approach for repair of an extensive iatrogenic tracheal tear. Can J Surg 45(3):210–212",{"VOID":497},"10.1007\u002Fs11845-008-0169-4","2024-06-24T05:36:40.534+00:00","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11845-008-0169-4",[501,517,530,543],{"id":502,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":503,"affiliations":505,"properties":514},"167a1f59-de5b-4d94-b9b8-0b888e8dce96",[504],"AUTHOR",[506],{"id":507,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":508,"properties":18},"ef32e791-8fcc-4172-9e03-9ab545d76b6b",{"id":507,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":509,"slug":18,"properties":510,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":513,"statistic":18},[],{"title":511},{"VI":512},"Department of Surgery, Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland",[],{"title":515},{"VI":516},"T. J. Harney",{"id":518,"sortIndex":169,"researcher":18,"roles":519,"affiliations":520,"properties":527},"321dd6d9-2e83-49b2-ac0d-16e0537d0d38",[504],[521],{"id":507,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":522,"properties":18},{"id":507,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":523,"slug":18,"properties":524,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":526,"statistic":18},[],{"title":525},{"VI":512},[],{"title":528},{"VI":529},"E. T. 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smoking is defined as any smoking occurring on a less than daily basis. Social smoking, i.e. smoking primarily in social contexts, is a sub-group of occasional smoking. Data on occasional cigarette smoking and the subset of social smoking among third level students are limited. (1) To determine prevalence of occasional\u002Fsocial smoking among third level students in an Irish university; (2) to evaluate students’ attitudes to occasional\u002Fsocial smoking, including perceived benefits and harm; (3) to explore when students commenced occasional\u002Fsocial smoking, their reasons and continued smoking habits; and (4) to determine any influence of other factors, e.g. alcohol consumption, on occasional\u002Fsocial smoking. An anonymous online survey was distributed to undergraduates and postgraduates, using SurveyMonkey. Data were analysed in Microsoft Excel. Of 18,407 students surveyed, 1310 (7.1%) responded;1267 (96.7%) provided adequate data for analysis. Of the 1267 students, 423 (33.4%) self-reported as current smokers of whom 106\u002F1267 (8.4%) self-classified as daily smokers and 317\u002F1267 (25%) as occasional smokers. The 25% of occasional smokers comprised 266\u002F1267 (21%) social smokers and 51\u002F1267 (4%) non-social smokers. Occasional smokers tended to start smoking earlier and think less about quitting than daily smokers. Of 423 current smokers, 386 (97.2%) reported that alcohol increased their smoking habits. Prevalence of self-reported occasional smoking among university students was higher than daily smoking. Most occasional smokers primarily smoked in social contexts. All current smokers reported that alcohol increased cigarette intake. Effective intervention campaigns tailored to determinants of occasional\u002Fsocial smoking are needed as part of induction to third level.",{"EN":620},"Not really a smoker? A study on the prevalence of and attitudes to occasional social smoking in a third level institution in Ireland",{"VOID":622},"[\"3473591814400033741\"]",{"VOID":624},"Health Service Executive. Smoking the FACTS. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hse.ie\u002Feng\u002Fabout\u002Fwho\u002Ftobaccocontrol\u002Fkf\u002F. Accessed 12\u002F03\u002F2019\nDepartment of Health (2017) Healthy Ireland Survey 2017: summary of findings. Department of Health, Dublin\nDepartment of Health (2013) Tobacco Free Ireland. Tobacco Policy Review Group. Department of Health, Dublin\nTrinity College Dublin (2019) Tobacco Free Trinity. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tcd.ie\u002Fcollegehealth\u002Fpromotion\u002Fsmoking\u002FTobacco%20Policy.php. Accessed 05\u002F02\u002F2019\nMcKee G, Barry J, Mullin M et al (2017) Predictors of daily and occasional smoking and quitting in Irish university students. Health 9(3):435–450\nRoyal College of Physicians of Ireland (2018) Occasional smoking and its associated health risks. Policy Group on Tobacco, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin\nWeinstein ND, Marcus SE, Moser RP (2005) Smokers’ unrealistic optimism about their risk. Tob Control 14(1):55–59. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Ftc.2004.008375\nLøchen ML, Gram IT, Mannsverk J et al (2017) Association of occasional smoking with total mortality in the population-based Tromsø study, 2001-2015. BMJ Open 7(12):e019107. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmjopen-2017-019107\nU.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) The health consequences of smoking-50 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health., Atlanta, GA\nJackson KM, Colby SM, Sher KJ (2010) Daily patterns of conjoint smoking and drinking in college student smokers. Psychol Addict Behav 24(3):424–435. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002Fa0019793\nBerg CJ, Ling PM, Hayes RB et al (2012) Smoking frequency among current college student smokers: distinguishing characteristics and factors related to readiness to quit smoking. Health Educ Res 27(1):141–150. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fher\u002Fcyr106\nMoran S, Wechsler H, Rigotti NA (2004) Social smoking among US college students. Pediatrics 114(4):1028–1034. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1542\u002Fpeds.2003-0558-L\nRobertson L, Iosua E, McGee R, Hancox RJ (2016) Nondaily, low-rate daily, and high-rate daily smoking in young adults: a 17-year follow-up. Nicotine Tob Res 18(5):943–949. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fntr\u002Fntv167\nBaska T, Straka S, Mad’ar R (2000) Smoking habits in university students in Slovakia. Cent Eur J Public Health 8(4):245–248\nColder CR, Flay BR, Segawa E, Hedeker D (2008) Trajectories of smoking among freshmen college students with prior smoking history and risk for future smoking: data from the University Project Tobacco Etiology Research Network (UpTERN) study. Addiction 103(9):1534–1543. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1360-0443.2008.02280.x\nHaas SA, Schaefer DR (2014) With a little help from my friends? Asymmetrical social influence on adolescent smoking initiation and cessation. J Health Soc Behav 55(2):126–143. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0022146514532817\nOtsuki M, Tinsley BJ, Chao RK, Unger JB (2008) An ecological perspective on smoking among Asian American college students: the roles of social smoking and smoking motives. Psychol Addict Behav 22(4):514–523. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002Fa0012964\nEvans NJ, Gilpin E, Pierce JP et al (1992) Occasional smoking among adults: evidence from the California Tobacco Survey. Tob Control 1(3):169–175\nPiasecki TM, McCarthy DE, Fiore MC, Baker TB (2008) Alcohol consumption, smoking urge, and the reinforcing effects of cigarettes: an ecological study. Psychol Addict Behav 22(2):230–239. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002F0893-164x.22.2.230\nMcKee SA, Hinson R, Rounsaville D, Petrelli P (2004) Survey of subjective effects of smoking while drinking among college students. Nicotine Tob Res 6(1):111–117. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F14622200310001656939\nKing AC, Epstein AM (2005) Alcohol dose-dependent increases in smoking urge in light smokers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29(4):547–552. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002F01.alc.0000158839.65251.fe\nHarrison ELR, Hinson RE, McKee SA (2009) Experimenting and daily smokers: episodic patterns of alcohol and cigarette use. Addict Behav 34(5):484–486. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.addbeh.2008.12.013\nHarrison ELR, Desai RA, McKee SA (2008) Nondaily smoking and alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol diagnoses among young adults: findings from the NESARC. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(12):2081–2087. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1530-0277.2008.00796.x\nHackshaw A, Morris JK, Boniface S et al (2018) Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports. BMJ 360:j5855. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmj.j5855\nRigotti NA, Lee JE, Wechsler H (2000) US college students’ use of tobacco products: results of a national survey. JAMA 284(6):699–705. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1001\u002Fjama.284.6.699\nSutfin EL, McCoy TP, Berg CJ et al (2012) Tobacco use by college students: a comparison of daily and nondaily smokers. Am J Health Behav 36(2):218–229. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5993\u002FAJHB.36.2.7\nD’Abundo MI, Marinaro LM, Fiala KA (2009) An online survey of cigarette use in college students: using demographic information to influence health education, prevention and intervention efforts. ICHPER-SD J Res 4(2):6–9\nUniversity College London (UCL) (2013) Why young people might not heed your warnings. UCL News. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ucl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002F2013\u002Fsep\u002Fwhy-young-people-might-not-heed-your-warnings. Accessed 20\u002F03\u002F2019",{"VOID":626},"10.1007\u002Fs11845-020-02439-5","2024-06-26T19:30:49.017+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11845-020-02439-5",[630,645,658,671,688,703],{"id":631,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":632,"affiliations":633,"properties":642},"99eeb781-8f2b-4c69-8f83-96163bccec7f",[504],[634],{"id":635,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":636,"properties":18},"167b83ec-ade8-458e-a7a8-f19f844942ce",{"id":635,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":637,"slug":18,"properties":638,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":641,"statistic":18},[],{"title":639},{"EN":640},"School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland",[],{"title":643},{"VI":644},"Seán R. 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JAMA 1977: 237 : 2819–22.",{"doi":1416},{"id":1412,"text":1457,"url":1414,"identifiers":1458},"Swindell, P. J., Reeves, D.S. Bullock, D.W., Davies, A. J. et al. Audits of antibiotic prescribing in a Bristol hospital. B. M. J. 1983: 286: 118–21.",{"doi":1416},{"id":1460,"text":1461,"url":1462,"identifiers":1463},"0443ca27-d66b-4ef7-bb8f-40211f019bfb","Gaffney. P.R. Wound infections in appendicitis: effective prophylaxis. World J. Surg. 1984 : 8 : 287–92.","https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1007\u002FBF01655054",{"doi":1464},"10.1007\u002FBF01655054",{"id":18,"text":1466,"url":18,"identifiers":1467},"Alexander, J. W., Altemeier W. A. Surg. Gynae. Obstet. 1965; 120: 243.",{},{"id":1469,"createTime":1470,"updateTime":1471,"relativeEntities":1472,"slug":1473,"properties":1474,"entityType":295,"verifyStatus":296,"verifyTime":1483,"verifyNote":298,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1484,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1485,"publicationType":384,"publisherRelationship":1518,"citationCount":167,"citationInfo":1565,"publishDate":1568,"publishYear":1566,"citationAnalyzeStatus":869,"lastCitationAnalyze":1569,"indexDatabases":1570,"openAccess":18,"references":1571,"isForceReanalyzing":480},"aa421538-977a-49ff-801c-3d35e0c97b29","2024-02-20T04:43:01.008+00:00","2026-07-27T04:22:43.970+00:00",[],"Variations-in-biochemical-values-for-common-laboratory-tests-a-comparison-among-multi-ethnic-Israeli-women-cohort",{"abstract":1475,"title":1477,"gsPaper":1479,"doi":1481},{"EN":1476},"Biochemical laboratory values are an essential tool in medical diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up; however, they are known to vary between populations. Establishment of ethnicity-adjusted reference values is recommended by health organizations. To investigate the ethnicity element in biochemical lab values studying women of different ethnic groups. Biochemical lab values (n = 27) of 503 adult Israeli women of three ethnicities (Jewish Ashkenazi, Jewish Sephardic, and Bedouin Arab) attending a single medical center were analyzed. Biochemical data were extracted from medical center records. Ethnic differences of laboratory biochemicals were studied using ANCOVA to analyze the center of the distribution as well as quartile regression analysis to analyze the upper and lower limits, both done with an adjustment for age. Significant ethnic differences were found in almost half (n = 12) of the biochemical laboratory tests. Ashkenazi Jews exhibited significantly higher mean values compared to Bedouins in most of the biochemical tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, cholesterol, cholesterol LDL and HDL, cholesterol LDL calc., folic acid, globulin, and iron saturation, while the Bedouins exhibited the highest mean values in the creatinine and triglycerides. For most of these tests, Sephardic Jews exhibited biochemical mean levels in between the two other groups. Compared to Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardic Jews had a significant shift to lower values in cholesterol LDL. Ethnic subpopulations have distinct distributions in biochemical laboratory test values, which should be taken into consideration in medical practice enabling precision medicine.",{"EN":1478},"Variations in biochemical values for common laboratory tests: a comparison among multi-ethnic Israeli women cohort",{"VOID":1480},"[\"13851331351256296275\"]",{"VOID":1482},"10.1007\u002Fs11845-018-1825-y","2024-04-25T03:42:31.424+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11845-018-1825-y",[1486,1501],{"id":1487,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1488,"affiliations":1489,"properties":1498},"88910a9e-3851-4a4a-ab9e-d3c149888e44",[504],[1490],{"id":1491,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1492,"properties":18},"e4b6d2f4-c5eb-4ab3-82f8-ce35cec66f7f",{"id":1491,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1493,"slug":18,"properties":1494,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1497,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1495},{"VI":1496},"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel",[],{"title":1499},{"VI":1500},"Ruth Birk",{"id":1502,"sortIndex":169,"researcher":18,"roles":1503,"affiliations":1504,"properties":1513},"4afa7840-841d-4808-ae27-ebb7ad188688",[504],[1505],{"id":1506,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1507,"properties":18},"f8212de0-18ff-487a-90f0-b2e492882227",{"id":1506,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1508,"slug":18,"properties":1509,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1512,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1510},{"VI":1511},"Faculty of Health Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel",[],{"title":1514,"gsAuthor":1516},{"VI":1515},"Eliyahu M. Heifetz",{"VOID":1517},"[\"A9VsH_gAAAAJ\"]",{"url":1484,"publisher":1519,"properties":1560},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1520,"slug":10,"properties":1521,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1524,"manageAffiliations":1529,"indexDatabases":1540,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1555,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"title":1522,"eissn":1523},{"EN":13},{"VOID":15},[1525],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1526,"label":1527,"description":1528,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[1530,1535],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1531,"slug":18,"properties":1532,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1534,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1533},{"EN":33},[35],{"id":37,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1536,"slug":18,"properties":1537,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1539,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1538},{"EN":41},[35],[1541,1548],{"id":45,"indexDatabase":1542,"url":56,"indexYears":57,"academicFieldIds":1547,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1543,"label":1544,"description":1545,"key":53,"publicationTags":1546,"standard":18},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":50,"VI":52},[55],[59],{"id":61,"indexDatabase":1549,"url":74,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1554,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":63,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1550,"label":1551,"description":1552,"key":70,"publicationTags":1553,"standard":18},[],{"EN":66,"VI":66},{"EN":68,"VI":69},[72,73],[76],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1556,"i10Index":90,"i10IndexLast5Year":91,"totalPublication":92,"totalPublicationByYear":1557,"totalCitation":163,"totalCitationByYear":1558,"totalCitationPerPublication":199,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1559,"hindexLast5Year":176,"hindex":176},{"2012":79,"2013":80,"2014":81,"2015":82,"2016":83,"2017":84,"2018":85,"2019":86,"2020":83,"2021":87,"2022":88,"2023":89},{"1832":94,"1833":95,"1834":96,"1835":97,"1867":98,"1922":94,"1923":94,"1924":99,"1925":100,"1926":101,"1927":102,"1928":103,"1929":104,"1930":100,"1931":100,"1932":91,"1933":105,"1934":97,"1935":106,"1936":99,"1937":94,"1938":102,"1939":107,"1940":97,"1941":108,"1942":109,"1943":94,"1944":108,"1945":94,"1946":100,"1947":99,"1948":110,"1949":97,"1950":102,"1951":111,"1952":112,"1953":110,"1954":96,"1955":113,"1956":109,"1957":114,"1958":115,"1959":97,"1960":116,"1961":106,"1962":115,"1963":116,"1964":117,"1965":105,"1966":118,"1967":119,"1968":97,"1969":94,"1970":108,"1971":120,"1972":101,"1973":121,"1974":122,"1975":123,"1976":124,"1977":125,"1978":126,"1979":127,"1980":127,"1981":128,"1982":129,"1983":130,"1984":129,"1985":131,"1986":131,"1987":132,"1988":133,"1989":134,"1990":131,"1991":135,"1992":136,"1993":137,"1994":138,"1995":139,"1996":128,"1997":140,"1998":139,"1999":141,"2000":133,"2001":142,"2002":143,"2003":144,"2004":145,"2005":146,"2006":147,"2007":125,"2008":148,"2009":149,"2010":146,"2011":150,"2012":151,"2013":152,"2014":150,"2015":153,"2016":154,"2017":155,"2018":156,"2019":157,"2020":158,"2021":159,"2022":160,"2023":161,"2024":162},{"1922":165,"1923":166,"1925":165,"1926":94,"1927":167,"1928":168,"1929":168,"1930":165,"1931":112,"1932":105,"1933":98,"1934":169,"1935":112,"1936":169,"1937":169,"1938":170,"1939":117,"1940":166,"1941":94,"1942":168,"1943":169,"1944":99,"1945":167,"1946":169,"1947":112,"1948":105,"1949":112,"1950":151,"1951":112,"1953":170,"1954":91,"1955":125,"1956":99,"1957":117,"1958":122,"1959":91,"1960":100,"1961":99,"1962":105,"1963":171,"1964":172,"1965":119,"1966":108,"1967":108,"1968":97,"1969":172,"1970":107,"1971":119,"1972":94,"1973":101,"1974":165,"1975":173,"1976":174,"1977":175,"1978":111,"1979":95,"1980":176,"1981":177,"1982":173,"1983":178,"1984":97,"1985":117,"1986":153,"1987":103,"1988":141,"1989":166,"1990":104,"1991":178,"1992":139,"1993":179,"1994":180,"1995":181,"1996":182,"1997":171,"1998":144,"1999":154,"2000":128,"2001":162,"2002":105,"2003":128,"2004":183,"2005":184,"2006":130,"2007":185,"2008":186,"2009":187,"2010":188,"2011":189,"2012":190,"2013":191,"2014":155,"2015":192,"2016":136,"2017":193,"2018":194,"2019":195,"2020":131,"2021":196,"2022":197,"2023":198,"2024":166},{"1922":79,"1923":201,"1925":202,"1926":88,"1927":81,"1928":203,"1929":204,"1930":202,"1931":205,"1932":206,"1933":207,"1934":208,"1935":209,"1936":210,"1937":211,"1938":212,"1939":213,"1940":214,"1941":215,"1942":216,"1943":211,"1944":217,"1945":209,"1946":208,"1947":218,"1948":219,"1949":220,"1950":221,"1951":222,"1953":223,"1954":224,"1955":225,"1956":226,"1957":227,"1958":228,"1959":229,"1960":230,"1961":231,"1962":23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HE (1987) International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, expert panel on theory of reference values: approved recommendation (1986) on the theory of reference values. Part 1. The concept of reference values. Clin Chim Acta 165:111–118",{},{"id":1412,"text":1576,"url":1414,"identifiers":1577},"Solberg HE, Stamm D (1991) International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) recommendation: the theory of reference values. Part 4. Control of analytical variation in the production, transfer and application of reference values. The J Automatic Chem 13:231–234",{"doi":1416},{"id":18,"text":1579,"url":18,"identifiers":1580},"Solberg HE (1987) International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, expert panel on theory of reference values: approved recommendation: on the theory of reference values. Part 5. Statistical treatment of collected reference values: determination of reference limits. Clin Chimica Acta 170:S13–S32",{},{"id":18,"text":1582,"url":18,"identifiers":1583},"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). How to define and determine reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline, 2nd ed, NCCLS document C28-A2. Wayne, PA: NCCLA",{},{"id":1412,"text":1585,"url":1414,"identifiers":1586},"Groesbeck D, Kottgen A, Parekh R, Selvin E, Schwartz GJ, Coresh J, Furth S (2008) Age, gender, and race effects on cystatin C levels in US adolescents. Clin J the Am Soc of Nephro 3(6):1777–1785",{"doi":1416},{"id":1412,"text":1588,"url":1414,"identifiers":1589},"Ash KO, Clark SJ, Sandberg LB, Hunter E, Woodward SC (1983) The influences of sample distribution and age on reference intervals for adult males. Am J Clin Pathol 79(5):574–581",{"doi":1416},{"id":1412,"text":1591,"url":1414,"identifiers":1592},"Bain BJ (1996) Ethnic and sex differences in the total and differential white cell count and platelet count. J Clin Pathol 49(8):664–666",{"doi":1416},{"id":1412,"text":1594,"url":1414,"identifiers":1595},"Koram K, Addae M, Ocran J, Adu-Amankwah S, Rogers W, Nkrumah F (2007) Population based reference intervals for common blood haematological and biochemical parameters in the akuapem north district. Ghana Med J 41:160–166",{"doi":1416},{"id":18,"text":1597,"url":1598,"identifiers":1599},"Karita E, Ketter N, Price MA, Kayitenkore K, Kaleebu P, Nanvubya A, Anzala O, Jaoko W, Mutua G, Ruzagira E, Mulenga J, Sanders EJ, Mwangome M, Allen S, Bwanika A, Bahemuka U, Awuondo K, Omosa G, Farah B, Amornkul P, Birungi J, Yates S, Stoll-Johnson L, Gilmour J, Stevens G, Shutes E, Manigart O, Hughes P, Dally L, Scott J, Stevens W, Fast P, Kamali A (2009) CLSI-derived hematology and biochemistry reference intervals for healthy adults in eastern and southern Africa. PLoS One 4:e4401. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0004401","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0004401",{"mag":1600,"pmc":1601,"openalex":1602,"pm":1603,"doi":1604},"2150201251","2632744","W2150201251","19197365","10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0004401",{"id":18,"text":1606,"url":1607,"identifiers":1608},"Kibaya RS, Bautista CT, Sawe FK, Shaffer DN, Sateren WB, Scott PT, Michael NL, Robb ML, Birx DL, de Souza MS (2008) Reference ranges for the clinical laboratory derived from a rural population in Kericho, Kenya. PLoS One 3:e3327. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0003327","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0003327",{"mag":1609,"pmc":1610,"openalex":1611,"pm":1612,"doi":1613},"1971011445","2553265","W1971011445","18833329","10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0003327",{"id":1412,"text":1615,"url":1414,"identifiers":1616},"Scott TG (1982) A pilot study of the reference values for the commoner haematological and biochemical parameters in Saudi nationals. J Clin Pathol 35:69–73",{"doi":1416},{"id":1412,"text":1618,"url":1414,"identifiers":1619},"Kaya H, Kiki I, Akarsu E et al (2000) Hematological values of healthy adult population living at moderate altitude (1869 m, Erzurum, Turkey). Turkish J Haematol 17:123–128",{"doi":1416},{"id":18,"text":1621,"url":18,"identifiers":1622},"Usman K, Syed ZA, Rao AA (2007) Reference range values of haematological parameters in healthy Pakistani adults. Pakistan J Physiol 3:19–22",{},{"id":18,"text":1624,"url":1625,"identifiers":1626},"Saathoff E, Schneider P, Kleinfeldt V, Geis S, Haule D, Maboko L, Samky E, Souza M, Robb M, Hoelscher M (2008) Laboratory reference values for healthy adults from southern Tanzania. Tropical Med Intern Health 13:612–625. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-3156.2008.02047.x","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-3156.2008.02047.x",{"mag":1627,"openalex":1628,"pm":1629,"doi":1630},"2111301506","W2111301506","18331386","10.1111\u002Fj.1365-3156.2008.02047.x",{"id":1412,"text":1632,"url":1414,"identifiers":1633},"Menard D, Mandeng MJ, Tothy MB et al (2003) Immunohematological reference ranges for adults from the Central African Republic. ClinVaccine Immuno 10:443–445",{"doi":1416},{"id":18,"text":1635,"url":1636,"identifiers":1637},"Wu X, Zhao M, Pan B, Zhang J, Peng M, Wang L, Hao X, Huang X, Mu R, Guo W, Qiao R, Chen W, Jiang H, Ma Y, Shang H (2015) Complete blood count reference intervals for healthy Han Chinese adults. PLoS One 10(3):e0119669. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0119669","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0119669",{"mag":1638,"pmc":1639,"openalex":1640,"pm":1641,"doi":1642},"2059811145","4358890","W2059811145","25769040","10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0119669",{"id":18,"text":1644,"url":18,"identifiers":1645},"Lim E, Miyamura J, Chen JJ (2015) Racial\u002Fethnic-specific reference intervals for common laboratory tests: a comparison among Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and White. Hawai‘I J Med Public Health 74(9):302–310",{},{"id":1647,"text":1648,"url":1649,"identifiers":1650},"2577d01a-fb90-4069-b939-3b74711f2a3e","Govindaraju DR, Annaswamy AM (2015) Application of smart infrastructure systems approach to precision medicine. App Trans Genomics 7:40–44. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.atg.2015.10.004","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS2212066115300466",{"doi":1651},"10.1016\u002Fj.atg.2015.10.004",{"id":18,"text":1653,"url":1654,"identifiers":1655},"Roque FS, Jensen PB, Schmock H, Dalgaard M, Andreatta M, Hansen T, Søeby K, Bredkjær S, Juul A, Werge T, Jensen LJ, Brunak S (2011) Using electronic patient records to discover disease correlations and stratify patient cohorts. 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Genes Immun 1:358–361. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fsj.gene.6363690","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fsj.gene.6363690",{"doi":1679},"10.1038\u002Fsj.gene.6363690",{"id":18,"text":1681,"url":1682,"identifiers":1683},"Hasin D, Aharonovich E, Liu X, Mamman Z, Matseoane K, Carr L, Li TK (2002) Alcohol and ADH2 in Israel: Ashkenazis, Sephardics, and recent Russian immigrants. Am J Psych 159(8):1432–1434. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1176\u002Fappi.ajp.159.8.1432","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1176\u002Fappi.ajp.159.8.1432",{"mag":1684,"openalex":1685,"pm":1686,"doi":1687},"2157168955","W2157168955","12153842","10.1176\u002Fappi.ajp.159.8.1432",{"id":18,"text":1689,"url":1690,"identifiers":1691},"Hutcheon JA, Chiolero A, Hanley JA (2010) Random measurement error and regression dilution bias. Br Med J 340:c2289. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmj.c2289","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmj.c2289",{"mag":1692,"openalex":1693,"pm":1694,"doi":1695},"2087403652","W2087403652","20573762","10.1136\u002Fbmj.c2289",{"id":18,"text":1697,"url":1698,"identifiers":1699},"Beyerlein A (2014) Quantile regression—opportunities and challenges from a user’s perspective. Am J Epidem 180:330–331. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Faje\u002Fkwu178","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Faje\u002Fkwu178",{"doi":1700},"10.1093\u002Faje\u002Fkwu178",{"id":1412,"text":1702,"url":1414,"identifiers":1703},"Millán J, Pintó X, Muñoz A, Zúñiga M, Rubiés-Prat J, Pallardo LF, Masana L, Mangas A, Hernández-Mijares A, González-Santos P, Ascaso JF, Pedro-Botet J (2009) Lipoprotein ratios: physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention. Vascular Health Risk Management 5:757–765",{"doi":1416},{"id":18,"text":1705,"url":18,"identifiers":1706},"Pintó X, Ros E (2000) Lípidos séricos y predicción del riesgo cardiovascular: importancia de los cocientes colesterol total\u002Fcolesterol HDL y colesterol LDL\u002Fcolesterol HDL. Clinical Investion in Arteriosclerosis 12:267–284",{},{"id":18,"text":1708,"url":1709,"identifiers":1710},"Sliwa K, Lecour S, Carrington MJ et al (2012) Different lipid profiles according to ethnicity in the Heart of Soweto study cohort of de novo presentations of heart disease. Cardiovascular J Afr 23(7):389–395. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5830\u002FCVJA-2012-036","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5830\u002Fcvja-2012-036",{"mag":1711,"pmc":1712,"openalex":1713,"pm":1714,"doi":1715},"1489157973","3721871","W1489157973","22914997","10.5830\u002Fcvja-2012-036",{"id":18,"text":1717,"url":1718,"identifiers":1719},"Mashael MK, Alshaikh MA, Filippidis FT et al (2016) Women in Saudi Arabia and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review. J Environ Public Health 2016:7479357–7479315. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1155\u002F2016\u002F7479357","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1155\u002F2016\u002F7479357",{"mag":1720,"pmc":1721,"openalex":1722,"pm":1723,"doi":1724},"2525914234","5061969","W2525914234","27777590","10.1155\u002F2016\u002F7479357",{"id":1412,"text":1726,"url":1414,"identifiers":1727},"Beutler E, West C (2005) Hematologic differences between African-Americans and whites: the roles of iron deficiency and α-thalassemia on hemoglobin levels and mean corpuscular volume. Blood 106(2):740–745",{"doi":1416},{"id":18,"text":1729,"url":1730,"identifiers":1731},"Bilenko N, Fraser D, Hillel Vardy BA et al (2014) Impact of multiple micronutrient supplementation (“sprinkles”) on iron deficiency anemia in Bedouin Arab and Jewish infants. Israeli Med Ass J 16(7):434–438. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1182\u002Fblood-2005-02-0713","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F25167690",{"mag":1732,"openalex":1733,"pm":1734,"doi":1735},"2396286888","W2396286888","25167690","10.1182\u002Fblood-2005-02-0713",{"id":1412,"text":1737,"url":1414,"identifiers":1738},"Nettleton JA, Steffen LM, Mayer-Davis EJ, Jenny NS, Jiang R, Herrington DM, Jacobs DR Jr (2006) Dietary patterns are associated with biochemical markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Clin Nutr 83:1369–1379",{"doi":1416},{"id":18,"text":1740,"url":1741,"identifiers":1742},"Deshmukh-Taskar PR, O’Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Yang SJ, Liu Y, Gustat J, Berenson GS (2009) Dietary patterns associated with metabolic syndrome, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Public Health Nutr 12:2493–2503. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS1368980009991261","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002Fs1368980009991261",{"mag":1743,"pmc":1744,"openalex":1745,"pm":1746,"doi":1747},"2104409877","2792890","W2104409877","19744354","10.1017\u002Fs1368980009991261",{"id":18,"text":1749,"url":1750,"identifiers":1751},"Tucker KL (2010) Dietary patterns, approaches, and multicultural perspective. App Phys Nutr and Met 35:211–218. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1139\u002FH10-010","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1139\u002FH10-010",{"doi":1752},"10.1139\u002FH10-010",{"id":18,"text":1754,"url":1755,"identifiers":1756},"Sofianou A, Fung TT, Tucker KL (2011) Differences in diet pattern adherence by nativity and duration of US residence in the Mexican-American population. J Am Diet Ass 111:1563–1569. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jada.2011.07.005","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jada.2011.07.005",{"mag":1757,"openalex":1758,"pm":1759,"doi":1760},"2120004236","W2120004236","21963024","10.1016\u002Fj.jada.2011.07.005",{"id":1762,"text":1763,"url":1764,"identifiers":1765},"eed35672-8d61-419c-8da8-9ddabebcac85","Kerver JM, Yang EJ, Bianchi L, Song WO (2003) Dietary patterns associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in healthy US adults. Am J Clin Nutr 78:1103–1110","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0002916522034463",{"doi":1766},"10.1093\u002Fajcn\u002F78.6.1103",{"id":18,"text":1768,"url":1769,"identifiers":1770},"Abu-Saad K, Murad H, Lubin F, Freedman LS, Ziv A, Alpert G, Atamna A, Kalter-Leibovici O (2012) Jews and Arabs in the same region in Israel exhibit major differences in dietary patterns. J Nutr 142(12):2175–2181. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3945\u002Fjn.112.166611","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.3945\u002Fjn.112.166611",{"doi":1771},"10.3945\u002Fjn.112.166611",{"id":18,"text":1773,"url":1774,"identifiers":1775},"Abu-Saad K, Shahar DR, Fraser D et al (2012) Adequacy of usual dietary intake and nutritional status among pregnant women in the context of nutrition transition: the DEPOSIT Study. Br J Nutr 28 108(10):1874–1883. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS000711451100729X","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002Fs000711451100729x",{"mag":1776,"openalex":1777,"pm":1778,"doi":1779},"2166874087","W2166874087","22264559","10.1017\u002Fs000711451100729x",{"id":1781,"createTime":1782,"updateTime":1783,"relativeEntities":1784,"slug":1785,"properties":1786,"entityType":295,"verifyStatus":296,"verifyTime":1797,"verifyNote":298,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1798,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1799,"publicationType":384,"publisherRelationship":1863,"citationCount":186,"citationInfo":1910,"publishDate":1913,"publishYear":1911,"citationAnalyzeStatus":869,"lastCitationAnalyze":1914,"indexDatabases":1915,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":480},"b70e595e-db7b-4c2b-8166-1782d33db20b","2023-12-29T23:53:16.549+00:00","2026-07-26T05:14:43.204+00:00",[],"The-effect-of-fatigue-sleep-deprivation-and-onerous-working-hours-on-the-physical-and-mental-wellbeing-of-pre-registration-house-officers",{"abstract":1787,"title":1789,"gsPaper":1791,"references":1793,"doi":1795},{"EN":1788},"The potential deleterious effects of doctors’ long and arduous shifts have received relatively scant attention. This study addressed the effect of a 32 h on-call shift on 16 pre-registration medical house officers in St. James’s Hospital, Dublin. We assessed 5 psychological parameters (Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, Vigour-Activity, Fatigue-Inertia and Confusion-Bewilderment) as well as 5 simple tests of alertness and concentration both pre-and post-call. The doctors were randomly assigned to be tested either pre-or post-call. On average the doctors got 4.5 hours sleep during a 32 h shift. This long shift had an adverse effect on all the psychological parameters (p>0.05) except Depression-Dejection. The total mood disturbance score, which has been shown to correlate well with general psychological well-being, deteriorated significantly after the 32 h shift, p>0.005. Two of the simple tests of alertness and concentration (Trail-making test and Stroop Color-Word test) also showed a significant fall-off in performance with sleep deprivation, p>0.05, although the remaining tests (Delayed Story Recall, Critical Flicker Fusion and Three Minute Grammatical Reasoning Test) were not significantly impaired by the 32 h shift. This study shows that prolonged periods of duty without sleep adversely affect junior doctors, both in their psychological well-being and in their ability to carry out simple tasks.",{"EN":1790},"The effect of fatigue, sleep deprivation and onerous working hours on the physical and mental wellbeing of pre-registration house officers",{"VOID":1792},"[\"7023250277210357097\"]",{"VOID":1794},"Schweitzer, B. Stress and burnout in junior doctors. S. Afr. Med. J. 1994; 84 (6): 352–4.\nKing, M. B., Cockcroft, A., Gooch, C. Emotional distress in doctors: sources, effects and help sought. J. R. Soc. Med. 1992; 85 (10): 605–8.\nJunior doctors’ unhappy hours. Br. J. Hosp. Med. 1993; 49 (8): 589.\nGodlee, F. Juniors’ hours: is the end in sight? BMJ. 1992; 305 (6859): 937–40.\nO’Neill, E. Junior doctors’ hours. Flexible partial shifts should be made to work. BMJ. 1995; 311(7015): 1299.\nWong, C. Junior doctors’ hours. Members of junior doctors committee are in cloud cuckoo land. BMJ. 1995; 311 (7005): 632.\nWest, S., Stephenson, T. P. Junior doctors’ hours. Long hours are needed. BMJ. 1995; 311 (7012): 1093–4.\nMcCombe, A. Junior doctors’ hours. Wong was right. BMJ. 1995; 311 (7012): 1094.\nAsch, D. A., Parker, R. M. The Libby Zion case: one step forward or two steps backward? N. Engl. J. Med. 1988; 318: 771–5.\nHoffman J. Jurors find shared blame in ’84 death. The New York Times. 7th February 1995; B1.\nOrton, D., Gruzelier, J. H. Adverse changes in mood and cognitive performance of house officers after night duty. Br. Med. J. 1989; 298: 21–3\nSamkoff, J. S., Jacques, C. H. M. A Review of Studies concerning effects of sleep deprivation and fatigue on residents’ performance. Academic Medicine. 1991; 66: 11; 687–693.\nMcNair, D. M, Lorr, M., Droppleman, L. F. Profile of Mood States. Educational and Industrial Testing Service, San Diego, California 92107. 1971.\nBaddely, A. D., Cockburn, J., Wilson, B. The Rivermead behavioural memory test, 1985. Thames Valley Test Company.\nHindmarch, I. The effects of psychoactive drugs on psychomotor integration and performance (An introduction to the Leeds Psychomotor Tester), Hoechst Meducation Service.\nParrott, A. C. Critical Flicker Fusion Thresholds and their Relationship to other Measures of Alertness. Pharmacopsychiat. 1982; 15 (Suppl. 1): 39–43.\nHindmarch, I. Psychomotor Function and Psychoactive Drugs. Br. J. Pharmac. 1980; 10: 189–209.\nStone, B. M. Pencil and paper tests - sensitivity to psychotropic drugs. Br. J. Clin. Pharmac. 1984; 18 (supplement): 15s-20s.\nDyer, F. The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual, cognitive, and response processes. Memory & Cognition. 1973; 1 (2): 106–120.\nStirling, N. Stroop Interference: an input and output phenomenon. Quarterly Journal of Exp. Psychol. 1979; 31: 121–132.\nBaddely, A. D. A 3 minute reasoning test based on grammatical transformation. Psychol. Sci. 1968; 10 (10): 341–342.\nMotulsky, H. 1995. Intuitive Biostatistics. Oxford University Press, New York.\nFerguson, C., Shandall, A., Griffith, G. Out-of-hours workload of junior and senior house surgeons in a district general hospital. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. 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