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Journal of Quantitative Criminology 25(4): 371–389.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":416,"url":383,"identifiers":417},"Chang, S. (1986) Impact of casinos on crime: The case of Biloxi, Mississippi. Journal of Criminal Justice 24(5): 431–436.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":419,"url":20,"identifiers":420},"Chatfield, C. (1989) The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction. London: Chapman and Hall.",{},{"id":20,"text":422,"url":20,"identifiers":423},"Clarke, R.V. and Weisburd, D. (1994) Diffusion of crime control benefits: Observations on the reverse of displacement. In: R.V. Clarke (ed.) Crime Prevention Studies. Vol. 2 Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 165–183.",{},{"id":381,"text":425,"url":383,"identifiers":426},"Cohen, L.E. and Felson, M. (1979) Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review 44(4): 588–608.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":428,"url":383,"identifiers":429},"Cornish, D. and Clarke, R. (1987) Understanding crime displacement: An applicaiton of rational choice theory. Criminology 25(4): 933–947.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":431,"url":383,"identifiers":432},"Cotti, C.D. and Walker, D.M. (2010) The impact of casinos on fatal alcohol-related traffic accidents in the United States. Journal of Health Economics 29(6): 788–796.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":434,"url":20,"identifiers":435},"Curran, J.J. (1995) The house never loses and Maryland cannot win: Why casino gaming is a bad idea: Joint executive-legislative task force.",{},{"id":381,"text":437,"url":383,"identifiers":438},"Degenhardt, L., Conroy, E., Gilmour, S. and Collins, L. (2005) The effect of a reduction in heroin supply in Australia upon drug distribution and acquisitive crime. British Journal of Criminology 45(1): 2–24.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":440,"url":20,"identifiers":441},"Eck, J. (1995) A general model of the geography of illicit retail marketplaces. In: D.E. Wiesburd and J.E. Eck (eds.) 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Crime and Delinquency 47(4): 610–640.",{"doi":385},{"id":558,"createTime":559,"updateTime":560,"relativeEntities":561,"slug":562,"properties":563,"entityType":181,"verifyStatus":182,"verifyTime":572,"verifyNote":184,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":573,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":574,"publicationType":203,"publisherRelationship":605,"citationCount":98,"citationInfo":656,"publishDate":660,"publishYear":657,"citationAnalyzeStatus":259,"lastCitationAnalyze":661,"indexDatabases":662,"openAccess":20,"references":663,"isForceReanalyzing":262},"ef60cf4c-d271-452c-8017-bcf4c1eb81ff","2023-12-05T17:47:00.983+00:00","2026-07-17T11:07:05.610+00:00",[],"Contributions-of-human-and-environmental-factors-to-concerns-of-personal-safety-and-crime-in-urban-parks",{"abstract":564,"title":566,"gsPaper":568,"doi":570},{"EN":565},"Human and environmental fear-evoking factors discourage park visitation and degrade recreational experience and enjoyment. Planners and managers have often ignored these critical issues. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 872 park users in eight urban parks in Hong Kong, representing different design, size, and socio-demographic and physical characteristics of the neighborhoods. Perception of personal safety and related park traits were examined. Landscape design and management were the most influential factors in inducing fearful feelings. Visitor-related concerns were more important than inherent park characteristics. The identified causative factors could contribute to crime prevention through environmental design to inventory safe and unsafe features in parks and develop targeted alternatives and solutions.",{"EN":567},"Contributions of human and environmental factors to concerns of personal safety and crime in urban parks",{"VOID":569},"[\"13189145716507632727\"]",{"VOID":571},"10.1057\u002Fs41284-020-00277-9","2024-04-28T01:59:08.424+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1057\u002Fs41284-020-00277-9",[575,590],{"id":576,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":577,"affiliations":578,"properties":587,"displayName":589,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"420354d2-cedb-4b10-b513-d623f1794535",[190],[579],{"id":580,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":581,"properties":20},"062d4a62-9c2d-4555-be48-81c232338269",{"id":580,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":582,"slug":20,"properties":583,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":586,"statistic":20},[],{"title":584},{"VI":585},"Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, China",[],{"title":588},{"VI":589},"Bonnie K. 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Health & Place 17 (2): 508–518.\nKlauser, F. (2007) Difficulties in revitalizing public space by CCTV. European Urban and Regional Studies 14 (4): 337.\nLister, S., Hadfield, P., Hobbs, D. and Winlow, S. (2002) ‘Be nice’: The training of bouncers. Criminal Justice Review, http:\u002F\u002Fwww.leeds.ac.uk\u002Flaw\u002Fccjs\u002Fhomepage.htm, accessed 11 December 2010.\nLister, S., Hobbs, D., Hall, S. and Winlow, S. (2000) Violence in the night-time economy; bouncers: The reporting, recording and prosecution of assaults. Policing and Society 10 (4): 383–402.\nLiquor Act 1992 (Qld). Parliament of Queensland, Queensland Government.\nNewton, A. (2011) The Licensing Act 2003, Five years on: Taking stock and stumbling into the future. Safer Communities 10 (1): 20–30.\nOffice of Fair Trading. (2010a) Security providers and firms. (Fingerprinting) http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fairtrading.qld.gov.au\u002Fsecurity-providers-firms.htm, accessed 12 December 2010.\nOffice of Fair Trading. (2010b) Penalties, http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fairtrading.qld.gov.au\u002Fsecurity-industry-penalties.htm, accessed 12 June 2010.\nOffice of Liquor, Gaming And Regulation (Qld). (2010) Risk-assessment management plan (RAMP), http:\u002F\u002Fwww.olgr.qld.gov.au\u002Fresources\u002Fliquordocs\u002Fdraftramp15jan09.pdf, accessed 12 June 2010.\nOffice of Liquor, Gaming And Regulation. (2011) Parliamentary inquiry into alcohol-related violence, http:\u002F\u002Fwww.olgr.qld.gov.au\u002Fstories\u002Falcoholrelatedviolence2.shtml#2, accessed 23 February 2011.\nParker, R.I. and Hagan-Burke, S. (2007) Median-based overlap analysis for single case data. Behavior Modification 31: 919–936.\nPenalties and Sentencing Act 1992 (Qld). Parliament of Queensland, Queensland Government.\nPointing, S., Hayes-Jonkers, C.S. and Clough, A.R. (unpublished) The Process Of Defining The Late Night Entertainment Precinct In Cairns, And Its Utility In Reducing Alcohol-Related Assaults Using A Community Action Methodology.\nPointing, S., Hayes-Jonkers, C.S., Stone, R., Brinn, D. and Clough, A.R. (2011) Is it worth emergency departments recording information about alcohol-related assault occurring in inner-city, late-night entertainment precincts? Emergency Medicine Australasia 23 (1): 106–107.\nPrenzler, T. and Sarre, R. (2008) Developing a risk profile and model regulatory system for the security industry. Security Journal 21 (4): 264–277.\nPrenzler, T., Sarre, R. and Earle, K. (2007\u002F8) Developments in the Australian private security industry. Flinders Journal of Law Reform 10: 403–417.\nRoberts, M. (2004) Good Practice in Managing The Evening And Late Night Economy: A Literature Review From An Environmental Perspective. London, UK: Office Of The Deputy Prime Minister.\nSecurity Providers Act 1993 (Qld). 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Crime Prevention and Community Safety 12 (11): 209–232.\nToomey, T.L., Erickson, D.J., Lenk, K.M., Kilian, G.R., Perry, C.L. and Wagenaar, A.C. (2008) A randomized trial to evaluate a management training program to prevent illegal alcohol sales. Addiction 103 (3): 405–413.\nTomsen, S. (1997) A top night: Social protest, masculinity and the culture of drinking violence. British Journal of Criminology 37 (1): 90–102.\nTourism Tropical North Queensland. (2010) Annual general meeting presentation, http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ttnq.org.au\u002FMembership\u002Fpresentations.aspx, accessed 14 December 2010.\nVan Steden, R. and Sarre, R. (2010) Research article the tragic quality of contract guards: A discussion of the reach and theory of private security in the world today. Journal of Criminal Justice Research 1 (1): 1–19.\nVictorian Police Licensing Services Division. (2007) Towards ‘Best Practice’ For Effective Management of Intoxicated Young People In Entertainment Venues. 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(2004) Business Confronts Terrorism: Risks and Responses. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":1457,"url":1458,"identifiers":1459},"American Chemistry Council. (2001a) Responsible Care Security Code of Management Practices, www.americanchemistry.com.","www.americanchemistry.com",{},{"id":20,"text":1461,"url":1458,"identifiers":1462},"American Chemistry Council. (2001b) Site Security Guidelines for the US Chemical Industry, www.americanchemistry.com.",{},{"id":20,"text":1464,"url":20,"identifiers":1465},"Bailleul, C. (2005) Training the Port Facility Security Officer, ISPS Code. Antwerp, Belgium: SGS Belgium N.V.",{},{"id":381,"text":1467,"url":383,"identifiers":1468},"CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety). (2003) Guidelines for Analyzing and Managing the Security Vulnerabilities of Fixed Chemical Sites. 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Stanford, CT: JAI Press, pp 83–117.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1819,"url":383,"identifiers":1820},"Greenberg, L. and Barling, J. (1999) Predicting Employee Aggression Against Coworkers, Subordinates and Supervisors: The Roles of Person Behaviors and Perceived Workplace Factors. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 20, No. 6, pp 897–913.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1822,"url":383,"identifiers":1823},"Greenberg, E. and Grunberg, L. (1995) Work Alienation and Problem Alcohol Behavior. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Vol. 36, No. 1, pp 83–102.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1825,"url":383,"identifiers":1826},"Grunberg, L., Moore, S. and Greenberg, E.S. (1998) Work Stress and Problem Alcohol Behavior: A Test of the Spillover Model. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 19, No. 5, pp 487–502.",{"doi":385},{"id":1828,"text":1829,"url":1830,"identifiers":1831},"28480db4-cbe8-4b39-9f54-3f730d4e5474","Hoffmann, J.P. and Miller, A.S. (1998) A Latent Variable Analysis of General Strain Theory. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp 83–110.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1023\u002FA:1023048509438",{"doi":1832},"10.1023\u002FA:1023048509438",{"id":381,"text":1834,"url":383,"identifiers":1835},"Hogan, J. and Hogan, R. (1989) How to Measure Employee Reliability. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 74, No. 2, pp 273–279.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":1837,"url":20,"identifiers":1838},"Hornady, J. (2000) Top Security Threats. Risk Management. Vol. 47, No. 6, p 10.",{},{"id":20,"text":1840,"url":1841,"identifiers":1842},"Kaufer, S. and Mattman, J.W. (2004) Workplace Violence: An Employer's Guide. [Online] Available at http:\u002F\u002Fwww.workviolence.com\u002Farticles\u002Femployers_guide.htm, August 14, 2006.","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.workviolence.com\u002Farticles\u002Femployers_guide.htm",{},{"id":381,"text":1844,"url":383,"identifiers":1845},"Kaukiainen, A., Salmivalli, C., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., Lahtinen, A., Kostamo, A. and Lagerspetz, K. (2001) Overt and Covert Aggression in Work Settings in Relation to the Subjective Well-Being of Employees. Aggressive Behavior. Vol. 27, No. 5, pp 360–371.",{"doi":385},{"id":1847,"text":1848,"url":1849,"identifiers":1850},"13a7f27c-43d9-4790-8837-cb900877f475","Kennedy, D.B., Homant, R.J. and Homant, M.R. (2004) Perception of Injustice as a Predictor of Support for Workplace Aggression. Journal of Business and Psychology. Vol. 18, No. 3, pp 323–336.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1023\u002FB:JOBU.0000016709.52870.2c",{"doi":1851},"10.1023\u002FB:JOBU.0000016709.52870.2c",{"id":20,"text":1853,"url":20,"identifiers":1854},"Leck, J.D. (2005) Violence in the Canadian Workplace. Journal of American Academy of Business. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp 308–315.",{},{"id":20,"text":1856,"url":20,"identifiers":1857},"Liberman, J. (2000) Happiness Counts. Credit Union Management. Vol. 23, No. 3, pp 68–70.",{},{"id":381,"text":1859,"url":383,"identifiers":1860},"Martinko, M.J. and Zellars, K.L. (1998) Toward a Theory of Workplace Violence and Aggression: A Cognitive Appraisal Perspective. In Griffin, R.W, O'Leary-Kelly, A. and Collins, J.M. (eds) Dysfunctional Behavior in Organizations: Violent and Deviant Behavior. Stanford, CT: JAI Press, pp 1–42.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1862,"url":383,"identifiers":1863},"Mattman, J.W. (2004) Preventing Violence in the Workplace. [Online] Available at http:\u002F\u002Fwww.workviolence.com\u002Farticles\u002Fpreventing_violence.htm, August 14, 2006.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1865,"url":383,"identifiers":1866},"Mazerolle, P. and Maahs, J. (2000) General Strain and Delinquency: An Alternative Examination of Conditioning Influences. Justice Quarterly. Vol. 17, No. 4, pp 753–778.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1868,"url":383,"identifiers":1869},"Mazerolle, P., Piquero, A. and Capowich, G.E. (2003) Examining the Links Between Strain, Situational and Dispositional Anger, and Crime. Youth and Society. Vol. 35, No. 2, pp 131–158.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":1871,"url":20,"identifiers":1872},"Merrick, B. (2000) Make Work a Safe Place. Credit Union Magazine. Vol. 66, No. 6, p 19.",{},{"id":381,"text":1874,"url":383,"identifiers":1875},"Merton, R. (1938) Social Structure and Anomie. American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 3, pp 672–682.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":1877,"url":20,"identifiers":1878},"Northwestern National Life (1993) Fear and Violence in the Workplace. Minneapolis, MN: Northwestern National Life Insurance Company.",{},{"id":20,"text":1880,"url":1881,"identifiers":1882},"Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1996) Workplace Violence, Awareness, and Prevention. Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Long Island Coalition for Workplace Violence Awareness and Prevention. U.S. Department of Labor. [Online] Available at http:\u002F\u002Fwww.osha.gov\u002Fworkplace_violence\u002FwrkplaceViolence.intro.html, September 19, 2006.","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.osha.gov\u002Fworkplace_violence\u002FwrkplaceViolence.intro.html",{},{"id":381,"text":1884,"url":383,"identifiers":1885},"Paternoster, R. and Mazerolle, P. (1994) General Strain Theory and Delinquency: A Replication and Extension. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 31, No. 3, pp 235–263.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":1887,"url":20,"identifiers":1888},"Perez McCluskey, C. (2001) Understanding Latino Delinquency: The Applicability of Strain Theory Across Ethnic Groups. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing.",{},{"id":381,"text":1890,"url":383,"identifiers":1891},"Piquero, N.L. and Sealock, M.D. (2000) Generalizing General Strain Theory: An Examination of an Offending Population. Justice Quarterly. Vol. 17, No. 3, pp 449–484.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":1893,"url":1894,"identifiers":1895},"Rugala, E.A. (2002) Emerging Trends in Employment and Labor Law. FBI Congressional Testimony before the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations. Federal Bureau of Investigation. [Online] Available http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fbi.gov\u002Fcongress\u002Fcongress02\u002Frugala092602.htm, August 30, 2006.","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fbi.gov\u002Fcongress\u002Fcongress02\u002Frugala092602.htm",{},{"id":20,"text":1897,"url":20,"identifiers":1898},"Rugala, E.A. (2004) Workplace Violence: Issues in Response. Quantico, VA: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Critical Incident Response Group, National Center for the Analysis of Violence, FBI Academy.",{},{"id":20,"text":1900,"url":20,"identifiers":1901},"Sarkis, K. (2000) Lack of Sleep Affects Job Performance. Occupational Hazards. Vol. 62, No. 5, pp 33–34.",{},{"id":381,"text":1903,"url":383,"identifiers":1904},"Schiff, L. (1997) Downsizing Workplace Stress. Business and Health. Vol. 15, No. 11, pp 45–46.",{"doi":385},{"id":20,"text":1906,"url":20,"identifiers":1907},"Tomilson, K.A. (2004) Seeking Redress for Workplace Violence: Employees Turning to OHSA Provisions to Prosecute Claims Against Employers. New York Law Journal. Vol. 231, No. 9, p 9.",{},{"id":381,"text":1909,"url":383,"identifiers":1910},"Vahtera, J., Kivimaki, M. and Pentti, J. (1997) Effect of Organizational Downsizing on Health of Employees. The Lancet. Vol. 350, pp 1124–1128.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1912,"url":383,"identifiers":1913},"Weiner, B. (1985) An Attributional Theory of Achievement Motivation and Emotion. Psychological Review. Vol. 92, No. 4, pp 548–573.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1915,"url":383,"identifiers":1916},"Weiner, B. (1986) An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.",{"doi":385},{"id":381,"text":1918,"url":383,"identifiers":1919},"Weiss, J.C., Ehrlich, H.J. and Larcom, B.E.K. (1991–1992) Ethnoviolence at Work. Journal of Intergroup Relations. Vol. 18, No. 4, pp 28–29.",{"doi":385},{"id":1921,"createTime":1922,"updateTime":1923,"relativeEntities":1924,"slug":1925,"properties":1926,"entityType":181,"verifyStatus":182,"verifyTime":1937,"verifyNote":184,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1938,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1939,"publicationType":203,"publisherRelationship":1989,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":2040,"publishYear":1720,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":2041,"indexDatabases":2042,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":262},"b7611627-b192-4243-80de-06499955cbea","2024-01-05T13:56:50.355+00:00","2026-03-30T07:18:06.160+00:00",[],"Space-Time-Dynamics-of-Insurgent-Activity-in-Iraq",{"abstract":1927,"title":1929,"gsPaper":1931,"references":1933,"doi":1935},{"EN":1928},"This paper describes analyses to determine whether there is a space-time dependency for insurgent activity. The data used for the research were 3 months of terrorist incidents attributed to the insurgency in Iraq during U.S. occupation and the methods used are based on a body of work well established using police recorded crime data. It was found that events clustered in space and time more than would be expected if the events were unrelated, suggesting communication of risk in space and time and potentially informing next event prediction. The analysis represents a first but important step and suggestions for further analysis addressing prevention or suppression of future incidents are briefly discussed.",{"EN":1930},"Space Time Dynamics of Insurgent Activity in Iraq",{"VOID":1932},"[\"16293505835802020662\"]",{"VOID":1934},"Bowers, K.J., Hirschfield, A. and Johnson, S.D. (1998) Victimisation Revisited: A Case Study of Non-Residential Repeat Burglary on Merseyside. British Journal of Criminology. Vol.38, pp 429–452.\nBowers, K.J. and Johnson, S.D. (2005) Domestic Burglary Repeats and Space-Time Clusters: The Dimensions of Risk. European Journal of Criminology. Vol.2, No. 1, pp 67–92.\nBowers, K.J., Johnson, S.D. and Pease, K. (2004) Prospective Hotspotting: The Future of Crime Mapping. British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 44, No. 5, pp 641–658.\nClarke, R.V. and Newman, G.R. (2006) Outsmarting the Terrorists. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.\nCornish, D. and Clarke, R.V. (eds) (1986) The Reasoning Criminal: Rationale Choice Perspective on Offending. New York: Springer-Verlag.\nJohnson, S.D. and Bowers, K.J. (2004a) The Burglary as Clue to the Future: The Beginnings of Prospective Hot-Spotting. European Journal of Criminology. Vol. 1, No.2, pp 237–255.\nJohnson, S.D. and Bowers, K.J. (2004b) The Stability of Space-Time Clusters of Burglary. British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 44, No. 1, pp 55–65.\nJohnson, S.D., Bowers, K. and Hirschfield, A. (1997) New Insights into the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Repeat Victimisation. The British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 37, No. 2, pp 224–244.\nJohnson, S.D., Bernasco, W., Bowers, K.J., Elffers, H., Ratcliffe, J., Rengert, G. and Townsley, M. (2007) Space-Time Patterns of Risk: A Cross National Assessment of Residential Burglary Victimization. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Vol. 23, No. 3, pp 201–219.\nO'Hanlon, M.E. and Kamp, N. (2006) Iraq Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction and Security in Post-Saddam Iraq. 14 September 2006, Brookings Institution, www.brookings.edu\u002Firaqindex, site accessed 18 September 2006.\nRatcliffe, J.H. (2000) Aoristic Analysis: The Spatial Interpretation of Unspecific Temporal Events. International Journal of Geographical Information Science. Vol. 14, No. 7, pp 669–679.\nRatcliffe, J.H. (2002) Aoristic Signatures and the Temporal Analysis of High Volume Crime Patterns. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Vol. 18, No. 1, pp 23–43.\nRatcliffe, J.H. (2004) The Hotspot Matrix: A Framework for the Spatio-Temporal Targeting of Crime Reduction. Police Practice and Research. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp 5–23.\nRatcliffe, J.H. (2005) Detecting Spatial Movement of Intra-Region Crime Patterns Over Time. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Vol. 22, No. 1, pp 103–123.\nRatcliffe, J.H. and McCullagh, M.J. (1998a) Aoristic Crime Analysis. International Journal of Geographical Information Science. Vol. 12, No. 7, pp 751–764.\nRatcliffe, J.H. and McCullagh, M.J. (1998b) Identifying Repeat Victimisation with GIS. British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 38, No. 4, pp 651–662.\nRatcliffe, J.H. and Rengert, G.F. (2008) Near-Repeat Patterns in Philadelphia Shootings. Security Journal. Vol. 21, No. 1–2, pp 58–76.\nSandler, T. and Arce, M.D.G. (2003) Terrorism & Game Theory. Simulation and Gaming. Vol. 34, No. 3, pp 319–337.\nTownsley, M., Homel, R. and Chaseling, J. (2000) Repeat Burglary Victimisation: Spatial and Temporal Patterns. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. Vol. 33, No. 1, pp 37–63.\nTownsley, M., Homel, R. and Chaseling, J. (2003) Infectious Burglaries: A Test of the Near Repeat Hypothesis. British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 43, No. 3, pp 615–633.\nTownsley, M. and Pease, K. (2002) How Efficiently Can We Target Prolific Offenders. International Journal of Police Science and Management. Vol. 4, No. 4, pp 323–331.\nWoo, G. (2007) Terrorism Risk. In Voeller, J.G. (ed.) Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security. London: Wiley.\nZipf, G.K. (1949) Human Behaviour and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley Press, Inc.",{"VOID":1936},"10.1057\u002Fpalgrave.sj.8350090","2024-05-17T04:03:57.240+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1057\u002Fpalgrave.sj.8350090",[1940,1957,1974],{"id":1941,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1942,"affiliations":1943,"properties":1952,"displayName":1954,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"4b5edfe0-15e3-4ace-aae9-1d1be5136fd7",[190],[1944],{"id":1945,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1946,"properties":20},"c4b7c74d-e306-437a-bf7c-5420436b8de3",{"id":1945,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1947,"slug":20,"properties":1948,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1951,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1949},{"VI":1950},"School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Mt. Gravatt Campus, Griffith University, Australia",[],{"title":1953,"gsAuthor":1955},{"VI":1954},"Michael Townsley",{"VOID":1956},"[\"XKv31FkAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1958,"sortIndex":146,"researcher":20,"roles":1959,"affiliations":1960,"properties":1969,"displayName":1971,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"b1fd1be2-1cd3-4382-a066-8f90732c8c8c",[190],[1961],{"id":1962,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1963,"properties":20},"eca65ece-7cd9-477c-ba4c-e499f69d6b1a",{"id":1962,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1964,"slug":20,"properties":1965,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1968,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1966},{"VI":1967},"UCL Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London, London",[],{"title":1970,"gsAuthor":1972},{"VI":1971},"Shane D Johnson",{"VOID":1973},"[\"8GeZQkgAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1975,"sortIndex":151,"researcher":20,"roles":1976,"affiliations":1977,"properties":1986,"displayName":312,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"815689e7-d55f-4e99-a79a-183b5c774a80",[190],[1978],{"id":1979,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1980,"properties":20},"5ad979eb-18fa-4be5-ad4c-57263bc40d30",{"id":1979,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1981,"slug":20,"properties":1982,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1985,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1983},{"VI":1984},"Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, 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and security on college campuses have received increasingly widespread attention in light of several recent, high-profile events. This study examines the relationship between victimization and fear of crime in a sample of college students, filling gaps in the literature by addressing key issues related to gender differences in fear. A sample of young adults was asked about prior victimization and fear of crime. Gender differences between men and women are examined in terms of relationships among four main types of personal victimization: stalking, sexual assault, family violence and intimate partner violence (IPV). Findings indicate that females are victimized more and are more fearful of crime than males. Race is also associated with fear in this sample. Furthermore, some types of crime victimization are significantly associated with fear of crime, although these associations differ from daytime to night. Implications are discussed in terms of gender, fear and crime victimization on campus.",{"EN":2053},"Gender, crime victimization and fear of crime",{"VOID":2055},"[\"17697627856803367024\"]",{"VOID":2057},"10.1057\u002Fsj.2008.13","2024-04-29T23:31:50.181+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1057\u002Fsj.2008.13",[2061,2078,2095],{"id":2062,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":2063,"affiliations":2064,"properties":2073,"displayName":2075,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"b8145a3b-b1c0-45f0-a315-d04a6a038c5f",[190],[2065],{"id":2066,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":2067,"properties":20},"ac5c3063-6493-43c5-9cc6-e0ce69cce96e",{"id":2066,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2068,"slug":20,"properties":2069,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2072,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2070},{"VI":2071},"Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, 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