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Specific Immunotherpy (hyposensitization) for IgE-mediated allergic diseases—Guideline of the German Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergologie. 2010;33(1):3–34.",{"doi":460},"10.5414\u002FALP33003",{"id":18,"text":462,"url":18,"identifiers":463},"Peter RU, Weimer M, Goertzen W, Holdt C, Schreder CH. Zeitaufwand der Hyposensibilisierungstherapie mit subkutaner und sublingualer Applikation unter Praxisbedingungen. Allergologie. 2012;35(3):5–8.",{"doi":464},"10.5414\u002FALX01497",{"id":18,"text":466,"url":18,"identifiers":467},"Mühlbacher A, Bethge S, Tockhorn A. Präferenzmessung im Gesundheitswesen: Grundlagen von Discrete-Choice-Experimenten [Measuring Preferences in Healthcare: Introduction to Discrete-Choice Experiments]. Gesundheitsökonomie & Qualitätsmanagement; Stuttgart. 2013;4:159–72.",{},{"id":18,"text":469,"url":18,"identifiers":470},"Mühlbacher AC, Bethge S, Ekert S, Tockhorn A, Nübling M. Der Wert von Innovationen im Gesundheitswesen: Spielen die Patientenpräferenzen eine Rolle. RPG. 2008;14(2):53–62.",{},{"id":18,"text":472,"url":18,"identifiers":473},"Lancaster KJ. A new approach to consumer theory. J Polit Econ. 1966;74(2):132–57.",{"doi":474},"10.1086\u002F259131",{"id":18,"text":476,"url":18,"identifiers":477},"German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). Determine patient preferences by means of Conjoint Analysis. \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iqwig.de\u002Fen\u002Fpress\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fdetermine-patient-preferences-by-means-of-conjoint-analysis.6227.html\n                    \n                  . Accessed 29 July 2014.",{},{"id":18,"text":479,"url":18,"identifiers":480},"Mcfadden D. Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior. In: Zarembka P, editor. Frontiers in Econometrics. Academic Press: New York; 1974. p. 105–42.",{},{"id":18,"text":482,"url":18,"identifiers":483},"Ben-Akiva ME, Lerman SR. Discrete choice analysis: theory and application to travel demand. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1985.",{},{"id":18,"text":485,"url":18,"identifiers":486},"de Bekker Grob EW, Ryan M, Gerard K. Discrete choice experiments in health economics: a review of the literature. Health Econ. 2010;21(2):145–72.",{"doi":487},"10.1002\u002Fhec.1697",{"id":18,"text":489,"url":18,"identifiers":490},"Clark MD, Determann D, Petrou S, Moro D, de Bekker-Grob EW. Discrete choice experiments in health economics: a review of the literature. Pharmacoeconomics. 2014;32(9):883–902.",{"doi":491},"10.1007\u002Fs40273-014-0170-x",{"id":18,"text":493,"url":18,"identifiers":494},"Louviere J, Hensher D, Swait J. Stated choice methods: analysis and applications. Cambridge Univ. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press; 2000.",{"doi":495},"10.1017\u002FCBO9780511753831",{"id":18,"text":497,"url":18,"identifiers":498},"Sondermann N, Shah-Hosseini K, Henkel K, Schwalfenberg A, Mösges R. Erfolgsfaktoren der Adherence bei Hyposensibilisierung. Allergologie. 2011;34(9):441–6.",{"doi":499},"10.5414\u002FALX01405",{"id":18,"text":501,"url":18,"identifiers":502},"Nelson H, Cartier S, Allen-Ramey F, Lawton S, Calderon MA. Network Meta-analysis Shows Commercialized Subcutaneous and Sublingual Grass Products Have Comparable Efficacy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015;3(2):256–66.",{"doi":503},"10.1016\u002Fj.jaip.2014.09.018",{"id":18,"text":505,"url":18,"identifiers":506},"Street D, Burgess L, Louviere JJ. Quick and easy choice sets: Constructing optimal and nearly optimal stated choice experiments. Int J Res Mark. 2005;22(4):459–70.",{"doi":507},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijresmar.2005.09.003",{"id":18,"text":509,"url":18,"identifiers":510},"Street DJ, Burgess L. The construction of optimal stated choice experiments, theory and methods. New Jersey: Wiley; 2007.",{"doi":511},"10.1002\u002F9780470148563",{"id":18,"text":513,"url":18,"identifiers":514},"Mühlbacher AC, Lincke HJ, Nübling M. Evaluating patients’ preferences for multiple myeloma therapy, a Discrete-Choice-Experiment. GMS Psychosoc Med. 2008;5:Doc10.",{},{"id":18,"text":516,"url":18,"identifiers":517},"Social Code Book V. \n                    http:\u002F\u002Fwww.sozialgesetzbuch-sgb.de\u002Fsgbv\u002F61.html\n                    \n                  .  Accessed 15 Aug 2014.",{},{"id":18,"text":519,"url":18,"identifiers":520},"Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung. Bildung in Deutschland 2012—Ein indikatorengestützter Bericht mit einer Analyse zur kulturellen Bildung im Lebenslauf; W. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann Verlag; 2012.",{},false,{"id":523,"createTime":524,"updateTime":525,"relativeEntities":526,"slug":527,"properties":528,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":539,"verifyNote":163,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":540,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":541,"publicationType":370,"publisherRelationship":601,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":648,"publishYear":649,"citationAnalyzeStatus":650,"lastCitationAnalyze":651,"indexDatabases":652,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":521},"9b9b50af-0ab5-4813-815f-dd6850d4a035","2024-02-09T16:20:27.314+00:00","2026-07-20T17:04:50.124+00:00",[],"The-costs-of-schizophrenia-and-predictors-of-hospitalisation-from-the-statutory-health-insurance-perspective",{"abstract":529,"title":531,"gsPaper":533,"references":535,"doi":537},{"EN":530},"The aim of the study was to determine the costs of treating schizophrenia from the perspective of the statutory health insurance, as well as the identification of predictors of hospitalisation of formerly stable schizophrenia patients. Claims data for the years 2004–2006 were analysed. Patients who did not have to be treated in a hospital as a result of an ICD diagnosis F20 both in the year 2005 as well as also in 2006 were defined as stable patients. In contrast, those patients who had to be treated in a hospital in 2006 because of a diagnosis of schizophrenia were defined as unstable. In addition to the overall healthcare costs, the costs specific to schizophrenia were also analysed. Also, based on binary logistic regression analysis, predictors for hospital treatment were determined. 8497 stable and 1449 unstable patients were identified. The schizophrenia specific costs for stable patients were € 1605 and the overall costs were € 4029 in 2006, respectively. Unstable patients had indication-specific costs amounting to € 12864 and overall health care costs of € 16824. For unstable patients, the costs of hospital treatment were identified as being a substantial cost area. Predictors for a higher probability of hospital treatment were: female patients, at least one rehabilitation measure, at least one stay in hospital in 2004, and being co-morbid with substance abuse. In contrast, older patients, who were treated with concomitant medications, and if they received a continuous drug therapy in all quarters of a year had a lower probability of hospitalisation. In addition, an increased number of visits to a doctor reduced the probability of hospitalisation. The variable ‘depot medication’ were close to significance and the variable ‘inability to work lasting more than six weeks’ had, in contrast, no significant influence. The schizophrenia specific and overall health care costs of unstable patients were clearly higher than was the case with stable patients and mainly determined by inpatient hospital treatment. A range of potential predicting factors which can be extracted from routine claims data have a positive or negative influence on the probability of treatment in hospital.",{"EN":532},"The costs of schizophrenia and predictors of hospitalisation from the statutory health insurance perspective",{"VOID":534},"[]",{"VOID":536},"Robert Koch-Institut The Federal Health Monitoring System: issue 50– schizophrenia. In Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes: Heft 50 – Schizophrenie. Berlin; 2010.\nRössler W, Salize J, Knapp M: Die Kosten der Schizophrenie (The costs of schizophrenia). Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie 1998,66(11):496–504. 10.1055\u002Fs-2007-995290\nStatistisches Bundesamt: Krankheitskostenrechnung (Cost of illness). [https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gbe-bund.de]\nVon der Schulenburg JM, Uber A, Höffler J, Trenckmann U, Kissling W, Seemann U, Müller P, Rüther E: Untersuchungen zu den direkten und indirekten Kosten der Schizophrenie (Studies on direct and indirect costs of schizophrenia). Gesundheitsökonomie & Qualitätsmanagement 1998, 3: 81–87.\nKissling W, Höffler J, Seemann U, Müller P, Rüther E, Trenckmann U, Uber A, von der Schulenburg JM, Glaser P, Glaser T, Mast O, Schmidt D: Die direkten und indirekten Kosten der Schizophrenie (Direct and indirect costs of schizophrenia). Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie 1999,67(1):29–36. 10.1055\u002Fs-2007-993735\nRoick C, Killian R, Reinhold K, Angermeyer MC: Die indirekten Kosten schizophrener Psychosen (Indirect costs of schizophrenia). Gesundheitsökonomie & Qualitätsmanagement 2001,6(2):36–43.\nKonnopka A, Klingberg S, Wittorf A, König HH: Die Kosten der Schizophrenie in Deutschland: Ein systematischer Literaturüberblick (The cost of schizophrenia in Germany: a systematic review of the literature). Psychiatrische Praxis 2009,36(5):211–218. 10.1055\u002Fs-0028-1090234\nKlosterkötter J: Indizierte Prävention schizophrener Erkrankungen (Indicated prevention of schizophrenia). Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2008,105(30):A10532.\nSalize HJ: Die Kosten der Schizophrenie – was wissen wir (nicht)? (Costs of schizophrenia – what we know (not)?). Psychiatrische Praxis 2001,28(Suppl 1):S21-S28.\nKilian R, Roick C, Angermeyer MC: Die Einflüsse des Studiendesigns und der Stichprobenauswahl auf die Berechnung psychiatrischer Versorgungskosten (The impact of the study design and the sampling procedure on the assessment of mental health services). Nervenarzt 2003,74(7):561–570. 10.1007\u002Fs00115-003-1553-y\nKilian R, Roick C, Matschinger H, Bernert S, Mory C, Angermeyer MC: Die Analyse von Kostenstrukturen im Bereich der Schizophreniebehandlung mit einem standardisierten Instrumentarium (The analysis of the cost structures of the treatment of schizophrenia by means of standardized assessment instruments). Psychiatrische Praxis 2001,28(Suppl 2):S102-S108.\nSalize HJ, Rössler W, Reinhard I: Kostenermittlung in einem fragmentierten psychiatrischen Versorgungssystem (Cost assessment in a fragmented psychiatric treatment system). Gesundheitswesen 1996, Suppl 1: 10–17.\nOsterheider M, Franken-Hiep K, Horn R: Gesamtkrankenkosten der Schizophrenie und monetäre Bewertung einer Rezidivprophylaxe am Beispiel eines Standard-Depot-Neuroleptikums (Flupentixoldecanoat) (Total illness costs of schizophrenia and monetary evaluation of prevention of recurrence exemplified by a standard depot neuroleptic (flupenthixol decanoate)). Psychiatrische Praxis 1998,25(1):38–43.\nZeidler J, Slawik L, Fleischmann J, Greiner W: Impact and costs of hospitalisation in schizophrenia [abstract]. Value in Health 2010,13(7):A449.\nRoick C, Heider D, Angermeyer MC: Entwicklung eines Screening-Instruments zur Identifikation von Patienten mit starker Inanspruchnahme stationär-psychiatrischer Versorgung (Development of a Screening Instrument for Heavy Users of Psychiatric Inpatient Services). Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie 2003,71(7):378–386.\nRoick C, Heider D, Kilian R, Matschinger H, Toumi M, Angermeyer MC: Factors contributing to frequent use of psychiatric inpatient services by schizophrenia patients. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2004,39(9):744–751. 10.1007\u002Fs00127-004-0807-8\nWeinmann S, Gaebel W: Versorgungserfordernisse bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen – wissenschaftliche Evidenz zur Integration von klinischer Psychiatrie und Gemeindepsychiatrie (Care requirements for severe mental disorders – scientific evidence for integration of clinical psychiatry and community psychiatry). Nervenarzt 2005,76(7):809–821. 10.1007\u002Fs00115-004-1851-z\nGreiner W, Schöffski O: Grundprinzipien einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsuntersuchung (Basic principles of a economic feasibility study). In In Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen. Edited by: Schöffski O, Schulenburg JM. New York: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg; 2007:167–91.\nKassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung: Gebührenordnung Einheitlicher Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM). [http:\u002F\u002Fdaris.kbv.de\u002Fdaris.asp]\nKassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung: Beschluss des erweiterten Bewertungsausschusses gemäß §87 Abs. 4 SGB V in seiner Sitzung am 23. Oktober 2008 zur Anpassung des Einheitlichen Bewertungsmaßstabs (EBM) sowie zur Neuordnung der vertragsärztlichen Vergütung im Jahr 2009. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.kbv.de\u002F8157.html]\nPrenzler A, Zeidler J, Braun S, von der Schulenburg JM: Bewertung von Ressourcen im Gesundheitswesen aus der Perspektive der deutschen Sozialversicherung (Assessment of health care resources from the viewpoint of the German social insurance system). PharmacoEconomics – German Res Art 2010,8(1):47–66.\nStargardt T, Weinbrenner S, Busse R, Juckel G, Gericke CA: Effectiveness and Cost of Atypical versus Typical Antipsychotic Treatment for Schizophrenia in Routine Care. J Mental Health Policy Econ 2008,11(2):89–97.\nDeutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde Behandlungsleitlinie Schizophrenie (Practical guidelines in psychiatry and psychotheraie – volume 1: guideline schizophrenia). In Praxisleitlinien in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie – Band 1. Darmstadt; 2006.\nDaniels BA, Kirkby KC, Hay DA, Mowry BJ, Jones IH: Predictability of rehospitalisation over 5 years for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Aust New Zealand J Psychiatry 1998, 32: 281–286. 10.3109\u002F00048679809062740\nGastal FL, Andreoli SB, Quintana MI, Almeida Gameiro M, Leite SO, McGrath J: Predicting the revolving door phenomenon among patients with schizophrenic, affective disorders and non-organic psychoses. Revista de saúde pública 2000,34(3):280–285.\nConley RR, Kelly DL, Love RC, McMahon RP: Rehospitalisation risk with second-generation and depot antipsychotics. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2003,15(1):23–31.\nLin CH, Lin SC, Chen MC, Wang SY: Comparison of time to rehospitalisation among schizophrenic patients discharged on typical antipsychotics, clozapine or risperidone. J Chin Med Assoc 2006,69(6):264–269. 10.1016\u002FS1726-4901(09)70254-0\nMiettunen J, Lauronen E, Veijola J, Koponen H, Saarento O, Isohanni M: Patterns of psychiatric hospitalisations in schizophrenic psychoses within the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Nordic J Psychiatry 2006,60(4):286–293. 10.1080\u002F08039480600790168\nLin HC, Lee HC: The association between timely outpatient visits and the likelihood of rehospitalisation for schizophrenia patients. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2008,78(4):494–497.\nCarr VJ, Johnston PJ, Lewin TJ, Rajkumar S, Carter GL, Issakidis C: Patterns of service use among persons with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Psychiatric Services 2003,54(2):226–235. 10.1176\u002Fappi.ps.54.2.226\nThompson EE, Neighbors HW, Munday C, Trierweiler S: Length of stay, referral to aftercare, and rehospitalisation among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric Services 2003,54(9):1271–1276. 10.1176\u002Fappi.ps.54.9.1271\nMorgan V, Korten A, Jablensky A: Modifiable risk factors for hospitalisation among people with psychosis: evidence from the National Study of Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders. Aust New Zealand J Psychiatry 2006, 40: 683–690. 10.1080\u002Fj.1440-1614.2006.01868.x\nLin CH, Chen WL, Lin CM, Lee MD, Ko MC, Li CY: Predictors of psychiatric readmissions in the short- and long-term: a population-based study in Taiwan. Clinics 2010,65(5):481–489.\nAscher-Svanum H, Zhu B, Faries DE, Salkever D, Slade EP, Peng X, Conley RR: The cost of relapse and the predictors of relapse in the treatment of schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2010,10(2):2–7.\nKönig HH, Friemel S: Gesundheitsökonomie psychischer Krankheiten (Health economics of psychological diseases). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2006,49(1):46–56. 10.1007\u002Fs00103-005-1195-2\nMelchinger H, Rössler W, Machleidt W: Ausgaben in der psychiatrischen Versorgung – Ist die Verteilung der Ressourcen am Bedarf orientiert? (Expenditures in psychiatric treatment – is the distribution of funds according to need?). Nervenarzt 2006,77(1):73–80. 10.1007\u002Fs00115-005-1886-9",{"VOID":538},"10.1186\u002F2191-1991-2-9","2024-06-26T06:13:19.644+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fhealtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F2191-1991-2-9",[542,558,573,586],{"id":543,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":544,"affiliations":546,"properties":555,"displayName":557,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"8a13125d-7346-4920-b980-66a2d7fe89cf",[545],"AUTHOR",[547],{"id":548,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":549,"properties":18},"5e116815-6c05-433c-9fa0-c6106ab26508",{"id":548,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":550,"slug":18,"properties":551,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":554,"statistic":18},[],{"title":552},{"VI":553},"Center for Health Economics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany",[],{"title":556},{"VI":557},"Jan Zeidler",{"id":559,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":18,"roles":560,"affiliations":561,"properties":570,"displayName":572,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"63e6a477-bb05-4752-b4ea-e9b0a4e39654",[545],[562],{"id":563,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":564,"properties":18},"0bf6dc27-ab2a-4c47-8a02-cc5847388e63",{"id":563,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":565,"slug":18,"properties":566,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":569,"statistic":18},[],{"title":567},{"VI":568},"Health Economics, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Neuss, Germany",[],{"title":571},{"VI":572},"Lara Slawik",{"id":574,"sortIndex":207,"researcher":18,"roles":575,"affiliations":576,"properties":583,"displayName":585,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"8e53797d-c893-4424-8a4f-db3a9639a37f",[545],[577],{"id":563,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":578,"properties":18},{"id":563,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":579,"slug":18,"properties":580,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":582,"statistic":18},[],{"title":581},{"VI":568},[],{"title":584},{"VI":585},"Jochen Fleischmann",{"id":587,"sortIndex":227,"researcher":18,"roles":588,"affiliations":589,"properties":598,"displayName":600,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"058d562f-fea3-4eb5-8ba1-32374adf8fd4",[545],[590],{"id":591,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":592,"properties":18},"04ca6779-3f38-464f-98bb-6e84c3d140f9",{"id":591,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":593,"slug":18,"properties":594,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":597,"statistic":18},[],{"title":595},{"VI":596},"Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany",[],{"title":599},{"VI":600},"Wolfgang Greiner",{"url":540,"publisher":602,"properties":643},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":603,"slug":10,"properties":604,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":607,"manageAffiliations":612,"indexDatabases":623,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":638,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"title":605,"eissn":606},{"EN":13},{"VOID":15},[608],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":609,"label":610,"description":611,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[613,618],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":614,"slug":18,"properties":615,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":617,"statistic":18},[],{"title":616},{"EN":33},[35],{"id":37,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":619,"slug":18,"properties":620,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":622,"statistic":18},[],{"title":621},{"EN":41},[],[624,631],{"id":45,"indexDatabase":625,"url":58,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":630,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":626,"label":627,"description":628,"key":54,"publicationTags":629,"standard":18},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":52,"VI":53},[56,57],[60,61],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":632,"url":74,"indexYears":75,"academicFieldIds":637,"indexDatabaseRanking":78},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":633,"label":634,"description":635,"key":71,"publicationTags":636,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":68,"VI":70},[73],[77],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":639,"i10Index":92,"i10IndexLast5Year":93,"totalPublication":94,"totalPublicationByYear":640,"totalCitation":109,"totalCitationByYear":641,"totalCitationPerPublication":121,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":642,"hindexLast5Year":134,"hindex":134},{"2012":81,"2013":82,"2014":83,"2015":84,"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":87,"2019":88,"2020":83,"2021":89,"2022":90,"2023":91},{"2011":96,"2012":97,"2013":98,"2014":99,"2015":100,"2016":101,"2017":102,"2018":103,"2019":104,"2020":105,"2021":102,"2022":106,"2023":107,"2024":108},{"2011":111,"2012":112,"2013":113,"2014":114,"2015":115,"2016":116,"2017":117,"2018":112,"2020":118,"2021":119,"2022":120},{"2011":123,"2012":124,"2013":125,"2014":126,"2015":127,"2016":128,"2017":129,"2018":130,"2020":131,"2021":132,"2022":133},{"pages":644,"volume":646},{"VOID":645},"1-8",{"VOID":647},"2","2012-05-04",2012,"ERROR_IN_GET_PLATFORM_ID","2026-07-20T17:04:50.123+00:00",[56,78],{"id":654,"createTime":655,"updateTime":656,"relativeEntities":657,"slug":658,"properties":659,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":672,"verifyNote":163,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":673,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":674,"publicationType":370,"publisherRelationship":692,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":734,"publishDate":737,"publishYear":735,"citationAnalyzeStatus":738,"lastCitationAnalyze":739,"indexDatabases":740,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":521},"02f1524a-e00e-4a07-8161-459cb9e09c64","2024-04-07T22:20:31.530+00:00","2026-07-19T01:14:59.830+00:00",[],"Grey-systems-in-the-management-of-demand-for-palliative-care-services-in-Poland",{"abstract":660,"title":662,"gsPaper":664,"keywords":666,"references":668,"doi":670},{"EN":661},"The concept of care for people in a critical or even terminal health condition, who are in the last stage of their life, has become the mission of palliative care facilities. Therefore, the life of a sick patient poses a number of challenges for health care services to make sure that medical services are tailored to the trajectory of the disease, as well as the various needs, preferences and resources of patients and their families. Health systems financed from public funds need to adopt new methods of management to meet the high and arising demand for a long-term care. There are several ways of assessing the demand for long-term care services. The method recommended by the author and presented in more detail in this paper is the one relying on grey systems, which enables the estimation of forecasting models and, finally, actual forecasts of the number of potential future patients. GST can be used to make predictions about the future behaviour of the system, which is why this article aims to present the possibility of using the first-order grey model GM (1,1) in predicting the number of patients of palliative care facilities in Poland. The analysis covers the data from 2014 to 2019, whereas the prediction of the number of patients has been additionally formulated for 2020. Health systems, particularly publicly funded ones, are characterised by a certain kind of incompleteness and uncertainty of data on the structure and behaviour of its individual components (e.g. potential patients or payers). The present study aims to prove how simple and effective grey systems models are in the decision-making process.",{"EN":663},"Grey systems in the management of demand for palliative care services in Poland",{"VOID":665},"[\"11812080436091010886\"]",{"EN":667},"",{"VOID":669},"Global Atlas of Palliative Care at the End of Life. In: Connor SR, Sepulveda Bermedo MC, (editors). WHO, Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance; 2014.\nElderly population. https:\u002F\u002Fdata.oecd.org\u002Fpop\u002Felderly-population.htm (22.02.2021).\nWorld Population Ageing 2017. Highlights, United Nations. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs; 2017.\nPrentice T (2006). Health, history and hard choices: Funding dilemmas in a fast-changing world. Global Health Histories, World Health Organization, Health and Philanthropy: Leveraging change, University of Indiana, August 2006.\nLife expectancyat birth. https:\u002F\u002Fdata.worldbank.org\u002Findicator\u002FSP.DYN.LE00.IN(18.08.2020).\nHowden-Chapman P, Signal L, Crane J. Housing and health in older people: ageing in place. Soc Policy J New Z January. 1999;13(13):14–30.\nJaul E, Barron J. Age-Related Diseases and Clinical and Public Health Implications for the 85 Years Old and Over Population. Front Public Health. 2017;5:335.\nSilverstein M, Giarrusso R. Aging and Family Life: A Decade Review. J Marriage Family. 2010;72(5):1039–58.\nStan obecny i przyszłość opieki długoterminowej w starzejącej się Polsce. Uwagi na potrzeby opracowania polityki dotyczącej opieki długoterminowej (The status quo and future of long-term care in ageing Poland. Notes for the development of long-term care policy). Washington: The World Bank; 2015.\nChallenges in responding to population ageing. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fageing-and-health(19.08.2020).\nInternational Day of Older Persons. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Fdetail\u002F30-09-2019-who-launches-digital-app-to-improve-care-for-older-people (27.07.2020).\nPolicies and priority interventions for healthy ageing. Active aging. Good health adds life to years. Europe: World Health Organization; 2012.\nMarciniak S. Makro- i mikroekonomia. Podstawowe problemy (Macro- and microeconomics. Essential issues). In: Wydanie trzecie, zmienione. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; 2001.\nZweifel P, Breyer F, Kifmann M. Health Economics. Second ed. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.\nSuchecka J, Nieszporska S. Koncepcja ryzyka w kontekście funkcji użyteczności (The concept of risk in the context of the utility function). Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie nr. 2015;19, Częstochowa:103–115.\nGrossman M. The Human Capital Model of the Demand for Health. NBER Working Paper Series, Workin Paper No. 7078. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research; 1999.\nGerfin M, Spycher S, Leu R. The Validity of the MIMIC Health Index – Some Empirical Evidence. In: Zweifel P, Frech H, editors. Health Economics Worldwide. Dordrechtpp: Kluwer; 1992. p. 109–42.\nSuchecka J. Ekonomia zdrowia i opieki zdrowotnej (Economics of health and health care). Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa: Wydanie rozszerzone i uaktualnione; 2016.\nWittenberg R, Pickard L, Comas-Herrera A, Davies B, Darton R. Demand for long-term care: projections of long-term care finance for elderly people. London School of Economics: SSRU; 1998.\nWren M, O’Reilly D, Cruise SM, Connolly S, Murphy C. Towards the Development of a Predictive Model of Long-Term Care Demand For Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Dublin: Centre for Health Policy and Management; 2012.\nde Meijer C, Koopmanschap M, D’ Uva TB, Van Doorslaer E. Determinants of long-term care spending: Age, time to death or disability? J Health Econ. 2011;30:425–38.\nWorrall P. Modelling the Demand for Long-term Care to Optimise Local Level Planning. Westminster: University of Westminster; 2015. March\nŁuczak P. Publiczne i prywatne finansowanie opieki długoterminowej. Przykład Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (Public and private funding of long-term care. The example of Central and Eastern Europe). Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje. 2016;nr 33(2):35–51.\nCosta-Font J, Courbage C, Swartz K. Financing long-term care: ex ante, ex post or both? Health Econ. 2015;24, nr S1(suplement):45–57.\nEling M, Ghavibazoo O. Research on long-term care insurance: status quo and directions for future research. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, 44(1). 2018.\nWelfe W. Ekonometryczne modele gospodarki narodowej Polski (Econometric models of the national economy of Poland). Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne; 1992.\nGarbicz M, Golachowski E. Elementarne modele makroekonomiczne (Elementary macroeconomic models). Warszawa: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie; 2006.\nSuchecki B. Kompletne modele popytu (Complete demand models). Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne; 2006.\nCembel C. Teoria szarych systemów – nowa metodologia analizy i oceny złożonych systemów. Przegląd możliwości (Grey systems theory: A new methodology for the analysis and evaluation of complex systems. An overview of possibilities). Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej Nr 63. Organizacja i Zarządzanie. 2014;63:9–20.\nMazur M. Cybernetyczna teoria układów samodzielnych (Cybernetic theory of autonomous systems). Warszawa: PWN; 1966.\nCempel C, Tabaszewski M. Zastosowanie teorii szarych systemów do modelowania i prognozowania w diagnostyce maszyn (Application of grey systems theory to modelling and forecasting in machine diagnostics). Diagnostyka’2. 2015;2007(42):11–8.\nLynn J, Adamson DM. Living Well at the End of Life Adapting Health Care to Serious Chronic Illness in Old Age. 2003;RAND:6–7.\nRozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 16 marca 2020 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie świadczeń gwarantowanych z zakresu świadczeń pielęgnacyjnych i opiekuńczych w ramach opieki długoterminowej, Dz.U. 2020 poz. 460. (Regulation of the Minister of Health dated 13 March 2020 changed regulation on guaranteed services in nursing and caring services within the long-term care, Dz.U. – Polish Journal of Laws of 2020, item 460).\nBetter Palliative Care for Older People (2004). Davies E, Higginson IJ (ed.), World Health Organization.\nJanecki M. Przegląd narzędzi służących do oceny bólu neuropatycznego (A review of tools for assessing neuropathic pain). Palliative Medicine in Practice. 2014;8(2):74–7.\nDepta A. Transformacja współczesnych systemów zdrowotnych w wybranych krajach (Transformation of modern health systems in selected countries). In: Suchecka J, editor. Finansowanie ochrony zdrowia. Wybrane zagadnienia (Financing of health care. Selected issues). Warszawa: ABC a Wolters Kluwer business; 2011. p. 23–63.\nStrzelecka A. Metody taksonomiczne i ekonometryczne w badaniach publicznych wydatków zdrowotnych (Taxonomic and econometric methods in the study of public health expenditure). In: Ryć K, Skrzypczak Z, editors. Ochrona zdrowia na świecie (Health care in the world). Warszawa: Wyd. Wolters Kluwer Polska; 2011.\nTwoje uprawnienia do zabezpieczenia społecznego w Niemczech, Zatrudnienie, sprawy społeczne i włączenie społeczne (Your social security rights in Germany, DG for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, European Union,) (2020). Unia Europejska.\nFolland S, Goodman A, Stano M. The Economics of Health and Health Care. 8th ed. London and New York: Routledge; 2017.\nTwoje uprawnienia do zabezpieczenia społecznego w Wielkiej Brytanii, Zatrudnienie, sprawy społeczne iwłączenie społeczne (Your social security rights in the United Kingdom, DG for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion). 2013. Unia Europejska.\nUstawa z dnia 23 stycznia 2003 r. o powszechnym ubezpieczeniu w Narodowym Funduszu Zdrowia, Dz. U. 2003 r. Nr 45, poz.391 (Act of 23 January 2003 on universal insurance in the National Health Fund, Dz.U. – Polish Journal of Laws of 2003, No. 45, item 391).\nZdrowie i ochrona zdrowia w 2018r. Health and health care in 2018. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny; 2019.\nSprawozdanie z działalności Narodowego Funduszu Zdrowia za 2015 rok (Report on the activities of the National Health Fund for 2015). Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia. Warszawa: czerwiec; 2016.\nBarczak S. Zastosowanie teorii szarych systemów do przewidywania przyszłych ofert składanych na aukcjach pierwszej ceny poprzez pryzmat modelu szarego GM (1,1). (Application of grey systems theory to predict future bids made at first-price auctions in the light of the GM (1,1) grey model). Studia Ekonomiczne nr 146. Innowacje w finansach i ubezpieczeniach – metody matematyczne i informatyczne. 2013;146:7–18.",{"VOID":671},"10.1186\u002Fs13561-021-00349-5","2024-06-26T12:13:14.892+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fhealtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs13561-021-00349-5",[675],{"id":676,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":677,"affiliations":678,"properties":687,"displayName":689,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"4ce1ce50-fb33-4c50-90ad-abcb3bf24439",[545],[679],{"id":680,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":681,"properties":18},"79648784-c4f9-428c-a42e-52085e806b1f",{"id":680,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":682,"slug":18,"properties":683,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":686,"statistic":18},[],{"title":684},{"VI":685},"Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management, Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, Czestochowa, Poland",[],{"title":688,"gsAuthor":690},{"VI":689},"Sylwia Nieszporska",{"VOID":691},"[\"J2tJp2YAAAAJ\"]",{"url":18,"publisher":693,"properties":18},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":694,"slug":10,"properties":695,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":698,"manageAffiliations":703,"indexDatabases":714,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":729,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"title":696,"eissn":697},{"EN":13},{"VOID":15},[699],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":700,"label":701,"description":702,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[704,709],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":705,"slug":18,"properties":706,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":708,"statistic":18},[],{"title":707},{"EN":33},[35],{"id":37,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":710,"slug":18,"properties":711,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":713,"statistic":18},[],{"title":712},{"EN":41},[],[715,722],{"id":45,"indexDatabase":716,"url":58,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":721,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":717,"label":718,"description":719,"key":54,"publicationTags":720,"standard":18},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":52,"VI":53},[56,57],[60,61],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":723,"url":74,"indexYears":75,"academicFieldIds":728,"indexDatabaseRanking":78},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":724,"label":725,"description":726,"key":71,"publicationTags":727,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":68,"VI":70},[73],[77],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":730,"i10Index":92,"i10IndexLast5Year":93,"totalPublication":94,"totalPublicationByYear":731,"totalCitation":109,"totalCitationByYear":732,"totalCitationPerPublication":121,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":733,"hindexLast5Year":134,"hindex":134},{"2012":81,"2013":82,"2014":83,"2015":84,"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":87,"2019":88,"2020":83,"2021":89,"2022":90,"2023":91},{"2011":96,"2012":97,"2013":98,"2014":99,"2015":100,"2016":101,"2017":102,"2018":103,"2019":104,"2020":105,"2021":102,"2022":106,"2023":107,"2024":108},{"2011":111,"2012":112,"2013":113,"2014":114,"2015":115,"2016":116,"2017":117,"2018":112,"2020":118,"2021":119,"2022":120},{"2011":123,"2012":124,"2013":125,"2014":126,"2015":127,"2016":128,"2017":129,"2018":130,"2020":131,"2021":132,"2022":133},{"total":19,"publishYear":735,"statisticByYear":736},2022,{},"2022-01-05","DONE_ANALYZE_CITATION","2026-07-19T01:14:59.829+00:00",[56,78],{"id":742,"createTime":743,"updateTime":744,"relativeEntities":745,"slug":746,"properties":747,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":758,"verifyNote":163,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":759,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":760,"publicationType":370,"publisherRelationship":836,"citationCount":330,"citationInfo":881,"publishDate":883,"publishYear":420,"citationAnalyzeStatus":738,"lastCitationAnalyze":744,"indexDatabases":884,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":521},"215c8cac-89ce-49e7-811e-29c94e2f9d50","2023-12-28T12:17:01.570+00:00","2026-07-18T07:05:49.466+00:00",[],"Factors-influencing-the-variation-in-GMS-prescribing-expenditure-in-Ireland",{"abstract":748,"title":750,"gsPaper":752,"references":754,"doi":756},{"EN":749},"Pharmaceutical expenditure growth is a familiar feature in many Western health systems and is a real concern for policymakers. A state funded General Medical Services (GMS) scheme in Ireland experienced an increase in prescription expenditure of 414 % between 1998 and 2012. This paper seeks to explore the rationale for this growth by investigating the composition (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Group level 1 & 5) and drivers of GMS drug expenditure in Ireland in 2012. A cross-sectional study was carried out on the Health Service Executive-Primary Care Reimbursement Service (HSE-PCRS) population prescribing database (n = 1,630,775). Three models were applied to test the association between annual expenditure per claimant whilst controlling for age, sex, region, and the pharmacology of the drugs as represented by the main ATC groups. The mean annual cost per claimant was €751 (median = €211; SD = €1323.10; range = €3.27–€298,670). Age, sex, and regions were all significant contributory factors of expenditure, with gender having the greatest impact (β = 0.107). Those aged over 75 (β =1.195) were the greatest contributors to annual GMS prescribing costs. As regards regions, the South has the greatest cost increasing impact. When the ATC groups were included the impact of gender is diluted by the pharmacology of the products, with cardiovascular prescribing (ATC ‘C’) most influential (β = 1.229) and the explanatory power of the model increased from 40 % to 60 %. Whilst policies aimed at cost containment (co-payment charges; generic substitution; reference pricing; adjustments to GMS eligibility) can be used to curtail expenditure, health promotional programs and educational interventions should be given equal emphasis. Also policies intended to affect physicians’ prescribing behaviour include guidelines, information (about price and less expensive alternatives) and feedback, and the use of budgetary restrictions could yield savings in Ireland and can be easily translated to the international context.",{"EN":751},"Factors influencing the variation in GMS prescribing expenditure in Ireland",{"VOID":753},"[\"17377344202834295759\"]",{"VOID":755},"Ess SM, Schneeweiss S, Szucs TD. European healthcare policies for controlling drug expenditure. Pharmacoeconomics. 2003;21(2):89–103.\nMousnad MA, Shafie AA, Ibrahim MI. Systematic review of factors affecting pharmaceutical expenditures. Health Policy. 2014;116:137–46.\nConway A et al. The implications of regional and national demographic projections for future GMS costs in Ireland through to 2026. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:477.\nOECD. Health at a Glance: Europe 2014. OECD Publishing; 2014.\nGorecki P et al. Delivery of pharmaceuticals in Ireland: getting a bigger bang for the buck. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, Policy Research Series; 2012.\nBrick A, Gorecki P, Nolan A. Ireland: pharmaceutical prices, prescribing practices and usage of generics in a comparative context. Dublin: Economic Social Research Institute Research Series; 2013.\nPCRS. Primary care reimbursement service: statistical analysis of claims and payments. Dublin: Health Service Executive; 2012.\nNolan A, et al. The Impact of the Financial Crisis on the Health System and Health in Ireland. Dublin, Ireland: World Heath Organisation European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies; 2015.\nDOH. Health in Ireland - Key Trends 2012. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Health; 2012.\nConway Lenihan, A. and N. Woods, Irish GMS cost projections and its implications between 2016 and 2026. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015.\nWHO. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification index. Oslo, Norway: World Health Organisation; 2007.\nWrobel M et al. Predictability of prescription drug expenditures for medicare beneficiaries. Health Care Financ Rev. 2003;25(2):37–46.\nVivas D et al. Explaining primary healthcare pharmacy expenditure using classification of medications for chronic conditions. Health Policy. 2011;103(1):9–15.\nMujasi PN, Puig-Junoy J. Predictors of primary health care pharmaceutical expenditure by districts in Uganda and implications for budget setting and allocation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:334.\nVivas-Consuelo D et al. Predictability of pharmaceutical spending in primary health services using clinical risk groups. Health Policy. 2014;116(2-3):188–95.\nZhao Y et al. Predicting pharmacy costs and other medical costs using diagnoses and drug claims. Med Care. 2005;43(1):34.\nPowers CA et al. Predictive modelling of total healthcare costs using pharmacy claims data: a comparison of alternative econometric cost modelling techniques. Med Care. 2005;43(11):1065–72.\nGarcía Goñi M, Ibern P. Predictability of drug expenditures: an application using morbidity data. Health Econ. 2008;17:119–26.\nAguado A et al. Variability in prescription drug expenditures explained by adjusted clinical groups (ACG) case-mix: a cross-sectional study of patient electronic records in primary care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:53.\nSturkenboom MCJM et al. Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries. BMJ. 2008;24(337):a2245.\nNaughton C, Bennett K, Feely J. Regional variation in prescribing for chronic conditions among an elderly population using a pharmacy claims database. Ir J Med Sci. 2006;175(3):32–9.\nKildemoes HW, Stovring H, Andersen M. Driving forces behind increasing cardiovascular drug utilisation: a dynamic pharmacoepidemiological model. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;66(6):885–95.\nLoikas, D., et al., Differences in drug utilisation between men and women: a cross-sectional analysis of all dispensed drugs in Sweden. 2013. doi: 10.1136\u002Fbmjopen-2012-002378.\nMorgan SG. Prescription drug expenditures and population demographics. Health Serv Res. 2006;41(2):411–28.\nJohnston N, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Lagerqvist B. Are we using cardiovascular medications and coronary angiography appropriately in men and women with chest pain? Eur Heart J. 2011;32(11):1331–6.\nFernández Liz E et al. Identifying how age and gender influence prescription drug use in a primary health care environment in Catalonia, Spain. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;65(3):407–17.\nBennett K, Feely J, Williams D. Inequalities in prescribing of secondary preventative therapies for ischaemic heart disease in Ireland. Ir Med J. 2002;95(9):282.\nUsher C, Bennett K, Feely J. Regional variation in the prescribing for diabetes and use of secondary preventative therapies in Ireland. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2005;14(8):537–44.\nMorgan SG, Cunningham CM, Hanley GE. Individual and contextual determinants of regional variation in prescription drug use: an analysis of administrative data from British Columbia. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e15883.\nMueller C, Schur C, Connell JO’. Prescription drug spending: the impact of age and chronic disease status. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(10):1626–9.\nYarnell JWG et al. Smoking, atopy and certain furry pets are major determinants of respiratory symptoms in children: the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood study (Ireland). Clin Exp Allergy. 2003;33(1):96–100.\nHollingworth S, Duncan EL, Martin JH. Marked increase in proton pump inhibitors use in Australia. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19(10):1019–24.\nMcGowan B et al. Cost effective prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s) in the GMS scheme. Ir Med J. 2005;98(3):78–9.\nGerdtham U-G et al. The effect of changes in treatment patterns on drug expenditure. Pharmacoeconomics. 1998;13:127–34.\nGerdtham U-G, Lundin D. Why drug spending increase during the 1990s? A decomposition based on swedish data. Pharmacoeconomics. 2004;22(1):29–42.\nKlarin I, Fastbom J, Wimo A. A population-based study of drug use in the very old living in a rural district of Sweden, with focus on cardiovascular drug consumption with an urban cohort. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2003;12(8):669–78.\nSteinberg EP et al. Beyond survey data: a claims-based analysis of drug use and spending by the elderly. Health Aff. 2000;19(2):198–211.",{"VOID":757},"10.1186\u002Fs13561-016-0090-x","2024-06-23T06:28:20.291+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fhealtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs13561-016-0090-x",[761,778,795,808,823],{"id":762,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":763,"affiliations":764,"properties":773,"displayName":775,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"1e40f8c6-6173-4195-aa07-d4a132ea7ccb",[545],[765],{"id":766,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":767,"properties":18},"fdecb08e-5d90-4bb7-b10f-75a232a6b326",{"id":766,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":768,"slug":18,"properties":769,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":772,"statistic":18},[],{"title":770},{"VI":771},"Department of Management & Enterprise, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland",[],{"title":774,"gsAuthor":776},{"VI":775},"A. ConwayLenihan",{"VOID":777},"[\"LZxNAcAAAAAJ\"]",{"id":779,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":18,"roles":780,"affiliations":781,"properties":790,"displayName":792,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"676e2ff9-0108-4a58-be8f-548de39d0ff6",[545],[782],{"id":783,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":784,"properties":18},"bc5e78ac-b0df-4d80-a0ca-7d0b645018cf",{"id":783,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":785,"slug":18,"properties":786,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":789,"statistic":18},[],{"title":787},{"VI":788},"Centre for Policy Studies, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland",[],{"title":791,"gsAuthor":793},{"VI":792},"S. 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Instead of reimbursing health facilities, as many sub-Saharan countries do, the government paid them prospectively for covered services to avoid reimbursement delays, which are cited as a reason for the persistence of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. This study aimed to (i) estimate the direct expenditures of deliveries and covered obstetric care, (ii) determine the OOP payments, and (iii) identify the patient and health facility characteristics associated with OOP payments. A national cross-sectional study was conducted in September and October 2016 in 395 randomly selected health facilities. A structured questionnaire was administered to women (n = 593) who had delivered or received obstetric care on the day of the survey. The direct health expenditures included fees for consultations, prescriptions, paraclinical examinations, hospitalization and ambulance transport. A two-part model with robust variances was performed to identify the factors associated with OOP payments. A total of 587 women were included in the analysis. The median direct health expenses were US$5.38 [interquartile range (IQR):4.35–6.65], US$24.72 [IQR:16.57–46.09] and US$136.39 [IQR: 108.36–161.42] for normal delivery, dystocia and cesarean section, respectively. Nearly one-third (29.6%, n = 174) of the women reported having paid for their care. OOP payments ranged from US$0.08 to US$98.67, with a median of US$1.77 [IQR:0.83–7.08]). Overall, 17.5% (n = 103) of the women had purchased drugs at private pharmacies, and 11.4% (n = 67) had purchased cleaning products for a room or equipment. OOP payments were more frequent with age, for emergency obstetric care and among women who work. The women’s health region of origin was also significantly associated with OOP payments. For those who made OOP payments, the amounts paid decreased with age but were higher in urban areas, in hospitals, and among the most educated women. The amounts paid were lower among students and were associated with health region. The policy is effective for financial protection. However, improvements in the management and supply system of health facilities’ pharmacies could further reduce OOP payments in the context of the free health care policy in Burkina Faso.",{"EN":895},"Out-of-pocket payments in the context of a free maternal health care policy in Burkina Faso: a national cross-sectional 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Global health actors no longer in favor of user fees: a documentary study. Glob Health. 2013;9:29.","https:\u002F\u002Fglobalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1744-8603-9-29",{"doi":1101},"10.1186\u002F1744-8603-9-29",{"id":1103,"text":1104,"url":1105,"identifiers":1106},"4c68646b-0035-4279-8000-0006b275d4fa","John EU. The impacts of user fees on health services in sub-Saharan African countries: a ctirical analysis of the evidence. Am J Public Health Res. 2013;1:196–202.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":1107},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":1103,"text":1109,"url":1105,"identifiers":1110},"Richard F, Witter S, de Brouwere V. Innovative approaches to reducing financial barriers to obstetric care in low-income countries. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:1845–52.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1112,"url":1105,"identifiers":1113},"Richard F, Antony M, Witter S, Kelley A, Sieleunou I, Kafando Y, et al. Fee exemption for maternal care in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of 11 countries and lessons for the region. Glob Health Gov. 2013;6:1–21.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1115,"text":1116,"url":1117,"identifiers":1118},"3c9779ad-a678-4a6d-848e-6b5f2d56ff51","Ridde V, Queuille L, Kafando Y, Robert É. Transversal analysis of public policies on user fees exemptions in six west African countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:409.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1472-6963-12-409",{"doi":1119},"10.1186\u002F1472-6963-12-409",{"id":1103,"text":1121,"url":1105,"identifiers":1122},"Ridde V, Morestin F. A scoping review of the literature on the abolition of user fees in health care services in Africa. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26:1–11.",{"doi":1107},{"id":18,"text":1124,"url":18,"identifiers":1125},"Witter S, Boukhalfa C, Cresswell JA, Daou Z, Filippi V, Ganaba R, et al. 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The operations of the free maternal care policy and out of pocket payments during childbirth in rural northern Ghana. Health Econ Rev. 2017;7:41.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1139,"url":1105,"identifiers":1140},"Dalinjong PA, Wang AY, Homer CSE. Has the free maternal health policy eliminated out of pocket payments for maternal health services? Views of women, health providers and insurance managers in northern Ghana. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0184830.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1142,"url":1105,"identifiers":1143},"Kruk ME, Mbaruku G, Rockers PC, Galea S. User fee exemptions are not enough: out-of-pocket payments for 'free' delivery services in rural Tanzania. Tropical Med Int Health. 2008;13:1442–51.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1145,"url":1105,"identifiers":1146},"Opwora A, Waweru E, Toda M, Noor A, Edwards T, Fegan G, et al. Implementation of patient charges at primary care facilities in Kenya: implications of low adherence to user fee policy for users and facility revenue. Health Policy Plan. 2015;30:508–17.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1148,"url":1105,"identifiers":1149},"Perkins M, Brazier E, Themmen E, Bassane B, Diallo D, Mutunga A, et al. Out-of-pocket costs for facility-based maternity care in three African countries. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24:289–300.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1151,"text":1152,"url":1153,"identifiers":1154},"955e63a1-3cef-4fc4-ad5e-7f84e488532d","Ridde V, Kouanda S, Yameogo M, Kadio K, Bado A. Why do women pay more than they should? A mixed methods study of the implementation gap in a policy to subsidize the costs of deliveries in Burkina Faso. Eval Program Plann. 2013;36:145–52.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0149718912000705",{"doi":1155},"10.1016\u002Fj.evalprogplan.2012.09.005",{"id":1103,"text":1157,"url":1105,"identifiers":1158},"Wang Q, Fu AZ, Brenner S, Kalmus O, Banda HT, De Allegri M. Out-of-pocket expenditure on chronic non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of rural Malawi. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0116897.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1160,"url":1105,"identifiers":1161},"Ridde V, Richard F, Bicaba A, Queuille L, Conombo G. The national subsidy for deliveries and emergency obstetric care in Burkina Faso. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(Suppl 2):30–40.",{"doi":1107},{"id":18,"text":1163,"url":1164,"identifiers":1165},"Ministère de la Santé. Annuaire statistique 2016. In: Ouagadougou; 2017. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.sante.gov.bf\u002Findex.php?option=com_edocman&task=document.viewdoc&id=363&Itemid=1123. Accessed 15 Jun 2018.","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.sante.gov.bf\u002Findex.php?option=com_edocman&task=document.viewdoc&id=363&Itemid=1123",{},{"id":18,"text":1167,"url":18,"identifiers":1168},"Gorstein J, Sullivan KM, Parvanta I, Begin F. Indicators and methods for cross-sectional surveys of vitamin and mineral status of populations. Ottawa: Atlanta: the micronutrient initiative, centers for disease control and Prevention; 2007.",{},{"id":18,"text":1170,"url":18,"identifiers":1171},"Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Education; 2013.",{},{"id":18,"text":1173,"url":18,"identifiers":1174},"Deb P, Norton EC. Health econometrics using stata. In: College Station. 1st ed. Texas: Stata Press; 2013.",{},{"id":18,"text":1176,"url":18,"identifiers":1177},"Hilbe JM. Negative binomial regression. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2011.",{},{"id":1103,"text":1179,"url":1105,"identifiers":1180},"Hardin JW, Hilbe JM. Generalized linear models and extensions. In: College Station. 4th ed. Texas: Stata Press; 2018.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1182,"url":1105,"identifiers":1183},"Kalu-Umeh NN, Sambo MN, Idris HS, Kurfi AM. Costs and patterns of financing maternal health care services in rural communities in northern Nigeria: evidence for designing national fee exemption policy. Int J MCH AIDS. 2013;2:163–72.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1185,"url":1105,"identifiers":1186},"Opwora A, Kabare M, Molyneux S, Goodman C. Direct facility funding as a response to user fee reduction: implementation and perceived impact among Kenyan health centres and dispensaries. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25:406–18.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1188,"url":1105,"identifiers":1189},"Witter S, Arhinfu DK, Kusi A, Zakariah-Akoto S. The experience of Ghana in implementing a user fee exemption policy to provide free delivery care. Reprod Health Matters. 2007;15:61–71.",{"doi":1107},{"id":18,"text":1191,"url":18,"identifiers":1192},"Ousseini A, Kafando Y. La santé financière des dispositifs de soin face à la politique de gratuité. Les comités de gestion au Niger. Afr Contemp. 2012;243:65–76.",{},{"id":1194,"text":1195,"url":1196,"identifiers":1197},"63d7a6d5-8ef1-4b1d-aff2-648a6b86b262","Pariyo GW, Ekirapa-Kiracho E, Okui O, Rahman MH, Peterson S, Bishai DM, et al. Changes in utilization of health services among poor and rural residents in Uganda: are reforms benefitting the poor? Int J Equity Health. 2009;8:39.","https:\u002F\u002Fequityhealthj.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1475-9276-8-39",{"doi":1198},"10.1186\u002F1475-9276-8-39",{"id":1200,"text":1201,"url":1202,"identifiers":1203},"3752f8d8-26e5-4b19-9ee0-6306fdf795d4","Ridde V, Robert E, Meessen B. A literature review of the disruptive effects of user fee exemption policies on health systems. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:289.","http:\u002F\u002Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1471-2458-12-289",{"doi":1204},"10.1186\u002F1471-2458-12-289",{"id":18,"text":1206,"url":18,"identifiers":1207},"Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie (INSD). Enquête multisectorielle continue (EMC) 2014: Profil de pauvreté et d’inégalités. Ouagadougou: Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie (INSD); 2015.",{},{"id":18,"text":1209,"url":18,"identifiers":1210},"Meda IB, Belemlilga YH, Millogo T, Kouanda S. Coûts médicaux des accouchements et des césariennes au Burkina Faso: une évaluation nationale. Science et Technique, Sciences de la Santé. 2018;41:31–9.",{},{"id":1212,"text":1213,"url":1214,"identifiers":1215},"11e53ace-61a3-42f0-9dd3-3b49e6e66e73","Dunne SS, Dunne CP. What do people really think of generic medicines? A systematic review and critical appraisal of literature on stakeholder perceptions of generic drugs. BMC Med. 2015;13:173.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12916-015-0415-3",{"doi":1216},"10.1186\u002Fs12916-015-0415-3",{"id":1218,"text":1219,"url":1220,"identifiers":1221},"8570477b-dae6-469b-b97a-74d6736c1187","Riner B, Bussy A, Hélène-Pelage J, Moueza N, Lamy S, Carrère P. “No generics, doctor!” the perspective of general practitioners in two French regions. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:707.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12913-017-2682-5",{"doi":1222},"10.1186\u002Fs12913-017-2682-5",{"id":1224,"text":1225,"url":1226,"identifiers":1227},"d2bb9a70-e6aa-467c-9ce9-5beaf36ef066","Haddad S, Bicaba A, Feletto M, Taminy E, Kabore M, Ouedraogo B, et al. System-level determinants of immunization coverage disparities among health districts in Burkina Faso: a multiple case study. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2009;9 Suppl 1:S15.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmcinthealthhumrights.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1472-698X-9-S1-S15",{"doi":1228},"10.1186\u002F1472-698X-9-S1-S15",{"id":1103,"text":1230,"url":1105,"identifiers":1231},"Meda ZC, Konate L, Ouedraogo H, Sanou M, Hercot D, Sombie I. Leadership and vision in the improvement of universal health care coverage in low-income countries. Sante. 2011;21:178–84.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1233,"text":1234,"url":1235,"identifiers":1236},"509a3de8-bb87-4bb3-be86-49e6ba04be83","Mwase T, Brenner S, Mazalale J, Lohmann J, Hamadou S, Somda SMA, Ridde V, De Allegri M. Inequities and their determinants in coverage of maternal health services in Burkina Faso. Int J Equity Health. 2018;17:58.","https:\u002F\u002Fequityhealthj.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12939-018-0770-8",{"doi":1237},"10.1186\u002Fs12939-018-0770-8",{"id":1103,"text":1239,"url":1105,"identifiers":1240},"Okolo CO, Reidpath DD, Allotey P. Socioeconomic inequalities in access to health care: examining the case of Burkina Faso. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2011;22:663–82.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1242,"createTime":1243,"updateTime":1244,"relativeEntities":1245,"slug":1246,"properties":1247,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":1256,"verifyNote":163,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1257,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1258,"publicationType":370,"publisherRelationship":1319,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1366,"publishDate":1369,"publishYear":1367,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1370,"indexDatabases":1371,"openAccess":18,"references":1372,"isForceReanalyzing":521},"4e3ac00a-c951-4a5b-8060-8c83003eca5c","2024-01-16T01:00:02.005+00:00","2026-07-09T13:41:29.795+00:00",[],"Cost-effectiveness-analysis-of-parenteral-iron-therapy-compared-to-oral-iron-supplements-in-managing-iron-deficiency-anemia-among-pregnant-women",{"abstract":1248,"title":1250,"gsPaper":1252,"doi":1254},{"EN":1249},"This study compared the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of parenteral iron, using intravenous iron sucrose (IVIS) therapy against the standard regimen of oral iron (OI) therapy for managing iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) among pregnant women in a natural primary care setting in Gujarat. A prospective cost-effectiveness study was conducted in natural programme setting wherein 188 pregnant women in their 14 to 18 weeks with moderate and severe anemia women enrolled from two districts of Gujarat, and 142 were followed up until the post-partum phase. The intervention group comprised of 82 participants who were administered IVIS, while the comparison group comprised of 106 participants who were put on OI therapy. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured at periodic intervals, first during enrollment and then during each month of pregnancy period and finally on the 42nd day of the post-natal period. Change in mean Hb level from baseline was the primary outcome, while the incidence of morbidity and mortality was a secondary outcome measure. The intervention group showed a significant incremental mean change in Hb level from 8.2 g\u002Fdl to 11.45 g\u002Fdl at the fourth follow-up, while the control group's mean Hb level reduced from 9.99 g\u002Fdl to 9.55 g\u002Fdl. The discounted cost per beneficiary for IVIS was US$ 87, while that for OI was US$ 49. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was US$ 9.84, which is 0.049% of India's per capita GDP. IVIS therapy was more clinically effective and cost-effective than OI therapy among pregnant women for management of moderate and severe anemia.",{"EN":1251},"Cost-effectiveness analysis of parenteral iron therapy compared to oral iron supplements in managing iron deficiency anemia among pregnant 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N, Survey H. Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare COMPENDIUM OF FACT SHEETS INDIA AND 14 STATES\u002FUTs (Phase-11).",{},{"id":1377,"text":1378,"url":1379,"identifiers":1380},"f9e9bff7-9a13-445f-b788-b7cf8482fef5","Kumari S, Garg N, Kumar A, Guru PKI, Ansari S, Anwar S, Singh KP, Kumari P, Mishra PK, Gupta BK, Nehar S, Sharma AK, Raziuddin M, Sohail M. Maternal and severe anaemia in delivering women is associated with risk of preterm and low birth weight: a cross sectional study from Jharkhand, India. One Health. 2019;8:100098. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.onehlt.2019.100098.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS2352771419300163",{"doi":1381},"10.1016\u002Fj.onehlt.2019.100098",{"id":1383,"text":1384,"url":1385,"identifiers":1386},"db050b24-e8fd-4f14-a7bc-6a441ea3da1e","Bone JN, Bellad M, Goudar S, et al. Anemia and adverse outcomes in pregnancy: subgroup analysis of the CLIP cluster-randomized trial in India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22:407. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12884-022-04714-y.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12884-022-04714-y",{"doi":1387},"10.1186\u002Fs12884-022-04714-y",{"id":18,"text":1389,"url":18,"identifiers":1390},"Jasani J, Trivedi J, Rajdev S, Pandya H. Hematological study of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy in Central Gujarat. Int J Biomed Adv Res. 2019;10(3):7–9.",{},{"id":1392,"text":1393,"url":1394,"identifiers":1395},"f6bfe504-54c5-4aec-a11b-673268fffb61","Tolkien Z, Stecher L, Mander AP, Pereira DI, Powell JJ. Ferrous sulfate supplementation causes significant gastrointestinal side-effects in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117383. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0117383.","https:\u002F\u002Fdx.plos.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0117383",{"doi":1396},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0117383",{"id":18,"text":1398,"url":18,"identifiers":1399},"Marahatta R. Study of anaemia in pregnancy and its outcome in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Nepal Nepal Med Coll J. 2007;9(4):270–4.",{},{"id":1103,"text":1401,"url":1105,"identifiers":1402},"K. K. Prevalence & consequences of anaemia in pregnancy. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2009;130(5):627–33.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1404,"url":1105,"identifiers":1405},"Kriplani A, Mahey R, Dash BB, Kulshreshta V, Agarwal N, Bhatla N. Intravenous iron sucrose therapy for moderate to severe anaemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138(JUL 2013):78–82.",{"doi":1107},{"id":18,"text":1407,"url":1408,"identifiers":1409},"Neogi SB, Devasenapathy N, Singh R, Bhushan H, Shah D, Divakar H, Zodpey S, Malik S, Nanda S, Mittal P, Batra A, Chauhan MB, Yadav S, Dongre H, Saluja S, Malhotra V, Gupta A, Sangwan R, Radhika AG, Singh A, Bhaskaran S, Kotru M, Sikka M, Agarwal S, Francis P, Mwinga K, Baswal D. Safety and effectiveness of intravenous iron sucrose versus standard oral iron therapy in pregnant women with moderate-to-severe anaemia in India: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Dec;7(12):e1706-e1716. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002FS2214-109X(19)30427-9. Erratum in: Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(12):e1472.","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs2214-109x(19)30427-9",{"doi":1410},"10.1016\u002Fs2214-109x(19)30427-9",{"id":1103,"text":1412,"url":1105,"identifiers":1413},"Qassim A, Mol BW, Grivell RM, Grzeskowiak LE. Safety and efficacy of intravenous iron polymaltose, iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy: a systematic review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;58(1):22–39.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1415,"url":1105,"identifiers":1416},"Dubey S, Suri V, Aggarawal N, Das R. Is it safe to use intravenous iron sucrose during pregnancy? A randomized controlled trial. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2(4):544.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1418,"url":1105,"identifiers":1419},"Rathod S, Samal S, Mahapatra P, Samal S. Ferric carboxymaltose: a revolution in the treatment of postpartum anemia in Indian women. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(1):25.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1421,"url":1105,"identifiers":1422},"Rabin R, De Charro F. EQ-5D: A measure of health status from the EuroQol Group. Ann Med. 2001;33(5):337–43.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1424,"text":1425,"url":1426,"identifiers":1427},"08dee43d-2535-4263-b988-3b976da4860d","Saha S, Desai B, Fancy M, Puwar T, Saxena D, Shah K, Pandya A. Protocol for the cost-effectiveness of parenteral iron and oral iron therapy for first-line management of anaemia among pregnant women in a natural programme setting in Gujarat. BMJ Open. 2021;11(6):e044712. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmjopen-2020-044712.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmjopen.bmj.com\u002Flookup\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmjopen-2020-044712",{"doi":1428},"10.1136\u002Fbmjopen-2020-044712",{"id":18,"text":1430,"url":18,"identifiers":1431},"EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L Index Value Calculator.",{},{"id":1103,"text":1433,"url":1105,"identifiers":1434},"Bayoumeu F, Subiran-Buisset C, Baka NE, Legagneur H, Monnier-Barbarino P, Laxenaire MC. Iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: Intravenous route versus oral route. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186(3):518–22.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1436,"url":1105,"identifiers":1437},"Al RA, Unlubilgin E, Kandemir O, Yalvac S, Cakir L, Haberal A. Intravenous versus oral iron for treatment of anemia in pregnancy: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(6):1335–40.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1439,"url":1105,"identifiers":1440},"Neeru S, Nair NS, Rai L. Iron sucrose versus oral iron therapy in pregnancy anemia. Indian J Commun Med. 2012;37(4):214–8.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1442,"url":1105,"identifiers":1443},"Kochhar PK, Kaundal A, Ghosh P. Intravenous iron sucrose versus oral iron in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial. J Obstetr Gynaecol Res. 2013;39(2):504–10.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1445,"text":1446,"url":1447,"identifiers":1448},"424c8a19-d06e-4997-9667-7958650892c4","Bhavi SB, Jaju PB. Intravenous iron sucrose v\u002Fs oral ferrous fumarate for treatment of anemia in pregnancy. A randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):137. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12884-017-1313-9.","http:\u002F\u002Fbmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12884-017-1313-9",{"doi":1449},"10.1186\u002Fs12884-017-1313-9",{"id":1103,"text":1451,"url":1105,"identifiers":1452},"Abhilashini GD, Sagili H, Reddi R. Intravenous iron sucrose and oral iron for the treatment of iron deficiency Anaemia in pregnancy. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(5):4–7.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1454,"url":1105,"identifiers":1455},"Panchal PJ, Desai MK, Shah SP, Solanki MN. Evaluation of efficacy, safety and cost of oral and parenteral iron preparations in patients with iron deficiency anemia. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2015;5(3):66–72.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1457,"url":1105,"identifiers":1458},"Al RA, Unlubilgin E, Kandemir O, Yalvac S, Cakir L, Haberal A. Intravenous versus oral iron for treatment of anemia in pregnancy: A randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(6):1335–40.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1460,"url":1105,"identifiers":1461},"Sharma JB, Jain S, Mallika V, Singh T, Kumar A, Arora R, et al. A prospective, partially randomized study of pregnancy outcomes and hematologic responses to oral and intramuscular iron treatment in moderately anemic pregnant women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(1):116–22.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1463,"url":1105,"identifiers":1464},"Kumar A, Jain S, Singh NP, Singh T. Oral versus high dose parenteral iron supplementation in pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2005;89(1):7–13.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1466,"url":1105,"identifiers":1467},"Tigga M, Debbarma A. A comparative study to evaluate oral iron and intravenous iron sucrose for treatment of anemia in pregnancy in a poor socioeconomic region of Northeast India. Tzu Chi Med J. 2020;32(3):258–61.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1469,"url":1105,"identifiers":1470},"Pollock RF, Muduma G. A patient-level cost-effectiveness analysis of iron isomaltoside versus ferric carboxymaltose for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in the United Kingdom. J Med Econ. 2020;23(7):751–9.",{"doi":1107},{"id":1103,"text":1472,"url":1105,"identifiers":1473},"Ray S, Neogi SB, Singh R, Devasenapathy N, Zodpey S. Is IV iron sucrose a cost-effective option for treatment of severe anaemia in pregnancy as compared with oral iron? Health Policy Plan. 2021;35(10):1339–46.",{"doi":1107},{"id":18,"text":1475,"url":1476,"identifiers":1477},"Department of Health Research - HTAIn [Internet]. [cited 2023 Dec 11]. https:\u002F\u002Fdhr.gov.in\u002Fhealth-technology-assessment-india-htain. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fdhr.gov.in\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002FPolicy%20Brief%20vol%202.pdf.","https:\u002F\u002Fdhr.gov.in\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002FPolicy%20Brief%20vol%202.pdf",{},{"id":1479,"createTime":1480,"updateTime":1481,"relativeEntities":1482,"slug":1483,"properties":1484,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":1495,"verifyNote":163,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1496,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1497,"publicationType":370,"publisherRelationship":1556,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1602,"publishDate":1605,"publishYear":1603,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1606,"indexDatabases":1607,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":521},"10625ec0-bb76-46dc-80c2-fc4780e1d86a","2024-01-28T10:33:47.674+00:00","2026-05-17T07:32:25.071+00:00",[],"Trends-in-and-drivers-of-healthcare-expenditure-in-the-English-NHS-a-retrospective-analysis",{"abstract":1485,"title":1487,"gsPaper":1489,"references":1491,"doi":1493},{"EN":1486},"In England, rises in healthcare expenditure consistently outpace growth in both GDP and total public expenditure. To ensure the National Health Service (NHS) remains financially sustainable, relevant data on healthcare expenditure are needed to inform decisions about which services should be delivered, by whom and in which settings. We analyse routine data on NHS expenditure in England over 9 years (2008\u002F09 to 2016\u002F17). To quantify the relative contribution of the different care settings to overall healthcare expenditure, we analyse trends in 14 healthcare settings under three broad categories: Hospital Based Care (HBC), Diagnostics and Therapeutics (D&T) and Community Care (CC). We exclude primary care and community mental health services settings due to a lack of consistent data. We employ a set of indices to aggregate diverse outputs and to disentangle growth in healthcare expenditure that is driven by activity from that due to cost pressures. We identify potential drivers of the observed trends from published studies. Over the 9-year study period, combined NHS expenditure on HBC, D&T and CC rose by 50.2%. Expenditure on HBC rose by 54.1%, corresponding to increases in both activity (29.2%) and cost (15.7%). Rises in expenditure in inpatient (38.5%), outpatient (57.2%), and A&E (59.5%) settings were driven predominately by higher activity. Emergency admissions rose for both short-stay (45.6%) and long-stay cases (26.2%). There was a switch away from inpatient elective care (which fell by 5.1%) and towards day case care (34.8% rise), likely reflecting financial incentives for same-day discharges. Growth in expenditure on D&T (155.2%) was driven by rises in the volume of high cost drugs (270.5%) and chemotherapy (110.2%). Community prescribing grew by 45.2%, with costs falling by 24.4%. Evidence on the relationship between new technologies and healthcare expenditure is mixed, but the fall in drug costs could reflect low generic prices, and the use of health technology assessment or commercial arrangements to inform pricing of new medicines. Aggregate trends in HCE mask enormous variation across healthcare settings. Understanding variation in activity and cost across settings is an important initial step towards ensuring the long-term sustainability of the NHS.",{"EN":1488},"Trends in and drivers of healthcare expenditure in the English NHS: a retrospective analysis",{"VOID":1490},"[\"9883272216166788130\"]",{"VOID":1492},"Harker, R., NHS funding and expenditure. House of Commons Library, 2012. Standard Note SN\u002FSG\u002F724: p. 11.\nOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Fiscal sustainability of health systems: bridging health and finance perspectives. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2015.\nMason A, Rodriguez Santana I, Aragon Aragon MJM, Rice N, Chalkley MJ, Wittenberg R, et al. Drivers of Health Care Expenditure. York: Centre for Health Economics, University of York. 2019. p. 1–56. (CHE Research Paper; 169).\nHernandez-Aceituno A, Perez-Tasigchana RF, Guallar-Castillon P, Lopez-Garcia E, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Banegas JR. Combined healthy behaviors and healthcare services use in older adults. Am J Prev Med. 2017;53(6):872–81.\nMartin JJM, Lopez MP, Gonzalez d A, Garcia MDC. Review of the Literature on the Determinants of Healthcare Expenditure. Appl Econ. 2011;43(1–3):19–46.\nAstolfi R, Lorenzoni L, Oderkirk J. Informing policy makers about future health spending: a comparative analysis of forecasting methods in OECD countries. Health Policy. 2012;107(1):1–10.\nHartwig J, Sturm JE. Testing the Grossman model of medical spending determinants with macroeconomic panel data. Eur J Health Econ. 2018;19:1067–86.\nCortaredona S, Ventelou B. The extra cost of comorbidity: multiple illnesses and the economic burden of non-communicable diseases. BMC Med. 2017;15(1):216.\nMurthy VNR, Ketenci N. Is technology still a major driver of health expenditure in the United States? Evidence from cointegration analysis with multiple structural breaks. Int J Health Econ Manage. 2017;17(1):29–50.\nde Meijer C, O'Donnell O, Koopmanschap M, van Doorslaer E. Health expenditure growth: looking beyond the average through decomposition of the full distribution. J Health Econ. 2013;32(1):88–105.\nLicchetta, M. and M. Stelmach, Fiscal sustainability and public spending on health. OBR Fiscal sustainability analytical paper, 2016: p. 45.\nOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and European Union, Health at a Glance: Europe 2018. State of Health in the EU Cycle. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2018. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1787\u002Fhealth_glance_eur-2018-en.\nHakkinen U, Martikainen P, Noro A, Nihtila E, Peltola M. Aging, health expenditure, proximity to death, and income in Finland. Health Econ Policy Law. 2008;3(Pt 2):165–95.\nDepartment of Health, NHS England, and NHS Improvement. Reference Cost Collection: National Schedule of Reference Costs, 2016–17 - NHS trusts and NHS foundation trusts. London: NHS Improvement; 2017.\nNHS Digital Prescribing and Medicine Team. Prescription Cost Analysis - England, 2016. Leeds: NHS Digital; 2017.\nNHS Digital Primary Care Domain. NHS Dental Statistics for England - 2016-17. Leeds: NHS Digital; 2017.\nNHS Digital Primary Care Domain. General Ophthalmic Services activity statistics - England, year ending 31 March 2017. Leeds: NHS Digital; 2017.\nBojke C, Castelli A, Grasic K, Howdon DDH, Street AD, Rodriguez Santana IDLN. Productivity of the English NHS: 2014\u002F15 update. York, UK: Centre for Health Economics, University of York. 2017. p. 1–81. (CHE Research Paper; 146).\nCastelli A, Dawson D, Gravelle H, Street A. Improving the measurement of health system output growth. Health Econ. 2007;16(10):1091–107.\nGaughan J, Gutacker N, Grašič K, Kreif N, Siciliani L, Street A. Paying for efficiency: Incentivising same-day discharges in the English NHS. J Health Econ. 2019;68:102226.\nHartwig J. What drives health care expenditure? Baumol's model of 'unbalanced growth' revisited. J Health Econ. 2008;27(3):603–23.\nZweifel P, Felder S, Meiers M. Ageing of population and health care expenditure: a red herring? Health Econ. 1999;8(6):485–96.\nGeue C, Briggs A, Lewsey J, Lorgelly P. Population ageing and healthcare expenditure projections: new evidence from a time to death approach. Eur J Health Econ. 2014;15(8):885–96.\nGeue, C., P. Lorgelly, J. Lewsey, C. Hart, and A. Briggs, Hospital expenditure at the end-of-life: what are the impacts of health status and health risks? PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource], 2015. 10(3): p. e0119035.\nWong A, van Baal PH, Boshuizen HC, Polder JJ. Exploring the influence of proximity to death on disease-specific hospital expenditures: a carpaccio of red herrings. Health Econ. 2011;20(4):379–400.\nHowdon D, Rice N. Health care expenditures, age, proximity to death and morbidity: implications for an ageing population. J Health Econ. 2018;57:60–74.\nRice N, Aragon Aragon MJM. The determinants of health care expenditure growth. York: Centre for Health Economics, University of York; 2018. (CHE Research Paper; 156).\nWouterse B, Meijboom BR, Polder JJ. The relationship between baseline health and longitudinal costs of hospital use. Health Econ. 2011;20(8):985–1008.\nBlanco-Moreno, A., R.M. Urbanos-Garrido, and I.J. Thuissard-Vasallo, Public healthcare expenditure in Spain: measuring the impact of driving factors. Health Policy, 2013. 111(1): p. 34–42.\nFrees EW, Gao J, Rosenberg MA. Predicting the frequency and amount of health care expenditures. North Am Actuarial J. 2011;15(3):377–92.\nCoster JE, Turner JK, Bradbury D, Cantrell A. Why do people choose emergency and urgent care services? A rapid review utilizing a systematic literature search and narrative synthesis. Acad Emerg Med Off J Soc Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(9):1137–49.\nDinh MM, Berendsen Russell S, Bein KJ, Chalkley D, Muscatello D, Paoloni R, et al. Understanding drivers of demand for emergency service trends in years 2010-2014 in New South Wales: an initial overview of the DESTINY project. Emerg Med Australas. 2016;28(2):179–86.\nCastelli A, Chalkley MJ, Gaughan JM, Pace ML, Rodriguez Santana I. Productivity of the English National Health Service: 2016\u002F17 update. York: Centre for Health Economics, University of York; 2019. (CHE Research Paper; 163).\nCastelli A, Chalkley M, Rodriguez Santana IDLN. Productivity of the English National Health Service: 2015\u002F16 update. York: Centre for Health Economics, University of York; 2018. p. 1–78. (CHE Research Paper; 152).\nMason AR, Drummond MF. Public funding of new cancer drugs: is NICE getting nastier? Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(7):1188–92.\nDepartment of Health and Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, The Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme 2014 2013, Department of Health: London. p 135.\nWood EM, Hughes DA. The new and non-transparent Cancer drugs fund. PharmacoEconomics. 2020;38(1):1–4.\nDieleman JL, Baral R, Johnson E, Bulchis A, Birger M, Bui AL, et al. Adjusting health spending for the presence of comorbidities: an application to United States national inpatient data. Heal Econ Rev. 2017;7(1):30.\nMoorin R, Gibson D, Holman D, Hendrie D. The contribution of age and time-to-death on health care expenditure for out-of-hospital services. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2012;17(4):197–205.\nNational Audit Office. Investigation into NHS spending on generic medicines in primary care. In: HC 1122 SESSION 2017–2019. London: National Audit Office; 2018.\nDrummond M, Towse A. Is rate of return pricing a useful approach when value-based pricing is not appropriate? Eur J Health Econ. 2019;20(7):945–8.\nNHS England, NHS Commercial Framework for Medicines: Draft for Engagement (version 1). 2019. p. 33.\nMoore PV, Bennett K, Normand C. The importance of proximity to death in modelling community medication expenditures for older people: evidence from New Zealand. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2014;12(6):623–33.\nThiebaut SP, Barnay T, Ventelou B. Ageing, chronic conditions and the evolution of future drugs expenditure: a five-year micro-simulation from 2004 to 2029. Appl Econ. 2013;45(13–15):1663–72.\nNewhouse JP. Medical care costs: how much welfare loss? J Econ Perspect. 1992;6(3):3–21.\nSorenson C, Drummond M, Bhuiyan Khan B. Medical technology as a key driver of rising health expenditure: disentangling the relationship. Clinicoeconomics Outcomes Res. 2013;5:223–34.\nNHS England, NHS Long Term Plan. 2019. p. 136.",{"VOID":1494},"10.1186\u002Fs13561-020-00278-9","2024-05-12T13:56:43.432+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fhealtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs13561-020-00278-9",[1498,1515,1530,1543],{"id":1499,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1500,"affiliations":1501,"properties":1510,"displayName":1512,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"0274bde4-9d37-4a77-8391-f13a4f5bf252",[545],[1502],{"id":1503,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1504,"properties":18},"793f5dc3-5d3a-4350-a858-99fd7458492b",{"id":1503,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1505,"slug":18,"properties":1506,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1509,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1507},{"VI":1508},"HCD Economics, The Innovation Centre, Warrington, UK",[],{"title":1511,"gsAuthor":1513},{"VI":1512},"Idaira Rodriguez Santana",{"VOID":1514},"[\"25OkJ0wAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1516,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":18,"roles":1517,"affiliations":1518,"properties":1527,"displayName":1529,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"1175dcdc-584b-4497-b3dd-64f3fa423f15",[545],[1519],{"id":1520,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1521,"properties":18},"b1a0b0da-e63f-4904-acef-482e6436ac3f",{"id":1520,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1522,"slug":18,"properties":1523,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1526,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1524},{"VI":1525},"Centre for Health Economics, Alcuin ‘A’ Block, University of York, York, UK",[],{"title":1528},{"VI":1529},"María José Aragón",{"id":1531,"sortIndex":207,"researcher":18,"roles":1532,"affiliations":1533,"properties":1540,"displayName":1542,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"e5e3f51d-09e1-4121-815f-b843b7b0b287",[545],[1534],{"id":1520,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1535,"properties":18},{"id":1520,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1536,"slug":18,"properties":1537,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1539,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1538},{"VI":1525},[],{"title":1541},{"VI":1542},"Nigel Rice",{"id":1544,"sortIndex":227,"researcher":18,"roles":1545,"affiliations":1546,"properties":1553,"displayName":1555,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"f44dd221-277c-4c9a-95b6-3d11d64e1317",[545],[1547],{"id":1520,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1548,"properties":18},{"id":1520,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1549,"slug":18,"properties":1550,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1552,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1551},{"VI":1525},[],{"title":1554},{"VI":1555},"Anne Rosemary Mason",{"url":1496,"publisher":1557,"properties":1598},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1558,"slug":10,"properties":1559,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1562,"manageAffiliations":1567,"indexDatabases":1578,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1593,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"title":1560,"eissn":1561},{"EN":13},{"VOID":15},[1563],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1564,"label":1565,"description":1566,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[1568,1573],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1569,"slug":18,"properties":1570,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1572,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1571},{"EN":33},[35],{"id":37,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1574,"slug":18,"properties":1575,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1577,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1576},{"EN":41},[],[1579,1586],{"id":45,"indexDatabase":1580,"url":58,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1585,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1581,"label":1582,"description":1583,"key":54,"publicationTags":1584,"standard":18},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":52,"VI":53},[56,57],[60,61],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":1587,"url":74,"indexYears":75,"academicFieldIds":1592,"indexDatabaseRanking":78},{"id":65,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1588,"label":1589,"description":1590,"key":71,"publicationTags":1591,"standard":18},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":68,"VI":70},[73],[77],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1594,"i10Index":92,"i10IndexLast5Year":93,"totalPublication":94,"totalPublicationByYear":1595,"totalCitation":109,"totalCitationByYear":1596,"totalCitationPerPublication":121,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1597,"hindexLast5Year":134,"hindex":134},{"2012":81,"2013":82,"2014":83,"2015":84,"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":87,"2019":88,"2020":83,"2021":89,"2022":90,"2023":91},{"2011":96,"2012":97,"2013":98,"2014":99,"2015":100,"2016":101,"2017":102,"2018":103,"2019":104,"2020":105,"2021":102,"2022":106,"2023":107,"2024":108},{"2011":111,"2012":112,"2013":113,"2014":114,"2015":115,"2016":116,"2017":117,"2018":112,"2020":118,"2021":119,"2022":120},{"2011":123,"2012":124,"2013":125,"2014":126,"2015":127,"2016":128,"2017":129,"2018":130,"2020":131,"2021":132,"2022":133},{"pages":1599,"volume":1600},{"VOID":1363},{"VOID":1601},"10",{"total":19,"publishYear":1603,"statisticByYear":1604},2020,{},"2020-06-30","2026-05-17T07:32:25.070+00:00",[56,78],{"id":1609,"createTime":1610,"updateTime":1611,"relativeEntities":1612,"slug":1613,"properties":1614,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":1623,"verifyNote":163,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1624,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1625,"publicationType":370,"publisherRelationship":1682,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1728,"publishDate":1731,"publishYear":1729,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1732,"indexDatabases":1733,"openAccess":18,"references":1734,"isForceReanalyzing":521},"728f6950-45a0-4e35-8041-3e1cb860dece","2024-02-06T11:28:22.050+00:00","2026-04-02T16:06:21.648+00:00",[],"The-cost-utility-of-early-use-of-high-flow-nasal-cannula-in-bronchiolitis",{"abstract":1615,"title":1617,"gsPaper":1619,"doi":1621},{"EN":1616},"High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen is a non-invasive ventilation system that was introduced as an alternative to CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), with a marked increase in its use in pediatric care settings. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early use of HFNC compared to oxygen by nasal cannula in an infant with bronchiolitis in the emergency setting. A decision tree model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of HFNC compared with oxygen by nasal cannula (control strategy) in an infant with bronchiolitis in the emergency setting. Cost data were obtained from a retrospective study on bronchiolitis from tertiary centers in Rionegro, Colombia, while utilities were collected from the literature. The QALYs per patient calculated in the base-case model were 0.9141 (95% CI 0.913–0.915) in the HFNC and 0.9105 (95% CI 0.910–0.911) in control group. The cost per patient was US$368 (95% CI US$ 323–411) in HFNC and US$441 (95% CI US$ 384–498) per patient in the control group. HFNC was cost-effective HFNC compared to oxygen by nasal cannula in an infant with bronchiolitis in the emergency setting. The use of this technology in emergency settings will allow a more efficient use of resources, especially in low-resource countries with high prevalence of bronchiolitis .",{"EN":1618},"The cost-utility of early use of high-flow nasal cannula in bronchiolitis",{"VOID":1620},"[\"8110707301120898140\"]",{"VOID":1622},"10.1186\u002Fs13561-021-00339-7","2024-05-01T08:42:40.285+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fhealtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs13561-021-00339-7",[1626,1643,1667],{"id":1627,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1628,"affiliations":1629,"properties":1638,"displayName":1640,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"29ced790-3dbb-4b76-9b6b-d026339fb501",[545],[1630],{"id":1631,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1632,"properties":18},"cc4852eb-33d7-40e7-b5de-31eef5fa2815",{"id":1631,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1633,"slug":18,"properties":1634,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1637,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1635},{"VI":1636},"Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación en Farmacología y Toxicología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia",[],{"title":1639,"gsAuthor":1641},{"VI":1640},"Jefferson Antonio Buendía",{"VOID":1642},"[\"eWNjMQMAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1644,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":18,"roles":1645,"affiliations":1646,"properties":1664,"displayName":1666,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"eb2b4b48-a0a1-4956-a5f0-029aae0296dc",[545],[1647,1655],{"id":1648,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1649,"properties":18},"236a1e40-b598-45bf-9b59-2dbd95ffec01",{"id":1648,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1650,"slug":18,"properties":1651,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1654,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1652},{"VI":1653},"Departamento de Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia",[],{"id":1656,"sortIndex":189,"affiliation":1657,"properties":1663},"1e856669-d92f-465e-90a2-5cc8cec7cee8",{"id":1656,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1658,"slug":18,"properties":1659,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1662,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1660},{"VI":1661},"Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia",[],{},{"title":1665},{"VI":1666},"Ranniery Acuña-Cordero",{"id":1668,"sortIndex":207,"researcher":18,"roles":1669,"affiliations":1670,"properties":1679,"displayName":1681,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"17131927-16dc-4d21-aa19-d66c709bfb35",[545],[1671],{"id":1672,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1673,"properties":18},"210ac2c6-d09a-41c5-9763-f87149bb9b0b",{"id":1672,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1674,"slug":18,"properties":1675,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1678,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1676},{"VI":1677},"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia",[],{"title":1680},{"VI":1681},"Carlos E. 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Pediatrics. 2006;118(5):2101–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1542\u002Fpeds.2006-1455.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1542\u002Fpeds.2006-1455",{"mag":1929,"openalex":1930,"pm":1931,"doi":1932},"2171016993","W2171016993","17079584","10.1542\u002Fpeds.2006-1455",{"id":18,"text":1934,"url":1935,"identifiers":1936},"Meijboom MJ, Rozenbaum MH, Benedictus A, Luytjes W, Kneyber MC, Wilschut JC, et al. Cost-effectiveness of potential infant vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Netherlands. Vaccine. 2012;30(31):4691–700. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2012.04.072.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2012.04.072",{"mag":1937,"openalex":1938,"pm":1939,"doi":1940},"2104449254","W2104449254","22561315","10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2012.04.072",{"id":18,"text":1942,"url":1943,"identifiers":1944},"Shiri T, Khan K, Keaney K, Mukherjee G, McCarthy ND, Petrou S. Pneumococcal disease: a systematic review of health utilities, resource use, costs, and economic evaluations of interventions. Value Health. 2019;22(11):1329–44. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jval.2019.06.011.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jval.2019.06.011",{"mag":1945,"openalex":1946,"pm":1947,"doi":1948},"2972988014","W2972988014","31708071","10.1016\u002Fj.jval.2019.06.011",{"id":18,"text":1950,"url":1951,"identifiers":1952},"Chiou CF, Weaver MR, Bell MA, Lee TA, Krieger JW. Development of the multi-attribute pediatric asthma health outcome measure (PAHOM). 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Med Decis Mak. 1998;18(1):95–109. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0272989X9801800117.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0272989x9801800117",{"mag":1969,"openalex":1970,"pm":1971,"doi":1972},"2094290836","W2094290836","9456214","10.1177\u002F0272989x9801800117",{"id":1974,"text":1975,"url":1976,"identifiers":1977},"145187ab-2212-43b0-a422-a554a180e5a3","Kepreotes E, Whitehead B, Attia J, Oldmeadow C, Collison A, Searles A, et al. High-flow warm humidified oxygen versus standard low-flow nasal cannula oxygen for moderate bronchiolitis (HFWHO RCT): an open, phase 4, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10072):930–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(17)30061-2.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0140673617300612",{"doi":1978},"10.1016\u002Fs0140-6736(17)30061-2",{"id":1980,"text":1981,"url":1982,"identifiers":1983},"7aeba7a8-6ad9-4a4e-8a57-62571909c76f","Vahlkvist S, Jurgensen L, la Cour A, Markoew S, Petersen TH, Kofoed PE. High flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in treatment of viral bronchiolitis: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179(3):513–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00431-019-03533-2.","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00431-019-03533-2",{"doi":1984},"10.1007\u002Fs00431-019-03533-2",{"id":18,"text":1986,"url":1987,"identifiers":1988},"Ergul AB, Caliskan E, Samsa H, Gokcek I, Kaya A, Zararsiz GE, et al. Using a high-flow nasal cannula provides superior results to OxyMask delivery in moderate to severe bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177(8):1299–307. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00431-018-3191-1.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00431-018-3191-1",{"mag":1989,"openalex":1990,"pm":1991,"doi":1992},"2809459396","W2809459396","29915869","10.1007\u002Fs00431-018-3191-1",{"id":18,"text":1994,"url":1995,"identifiers":1996},"Bassiouny MR, Gupta A, el Bualy M. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome: an experience from a developing country. J Trop Pediatr. 1994;40(6):341–4. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Ftropej\u002F40.6.341.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Ftropej\u002F40.6.341",{"mag":1997,"openalex":1998,"pm":1999,"doi":2000},"2331526292","W2331526292","7853438","10.1093\u002Ftropej\u002F40.6.341",{"id":18,"text":2002,"url":2003,"identifiers":2004},"Monteverde E, Fernandez A, Ferrero F, Barbaro C, De Lillo L, Lavitola M, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection. An experience in hospitals of the City of Buenos Aires. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2019;117(5):286–93. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5546\u002Faap.2019.eng.286.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5546\u002Faap.2019.eng.286",{"mag":2005,"openalex":2006,"pm":2007,"doi":2008},"2981739014","W2981739014","31560483","10.5546\u002Faap.2019.eng.286",{"id":18,"text":2010,"url":2011,"identifiers":2012},"Buendia JA. Attitudes, knowledge and beliefs of patient about anti-hypertensive drugs. Biomedica. 2012;32(4):578–84. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1590\u002FS0120-41572012000400013.","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F23715233",{"mag":2013,"openalex":2014,"pm":2015,"doi":2016},"3126097377","W3126097377","23715233","10.1590\u002Fs0120-41572012000400013",{"id":2018,"createTime":2019,"updateTime":2020,"relativeEntities":2021,"slug":2022,"properties":2023,"entityType":160,"verifyStatus":161,"verifyTime":2033,"verifyNote":163,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":2034,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":2035,"publicationType":370,"publisherRelationship":2135,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":2181,"publishYear":649,"citationAnalyzeStatus":650,"lastCitationAnalyze":2182,"indexDatabases":2183,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":521},"fd07b64c-94f9-40b9-80d7-1d8a71a40e58","2023-12-25T19:52:45.052+00:00","2026-02-16T16:13:27.042+00:00",[],"Economic-burden-of-osteoporotic-fractures-in-Austria",{"abstract":2024,"title":2026,"gsPaper":2028,"references":2029,"doi":2031},{"EN":2025},"Osteoporotic fractures impose a huge economic burden on society. Though several cost of illness studies from other countries exist, no equivalent study has been conducted in Austria. Our study aims at assessing costs resulting from osteoporotic fractures in Austria in the year 2008 from a societal perspective. We took both direct and indirect costs into consideration. Direct costs encompass medical costs such as expenses for pharmaceuticals, inpatient and outpatient medical care costs, as well as other medical services (e.g., occupational therapies). Non-medical direct costs include transportation costs and medical devices (e.g., wheel chairs or crutches). Indirect costs refer to costs of productivity losses due to absence of work. Moreover, we included costs for early retirement and opportunity costs of informal care provided by family members. For our analysis, we combined data of official statistics, expert estimates as well as unique patient surveys that are currently conducted in the course of an international osteoporotic fracture study in Austria. For the year 2008, the total annual financial burden incurred by osteoporotic fractures in Austria amounted to approx. €685.2 million, the largest fraction of which was due to the opportunity cost of family care (30.2%), followed by costs for hospitalization (26.6%). The financial burden of osteoporotic fractures in Austria is substantial. Our findings may have implications for future economic analyses, and also support health care authorities in their decision making.",{"EN":2027},"Economic burden of osteoporotic fractures in Austria",{"VOID":534},{"VOID":2030},"Consensus development conference: prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis Am J Med 1991,90(1):107–10.\nJohnell O, Kanis J: Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures. 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Hauptverband der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger, Wien; 2008.\nStatistik Austria: Arbeitskostenerhebungen 2008. Statistik Austria; 2008.\nMiller RE, Blair PB: Input–output Analysis. Foundations and Extentions. Cambridge University Press, New York; 2010.\nObermayer U, Mayer-Schulz M, Stefanits J: Invaliditätspensionen. In Sozialbericht 2007 – 2008 - Ressortaktivitäten und sozialpolitische Analysen. Bundesministerium für Soziales und Konsumentenschutz, Vienna; 2008.\nBorgström F, Sobocki P, Ström O, Jönsson B: The societal burden of osteoporosis in Sweden. Bone 2007,40(6):1602–9. 10.1016\u002Fj.bone.2007.02.027\nBorgström F, Zethraeus N, Johnell O, Lidgren L, Ponzer S, Svensson O, et al.: Costs and quality of life associated with osteoporosis-related fractures in Sweden. Osteoporos Int 2006,17(5):637–50. 10.1007\u002Fs00198-005-0015-8\nPike MM, Barnes MA, Barron RW: The role of illustrations in children's inferential comprehension. J Exp Child Psychol 2010,105(3):243–55. 10.1016\u002Fj.jecp.2009.10.006\nBouza C, López T, Palma M, Amate JM: Hospitalised osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Spain: analysis of the national hospital discharge registry. Osteoporos Int 2007,18(5):649–57. 10.1007\u002Fs00198-006-0292-x\nZethraeus N, Strömberg L, Jönsson B, Svensson O, Ohlén G: The cost of a hip fracture. Estimates for 1,709 patients in Sweden. Acta Orthop Scand 1997,68(1):13–7. 10.3109\u002F17453679709003968\nJohnell O, Gullberg B, Kanis JA: The hospital burden of vertebral fracture in Europe: a study of national register sources. Osteoporos Int 1997,7(2):138–44. 10.1007\u002FBF01623689\nJohnell O, Kanis JA, Jonsson B, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C: The burden of hospitalised fractures in Sweden. Osteoporos Int 2005,16(2):222–8. 10.1007\u002Fs00198-004-1686-2\nCooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ: Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. Osteoporos Int 1992,2(6):285–9. 10.1007\u002FBF01623184\nRiggs BL, Hartmann LC: Selective estrogen-receptor modulators – mechanisms of action and application to clinical practice. N Engl J Med 2003,348(7):618–29. 10.1056\u002FNEJMra022219\nCummings SR, San Martin J, McClung MR, Siris ES, Eastell R, Reid IR, et al.: Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2009,361(8):756–65. 10.1056\u002FNEJMoa0809493\nDimai HP, Pietschmann P, Resch H, Preisinger E, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dobnig H, et al.: Austrian guidance for the pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women–update 2009. Wien Med Wochenschr Suppl 2009, 122: 1–34.\nSeeman E, Compston J, Adachi J, Brandi ML, Cooper C, Dawson-Hughes B, et al.: Non-compliance: the Achilles' heel of anti-fracture efficacy. Osteoporos Int 2007,18(6):711–9. 10.1007\u002Fs00198-006-0294-8\nSilverman SL, Gold DT, Cramer JA: Reduced fracture rates observed only in patients with proper persistence and compliance with bisphosphonate therapies. South Med J 2007,100(12):1214–8. 10.1097\u002FSMJ.0b013e31815a9685\nReginster J: Adherence and persistence: impact on outcomes and health care resources. Bone 2006,38(2 Suppl 2):S18–21.\nPietschmann P, Azizi-Semrad U, Pils K, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Resch H, Dobnig H: Pharmacologic undertreatment of osteoporosis in Austrian nursing homes and senior's residences. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2010,122(17–18):532–7.",{"VOID":2032},"10.1186\u002F2191-1991-2-12","2024-05-12T08:21:10.263+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fhealtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F2191-1991-2-12",[2036,2051,2066,2081,2105,2120],{"id":2037,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":2038,"affiliations":2039,"properties":2048,"displayName":2050,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"60a71c8c-25e8-4bf7-83ba-15efe73c7b6a",[545],[2040],{"id":2041,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2042,"properties":18},"131cd1b6-9b1a-40ff-b43d-c10fa331334c",{"id":2041,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2043,"slug":18,"properties":2044,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2047,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2045},{"VI":2046},"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria",[],{"title":2049},{"VI":2050},"Hans Peter Dimai",{"id":2052,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":18,"roles":2053,"affiliations":2054,"properties":2063,"displayName":2065,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"067d0878-58fd-4648-8e97-8596fa6f67a7",[545],[2055],{"id":2056,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2057,"properties":18},"c7caa42f-ac9f-415c-9646-1429079cde13",{"id":2056,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2058,"slug":18,"properties":2059,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2062,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2060},{"VI":2061},"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria",[],{"title":2064},{"VI":2065},"Kurt Redlich",{"id":2067,"sortIndex":207,"researcher":18,"roles":2068,"affiliations":2069,"properties":2078,"displayName":2080,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"3e027b35-4983-4bd8-8d4a-46773d103bd5",[545],[2070],{"id":2071,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2072,"properties":18},"d5d27c2a-95ed-489e-b6c9-ec8496ccbe80",{"id":2071,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2073,"slug":18,"properties":2074,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2077,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2075},{"VI":2076},"Association for the Promotion of Continuing Medical Education and Research, Vienna, Austria",[],{"title":2079},{"VI":2080},"Monika Peretz",{"id":2082,"sortIndex":227,"researcher":18,"roles":2083,"affiliations":2084,"properties":2102,"displayName":2104,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a7720348-ff23-4fb1-a460-f925ee0e09ed",[545],[2085,2093],{"id":2086,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2087,"properties":18},"9eb99f09-83dd-43a2-8f23-8603b9f2a525",{"id":2086,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2088,"slug":18,"properties":2089,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2092,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2090},{"VI":2091},"I3 Innovus, Stockholm, Sweden",[],{"id":2094,"sortIndex":189,"affiliation":2095,"properties":2101},"ea3fa8bd-c79d-436c-92de-20e3fb6863e9",{"id":2094,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2096,"slug":18,"properties":2097,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2100,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2098},{"VI":2099},"Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden",[],{},{"title":2103},{"VI":2104},"Fredrik Borgström",{"id":2106,"sortIndex":245,"researcher":18,"roles":2107,"affiliations":2108,"properties":2117,"displayName":2119,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"0914da10-a803-4b4c-8b94-1172f761add8",[545],[2109],{"id":2110,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":2111,"properties":18},"cf8552d4-ba32-464d-a62e-4e3009be8474",{"id":2110,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":2112,"slug":18,"properties":2113,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":2116,"statistic":18},[],{"title":2114},{"VI":2115},"Department for Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT–University for Health Sciences. 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However, public spending alone does not improve health status. Quality of governance is considered not only as an important determinant of health outcomes but also of the efficiency of public expenditure on health. In low-income countries, barriers to quality service provision can be observed, which may explain the effects of health expenditures. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the relationship between health expenditures and maternal and child mortality in Madagascar and the potential bottlenecks in the flow of funds for maternal and child health. Using panel data, fixed and random effect models for the 22 regions of Madagascar over the period 2010 to 2017 were used. Then bottlenecks related to the flow of funds for maternal and child health were identified. The results reveal that, on the one hand, funding for maternal health, mainly constituted by equipment endowments for health facilities, significantly contributes to the improvement of maternal health (-0.35; p-value = 0.00). On the other hand, child health financing, often realized through transfers of funds to the health system, does not affect children’s health (0.22; p-value = 0.88). The bottleneck analysis illustrates that the transferred funds can suffer from delay or misappropriation and only few parts reach beneficiaries. Equipment endowments contributed more to health improvement and would be more effective than monetary financing.",{"EN":2194},"Do public health expenditures affect maternal and child health in Madagascar?",{"VOID":534},{"VOID":2197},"Akinkugbe O, Mohanoe M. Public health expenditure as a determinant of health status in Lesotho. Soc Work Public Health. 2009;24:131–47.\nNovignon J, Olakojo SA, Nonvignon J. The effects of public and private health care expenditure on health status in sub-Saharan Africa: new evidence from panel data analysis. Health Econ Rev. 2012;2:1–8.\nNketiah-Amponsah E. The Impact of Health Expenditures on Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Dev Soc. 2019;35:134–52.\nOwusu PA, Sarkodie SA, Pedersen PA. Relationship between mortality and health care expenditure: Sustainable assessment of health care system. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0247413.\nGupta S, Verhoeven M, Tiongson ER. The effectiveness of government spending on education and health care in developing and transition economies. Eur J Polit Econ. 2002;18:717–37.\nRana RH, Alam K, Gow J. Health expenditure, child and maternal mortality nexus: a comparative global analysis. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2018;18:1–15.\nDollar D, Burnside C. Aid, the Incentive Regime, and Poverty Reduction. Policy Res Work Pap [Internet]. 1999;16, [2] p. Available from: http:\u002F\u002Felibrary.worldbank.org\u002Fdoi\u002Fbook\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1596\u002F1813-9450-1937.\nFilmer D, Pritchett L. The impact of public spending on health: does money matter? Soc Sci Med. 1999;49:1309–23.\nBokhari FAS, Gai Y, Gottret P. Government health expenditures and health outcomes. Health Econ. 2007;16:257–73.\nAnyanwu JC, Erhijakpor AEO. Health expenditures and health outcomes in Africa. Afr Dev Rev. 2009;21:400–33.\nNicholas A, Edward N-A, Bernardin S. The effect of health expenditure on selected maternal and child health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Soc Econ. 2016.\nMakuta I, O’Hare B. Quality of governance, public spending on health and health status in Sub Saharan Africa: A panel data regression analysis. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2015;15:1–11. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-015-2287-z.\nFryatt R, Bennett S, Soucat A. Health sector governance: Should we be investing more? BMJ Glob Heal. 2017;2:1–6.\nBarroy H, Kabaniha G, Boudreaux C, Cammack T, Bain N. Leveraging public financial management for better health in Africa: Key bottlenecks and opportunities for reform. Heal. Financ. Work. Pap. 2015.\nLang E, Saint-Firmin P, Olivetti A, Rakotomalala M, Dutta A. Analyse du système de financement de la santé à Madagascar pour guider de futures réformes, notamment la CSU. Heal Policy Plus. 2018.\nChandler R, Lang E, Sanitaire P. Budgétisation du plan de développement du secteur santé (PDSS) de Madagascar. 2014.\nRazakamanana MV, Audibert M, Andrianantoandro VT, Harimanana A. Impact et efficience de l’intégration du diagnostic et du traitement de la pneumonie dans la prise en charge communautaire du paludisme à Madagascar. Rev économique. 2020;71:5–30.\nINSTAT. Enquête Démographique et de Santé. 1997.\nMOH. Plan De Développement du Secteur Santé 2015–2019. 195. 2014.\nMOH. Annuaire statistique de santé de Madagascar 2018. 2018.\nEnweronu-Laryea C, Dickson KE, Moxon SG, Simen-Kapeu A, Nyange C, Niermeyer S, et al. Basic newborn care and neonatal resuscitation: a multi-country analysis of health system bottlenecks and potential solutions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:1–20.\nBaker U, Peterson S, Marchant T, Mbaruku G, Temu S, Manzi F, et al. Identifying implementation bottlenecks for maternal and newborn health interventions in rural districts of the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ. 2015;93:380–9.\nSharma G, Mathai M, Dickson KE, Weeks A, Hofmeyr GJ, Lavender T, et al. Quality care during labour and birth: a multi-country analysis of health system bottlenecks and potential solutions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:1–19.\nAfnan-Holmes H, Magoma M, John T, Levira F, Msemo G, Armstrong CE, et al. Tanzania’s countdown to 2015: an analysis of two decades of progress and gaps for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, to inform priorities for post-2015. Lancet Glob Heal. 2015;3:e396–409.\nFeki C, Chtourou N. Capital social et croissance économique: analyse empirique sur données de panel [ Social capital and economic growth : empirical analysis of panel data ]. Int J Innov Sci Res. 2014;2:164–76.\nHoltz-Eakin D, Newey W, Rosen HS. Estimating vector autoregressions with panel data. Econom J Econom Soc. 1988;1371–95.\nArellano M, Bond S. Some Tests of Specification for Panel Carlo Application to Data: Evidence and an Employment Equations. Rev Econ Stud. 1991;58:277–97.\nUNICEF. Assessing financial flows and bottlenecks for immunisation services in Madagascar. 2015.\nMinistry of Economy and Finance. Amending Finance Law., 2017. 2017.\nMinistry of Health. Plan de développement du secteur santé (PDSS) 2020–2024 [Internet]. Madagascar. ; 2020. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fscorecard.prb.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F03\u002FPlan-de-développement-du-secteur-santé-2020-2024.pdf.\nGupta S, Verhoeven M, Tiongson ER. Public spending on health care and the poor. Health Econ. 2003;12:685–96.\nUNICEF. Analyse budgétaire de la santé à Madagascar [Internet]. Madagascar. ; 2020. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.unicef.org\u002Fmadagascar\u002Fmedia\u002F6511\u002Ffile\u002FAnalyse bugétaire de la santé 2015–2020 - Version longue.pdf.\nUS Agency for International Development U. Enquête sur l’évaluation de la disponibilité et de la capacité opérationnelle des services des CSB. 2019.\nPourette D, Mattern C, Cabane CB, Ravololomanga B. Femmes, enfants et santé à Madagascar: approches anthropologiques comparées. Editions L’Harmattan; 2018.\nMOH. Plan de Développement du Secteur Santé 2020–2024. Madagascar; 2020.\nSunday O, Adeleye B. An empirical analysis of public health expenditure on life expectancy: Evidence from Nigeria. Br J Econ Manag Trade. 2017;17:1–17.\nCumberland S. Great Progress in Global Health Unfinished Business Remains. Harv Int Rev. 2015;37:48.\nGani A. Health care financing and health outcomes in Pacific Island countries. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24:72–81.\nFoster S, Bryant M, Dorji G. A Framework for Estimating Benefits of Investing in Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health. Geneva, Switz Bost Univ Sch Public Heal. 2012.\nAndrianantoandro VT, Pourette D, Rakotomalala O, Ramaroson HJV, Ratovoson R, Rakotoarimanana FMJ. Factors influencing maternal healthcare seeking in a highland region of Madagascar: a mixed methods analysis. 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